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Query: UMLS:C0026838 (spasticity)
 6,471 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The electromyographic activity and the forces around the hip were measured in resting, neutral, and 25 degrees abduction in 13 individuals with spastic quadriplegia and windblown deformity. A direct correlation was found between abduction force and myoelectric activity of the abductors. In the adducted hip, there was sustained activity of the adductors while the activity in the abductors was minimal in all positions. In the abducted hip, there was electrical activity in both abductors and adductors in all positions except 25 degrees abduction when only the adductors were active. The results suggest that early detection of potentially progressive windblown hips in children with cerebral palsy may be achieved by careful assessment of hip range of motion, recognition of spasticity in abductors, and the presence of a "pseudo-Galleazzi sign."
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PMID:Electromyographic and force patterns of cerebral palsy patients with windblown hip deformity. 235 84

To date, June 1, 1986, 33 spastic cerebral palsy (CP) patients have taken part in a double blind study testing the safety and efficacy of chronic cerebellar stimulation (CCS) for reduction of spasticity and improvement in function. Seven U.S. surgical centers involving ten neurosurgeons have implanted the Neurolith 601 cerebellar stimulator supplied by Pacesetter Systems Inc. (Sylmar, CA). A pilot study was run with three patients at Stanford University (Stanford, CA) using taped-on real (strong) and dummy (weak) magnets to control the ON-OFF status. Following the pilot study, a magnetically controllable switch was placed in line between the Neurolith stimulator and the cerebellar lead to allow more reliable switching sequences for the study. The test battery included joint angle measurements (passive and active), motor performance testing, reaction time, hand dynamometry, grooved peg board placement, hand/foot tapping, and rotary pursuit testing. Testing only was done at presurgery. Testing and ON-OFF switching was performed following recovery from surgery and at one, two, and four months. After four months, the switch was left turned ON. Of the 30 patients using the implanted switch, 11 were dropped from the study and seven are still in progress. Of the 11 dropped from the study, four were due to switch problems and three were due to double blind protocol violations, i.e., the participants discovered the stimulus status. The remaining four were removed because of a broken lead, infection, or unrelated medical problems, or refusal to participate after implant. A preliminary analysis indicated that three-quarters of the patients have a demonstrable quantitative improvement during the time the stimulation was "ON." Three patients showed no significant change.
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PMID:Cerebellar stimulation for spastic cerebral palsy: preliminary report; on-going double blind study. 243 83

Diagnostic criteria for Rett syndrome (RS) were developed by representatives of the International Rett Syndrome Association and the Centers for Disease Control for use in future clinical and epidemiological studies. Necessary criteria are: normal prenatal and perinatal period; normal psychomotor development through the first 6 months of life; normal head circumference at birth, with subsequent deceleration of head growth; loss of purposeful hand skills; severely impaired expressive and receptive language; apparent severe mental retardation; and gait apraxia and truncal apraxia/ataxia. Supportive criteria include breathing dysfunction, seizures, spasticity, scoliosis, and growth retardation. The diagnosis of RS is considered tentative until 2 to 5 years of age. The differential diagnosis includes other disorders associated with mental retardation, cerebral palsy, and seizure disorders. These diagnostic criteria for RS should foster reliable communication among investigators and enhance the epidemiological and clinical research of this important disorder.
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PMID:Diagnostic criteria for Rett syndrome. The Rett Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria Work Group. 245 7

Cerebral palsy, suffered as a result of an anoxic episode during the perinatal period, is the most common physical disability in childhood. Spastic cerebral palsy is characterized by increased muscle tone and decreased range of motion resulting in impaired motor function. Application of an old neurosurgical procedure, the selective posterior rhizotomy, is a new alternative for treatment of spasticity which interferes with a child's motor ability. A detailed evaluation process is necessary to identify suitable candidates. The procedure involves selective surgical severing of L2 to S2 rootlets following electrophysiological stimulation and identification of abnormal responses. An overview of the surgical procedure, as well as nursing implications for the pre- and postoperative and rehabilitative periods will be discussed.
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PMID:Selective posterior rhizotomy in the pediatric cerebral palsy population: implications for nursing practice. 252 27

This study examined the reported association between cerebral palsy and cryptorchidism. A comparison was made among 25 boys with cerebral palsy under the age of 2 years and 6 months, 25 boys with cerebral palsy aged between 5 and 10 years, and age-matched controls. The testes remained in the same position with age in boys with cerebral palsy, whereas in normal children the testes were slightly lower initially (P less than .005) and became lower still with growth (P less than .001). This result, taken in conjunction with previous studies, casts doubts on the theories of early damage to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis as the cause of maldescent in cerebral palsy. It is postulated that any apparent increase in cryptorchidism in older patients with cerebral palsy may be caused by spasticity of the cremaster muscle leading to pathologic retraction of the testis out of the scrotum.
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PMID:The relationship between cerebral palsy and cryptorchidism. 257 33

Spastic diplegia has been recognized as the type of cerebral palsy most frequently associated with prematurity. Due to constantly improving neonatal care in developed countries, more and smaller premature infants are surviving, and the number of spastic diplegic children can be expected to increase. This paper reviews the incidence, pathophysiology, and associated handicaps of patients with this type of cerebral palsy. The role of the physiatrist and aspects of traditional management are discussed. Recent advances in treatment of spasticity and lower extremity bracing are stressed as they seem to be particularly suitable to spastic diplegic patients.
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PMID:Rehabilitation management of children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. 265 15

This article salutes Sherman Coleman for his work for children with cerebral palsy and reviews the accomplishments over the past 30 years. During this time, much has changed. Yet, we are only a little closer to ridding these children of the grasp that spasticity has on their limbs.
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PMID:What have 30 years of medical progress done for cerebral palsy? 267 4

The main neurosurgical forms of infantile cerebral palsy (ICP) are singled out: athetosis-torsional-dystonic, athetosis-spastic, athetosis-torsional-choreatic. Results of 273 stereotaxic operations in 163 ICP patients are analyzed. The best results were observed in with athetosis-choreatic and athetosis-torsional-dystonic forms that were associated with rigidity-spasticity.
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PMID:[Stereotaxic operations in the treatment of patients with infantile cerebral palsy]. 268 60

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were studied in 20 children with cerebral palsy and severe lower extremity spasticity before and after selective partial dorsal root rhizotomy of the lumbosacral cord. The potentials from stimulating nerves in the lower extremity were abnormal in two thirds of the children before the operation, whereas the potentials were generally normal from upper extremity nerves. Dorsal root rhizotomies caused an attenuation of nerve root entry volleys recorded over the lumbar cord but did not change SEPs recorded over the cortex. The exception to this was that the incidence of abnormal sural nerve SEPs decreased postoperatively. Lumbar cord functions measured by H-reflexes or by tendon jerks were depressed following the operation. These results indicate a significant degree of abnormality of somatosensory transmission from the lower extremity in a group of cerebral palsied children with severe spasticity. Moreover, selective sectioning of approximately 50% of the dorsal root fibers in the lumbosacral cord had little influence on cortical evoked potentials.
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PMID:Somatosensory evoked potentials in cerebral palsy after partial dorsal root rhizotomy. 271 49

Various linear measurements were made of 100 children with cerebral palsy to evaluate the effects of various factors on growth, and to investigate the use of alternative measurements to height or recumbent length. Linear growth was more retarded in children with spastic quadriplegia than in those with less widespread spasticity, and there was a tendency for the older children to be more growth-retarded. Upper-arm and lower-leg lengths provided useful information about linear growth. Growth charts using these alternative measurements have been developed which can be used to assess linear growth of children with cerebral palsy when it is difficult or impossible to measure height or recumbent length because of joint contractures. These charts should improve the assessment of the nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy.
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PMID:Assessment of linear growth of children with cerebral palsy: use of alternative measures to height or length. 273 73


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