Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026838 (spasticity)
 6,471 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Botulinum toxin, the most potent known biological neurotoxin, holds great promise in the therapy of many diseases. It has been used effectively to treat strabismus, dystonias and other movement disorders, and spasticity. However, a number of potential new therapeutic indications have emerged and attracted a considerable amount of interest from the scientific community. These emerging indications included treatment for conditions associated with pain (e.g. headaches, myofascial pain, chronic low back pain), hypersecretion of glands (e.g. hyperhidrosis, sialorrhea, intrinsic rhinitis), and excessive or dyssynergic muscle contraction, and for cosmesis (e.g. myokymia, bruxism, anal fissure). There is a need for more controlled clinical trials, dose-ranging studies to determine optimal treatment, validated clinical scales and studies developed to assess the value of electromyographic guidance and skill of investigators on the outcome of treatment for some of these diseases. The long-term cost effectiveness of treatment and immunoresistance from repeated injections are also important clinical issues to address.
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PMID:Emerging therapeutic applications of botulinum toxin. 1260 5

The therapeutic possibilities of botulinum toxin are manifold and certainly not yet fully exhausted. Apart from the classical indications--focal dystonia and focal spasticity--its use in the management of wrinkles has become well known. Moreover, the toxin is now being administered in many medical fields, including many other kinetic disorders like rare dystonias and tremor. The toxin is also used in a great number of autonomic disorders such as focal hyperhidrosis and even rhinitis. Substantial advances have been made in the field of urology after injections into the sphincter and detrusor muscle. Studies for approval are meanwhile under way concerning the treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia. Gastroenterology is another important field for application of botulinum toxin--be it to the esophagus (e.g. achalasia), stomach, gallbladder, or anorectum. Anal fissure is considered a particularly common indication. Controlled studies for many indications are frequently lacking because of the limited incidence of some of these disorders and symptoms.
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PMID:Other indications of botulinum toxin therapy. 1641 1