Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026838 (spasticity)
 6,471 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Botulinum toxin A (BTX A) has been used for more than 20 years as a safe and effective treatment for numerous diseases characterized by pathological muscle hypertension. In patients suffering from dystonia or spasticity, it has been observed that use of BTX A results not only in muscle relaxation but also frequently relieves associated pain. This pain relief is often seen earlier and to a much greater extent than the muscular relaxation itself. This has led to extending the use of BTX A to treat various focal pain syndromes. The results of initial studies in specific musculoskeletal pain therapy suggest that BTX A infiltrations are effective in the treatment of chronic, therapy-resistant pain of the shoulder and back region. Furthermore, BTX A has been found to be a less invasive option for the treatment of chronic epicondylitis and similar tendonitis conditions. The healing process following rupture of tendons or muscle transfer operations may be improved. In adults with increased muscle tone and endoprostheses, the targeted relaxation of spastic muscles might increase the lifetime of the implant and diminish aseptic loosening. In children with cerebral palsy, prophylactic treatment of hip luxation appears possible. The doses used in pain therapy are low; if correctly applied, the tolerance and safety are high and the effect lasts for a number of weeks.
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PMID:[Botulinum toxin A in orthopedic pain therapy]. 1558 99

We review the evidence of botulinum toxins in the treatment of pain. Main indications of botulinum toxin treatment, dystonia and spasticity, involve pain. Increasing evidence suggests direct analgesic effects of botulinum. Botulinum inhibits release of pain mediators (substance P, CGRP, excitatory amino acids, ATP, noradrenaline). Clinical trials have consistently shown analgesic effect of botulinum toxin in post-stroke shoulder pain, bladder dysfunction, chronic migraine, neuropathic pain, bruxism and lateral epicondylitis. Other pain conditions have been studied with yet uncertain results. It seems that the number of patients who would benefit from botulinum toxin treatment will increase considerably in the future.
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PMID:[Botulinum toxins for pain]. 2223 20

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is effective in the treatment of tendinopathy. We designed a prospective observational clinical study to assess the correlation between clinical and functional measures and recovery of strength after ESWT for epicondylitis. We analyzed 26 patients. We measured progressive improvement in visual analogue scale values (p < 0.0005) and Mayo Elbow Performance Index scores (p = 0.004) for the pathologic limb. Monitoring of handgrip failed to reveal changes in values at any follow-up (p > 0.05). We found no correlation between degree of clinical function and muscle deficit during follow-up. After ESWT, there was a tendency toward a decrease in grip strength, especially in the dominant limb. This could be related to the effects of ESWT, which reduces spasticity in painful hypertonic muscles. These data may be useful in defining the expectations for function during ESWT for epicondylitis, particularly for elite athletes.
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PMID:Effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on functional and strength recovery of handgrip in patients affected by epicondylitis. 2530 50