Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026838 (spasticity)
 6,471 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is difficult to treat. The efficacy and safety of tizanidine, an alpha2-adrenergic agent with effects on spasticity and pain, in treating MPS was evaluated. Female subjects (n = 29) with MPS of 9 to > 52 weeks' duration and mean age 37.5 (range 20-51) years, who also had reduced pressure thresholds, were enrolled. Subjects were titrated up to 12 mg of tizanidine over 3 weeks and maintained for 2 weeks. Sleep was assessed via visual analog scale (VAS), pain intensity via short form McGill questionnaire including VAS, disability/level of function, and pressure threshold (tested by algometry) at baseline, weeks 3 and 5, and 1 week after tizanidine was discontinued. Patient and physician global assessments of treatment were reported at week 5. Twenty-four subjects completed the study. Pain intensity and disability decreased significantly from baseline at weeks 3 and 5 and after washout (P < .001). Pressure threshold and sleep improved for all study periods (P < .001). Tizanidine was rated as good to excellent in relieving pain by 89% of subjects and 79% of physicians. No serious adverse events occurred. Tizanidine was effective in the treatment of MPS.
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PMID:Tizanidine is effective in the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome. 1688 22

A review of the history and pharmacology of the botulinum neurotoxins is presented. Established mechanisms of action are discussed as well as preliminary evidence of other potential mechanisms, as related to botulinum toxins' antinociceptive properties. Methods of administration, including reconstitution, dilution, and basic injection techniques/principles are reviewed. Safety concerns are also addressed. Various applications relevant to the field of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation are reviewed, specifically uses in the management of muscle over activity syndromes such as upper motor neuron-related spasticity, dystonias, and painful syndromes including Myofascial Pain Syndromes and headaches. Relevant literature related to these applications is reviewed and discussed. Botulinum toxin therapeutic efficacy and possible reasons for treatment failure (including development of antibody-mediated resistance) are discussed.
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PMID:The use of botulinum toxin in physical medicine and rehabilitation. 1961 May 49

Myofascial pain syndrome is a chronic pain syndrome that affects a focal or regional portion of the body, accompanied by manifestations of neuropathy. The main treatment goal is to desensitize supersensitive structures and restore motion and function, releasing muscle shortening and promoting healing. Therapeutic approach include MTP injections using botulinum toxin type A and stretch, treatment of psychological or behavioral abnormalities, physical therapy, electrical stimulation and massage. Spasticity is defined as a motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes (muscle tone) with exaggerated tendon jerks resulting from hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex. This physiological events resulted in uncontrolled reflex activity (spasms) and increased muscle tone (rigidity). When used as part of an integrated antispasticity program, the dose of botulinum toxin type A may be adjusted to provide the precise degree of weakness needed to overcome spasticity, while preserving some strength for normal function. The benefits botulinum toxin type A can offer any particular patient depend on the location and degree of spasticity, but improvements in daily activities are usually obtained. In conclusion, botulinum toxin is currently an alternative to consider in the treatment of pain associated with myofascial pain syndrome and/or spasticity, based on a correct diagnosis and patient schedule program.
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PMID:New advances in botulinum toxin therapy for pain. 1981 Sep 12