Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026838 (spasticity)
 6,471 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thw radiological appearances found in the pelvis and hip joints in 79 patients with cerebral palsy, aged 5--16 years, have been studied. These findings have been recorded and correlated with the clinical severity and distribution of the disease. Subluxation of the hip joints was found in 14% and dislocation in a further 6%. Spasticity was the predominant neuromuscular handicap in 69 out of 79 cases (88%). The acetabular angle and femoral neck shaft angle were related to the degree of migration of the femoral head. The acetabular angle, iliac angle, iliac index and femoral neck shaft angle were all significantly increased in the deranged group. In the dislocated group, the mean neck-shaft angle was 154 degrees. When the degree of spasticity was asymmetrical, there was a striking relationship between the laterality of the spasticity and the laterality of the deranged hip, pelvic obliquity and increased acetabular angle. A typical teardrop-shaped femoral head was seen in 48% spina bifida occulta of the lower lumbar and sacral spine in 32% and pseudoarthrosis in 3.8%. No ectopic calcification or ossification of soft tissue was noted. An awareness that these children are at risk from subluxation and dislocation of the hip and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment are emphasised.
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PMID:The radiology of the hip joints and pelvis in cerebral palsy. 87 Feb 80

This study was undertaken to evaluate the recurrence risks for sibs of patients with symmetrical spasticity (either quadriplegia or diplegia) in the absence of factors known to cause spastic cerebral palsy (e.g. pre-term birth, perinatal hypoxia). Among 669 children in the West Midlands with spastic cerebral palsy, 24 had symmetrical spasticity and normal birth histories. This group was clinically and genetically heterogenous. Among their 55 sibs, six had a spastic disorder similar to that in the index patient, and one further sib, who had died young, had been mentally retarded. Of particular interest were two families with an autosomal recessive condition of post-natal microcephaly, myoclonic epilepsy and spastic quadriplegia; and one family, and possibly a sporadic case of X-linked athetoid cerebral palsy. The recurrence risk in this series of approximately 1 in 9 suggests that about half the children with symmetrical spastic cerebral palsy and a normal birth history may have a recessive condition.
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PMID:Recurrence risks in families of children with symmetrical spasticity. 87 Mar 57

Four cerebral-palsied children participated in the following ABAB design: speech and motor pre-electrophysiologic behavior modification (EMB) evaluation; frontal EMG EMB, six weeks; speech and motor post-EBM evaluation; six weeks no training; speech and motor reevaluation; EMG EBM, four weeks; speech and motor evaluation. Auditory and visual feedback of frontal EMG was monitored by cumulative integration of frontal EMG voltage. The children were shaped by setting a cumulative voltage threshold (CVT). If the child's cumulative integrated frontal EMG voltage fell below the CVT at the end of each 60-sec epoch, a reward was automatically dispensed from a Universal Feeder. Frontal EMG decreased significantly over the initial twelve trials. Correspondingly, improvement was noted for the children in speech and motor skills. Follow-up six weeks later showed increased frontal EMG voltage and deterioration of speech and motor function. Reinstitution of frontal EMG EBM produced reacquisition of low frontal EMG and some recovery of speech and motor function. Collectively, these results indicate that frontal EMG EBM shows promise as an additional treatment modality in the habilitation of cerebral palsy children with spasticity.
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PMID:Electrophysiologic behavior modification of frontal EMG in cerebral-palsied children. 88 Mar 17

The asymmetrical deformities in 20 children with various types of cerebral palsy are compared with 20 children without cerebral palsy who have the so-called 'squint' baby syndrome (asymmetrical deformities of plagiocephaly, unilateral bat ear, facial and thoracic asymmetry, pelvic obliquity and apparent shortening of one leg). It is suggested that the 'squint' baby syndrome and the 'windswept' child syndrome in children with cerebral palsy are stages of the same syndrome and that in both the deformities are caused by the effect of gravity on an immobile growing child, rather than spasticity or muscle imbalance. Asymmetrical deformity should therefore be amenable to physiotherapeutic intervention, rather than trying to modify maturation of the damaged brain. As the 'windswept' cerebralpalsied child can develop some of the most severe deformities seen in cerebral palsy, it is important that asymmetrical deformities should be prevented.
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PMID:Position as a cause of deformity in children with cerebral palsy. 1848 54

The authors present a modification of Foerster's Rhizotomy for the treatment of spasticity in cerebral palsy: functional posterior rhizotomy. The selection of the roots/rootlesses to be sectioned, is accomplished on functional data, based upon the analysis of the reflex responses to the intraoperative lumbar dorsal roots stimulation. With this method it is possible to selectively interfere with the pathological circuits responsible for hypertonia, saving proprioceptive afferences necessary for motor reeducation. The clinical results on hypertonia are the same as for total or partial rhizotomies, but sides effects (ataxia, hypotonia) are considerably reduced.
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PMID:[Functional posterior radiculotomy, in the treatment of cerebral spasticity. peroperative electric stimulation of posterior roots and its use in the choice of the roots to be sectioned]. 95 64

Many of the disturbances resulting from dysregulations in the autonomous nervous system of children with cerebral palsy are rarely discussed in the doctor's praxis. Nevertheless, they are causes of trouble and worry for the parents. For this reason we started an inquiry into this matter. Questionnaires were sent to the parents of 452 C.P. patients. 374 were answered with sufficient care. The following factors were evaluated: sleep, bladder and bowel activity, temperature regulation, vomiting, sweating, blood circulation, growth. The C.P. children were compared to their own siblings especially to the next younger ones. The diagnoses were as follows: Spastic tetraplegia 197 patients. Spastic hemiplegia 44 patients, Athetosis 33 patients, Mixed cases of spasticity and athetosis 82 patients, Other 15 patients. The degrees of handicap in terms of motor development were: severe (unability to sit unsupported) 166 cases, moderate (unability to kneel or walk unsupported) 118 cases, mild (ability to kneel and/or walk unsupported) 87 cases. Summarized, the statements of the parents gave the following results: sleep disturbances: 169 cases (46%), constipation: 145 cases (39%), tendency towards temperature dysregulation: 112 cases (30%) , tendency towards increased vomiting: 91 cases (25%), sweating increased or decreased: 110 cases (30%), irregular and frequent voiding of bladder: 92 cases (25%), unstable regulation of blood circulation: 101 cases (27%), cold skin: 264 cases (71%), body-length deficit: 119 cases (32%), low-weight: 177 cases (48%), feet too small for age: 252 cases (68%). Results are related to diagnosis and severeness of handicap. In addition, it is discussed, whether there are relations between several of the investigated factors. The influence of the patients sex is discussed.
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PMID:[Vegetative disorders in children with cerebral palsy. Results of an inquiry of parents]. 97 69

It is difficult to assess objectively the effectiveness of treating children with cerebral palsy during the first year of life. 50 pupils with cerebral palsy were selected for handicap and intelligence and carefully examined. All children were treated with the neurodevelopmental technique of BOBATH, 22 of them within the first year of life, 28 thereafter. The examination in school age showed differences between the two groups. When treatment is commenced before nine months of age, children with spastic diplegia resulting from premature birth are unlikely to require special schooling for reasons of their physical handicap. After early treatment, patients with severe neuromuscular dysfunction in early life frequently display disturbances of a predominantly ataxic nature when reaching school age. Spasticity appears to respond well and athetosis less favorably to early treatment. More severe brain damage in the early treated children is possibly indicated by the higher incidence of epilepsy. Pupils who were treated early show significantly fewer behavioural disturbances, with the exception of cases where symbiotic neurosis in the mother is present. This is important for the development of the personality and the individual capacity of integration.
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PMID:[Early treatment of cerebral movement disorders: findings among 50 school children]. 101 81

Forty patients, whose ages varied from 4 to 65 years, presenting skeletal muscle spascitiy as sequel of cerebral palsy, spinovertebral trauma and cerebral vascular diseases were treated with Dantrium (dantrolene sodium), a drug muscle relaxing. Laboratory data included: electromiography, chronaximetry, EEG and blood and urine tests. Clinical followup revealed subjective improvement in the patients and also objective decrease of spasticity in a satisfactory number. Patients who had improvement with this therapy also had no beneficial results with other drugs.
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PMID:[Sodium dantrolene (dantrium) in the treatment of neurogenic muscular spasm]. 101 26

The dentitions of 146 children with cerebral palsy showed a high incidence of gnathic anomalies. There was, however, no relation between these anomalies and the severity of the neuropathological findings. Also the total number of anomalies was almost evenly distributed among the various clinical pictures such as spasticity, athetosis, ataxia. Although combinations of the individual anomalies were found most frequently, marked protrusions of the upper jaw were particularly impressive with 55%, and were followed by class II malformations (47%). In addition, almost every third tested child had an open bite.
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PMID:[Jaw and dental abnormalities in children with cerebral movement disorders]. 105 45

Data are presented for the first 50 patients with cerebral palsy who underwent chronic cerebellar stimulation for symptom alleviation. We observed significant shorter and longer term improvement in spasticity as well as athetosis, speech, and functional status. Continuing increments in improvement were noted as a function of time on stimulation. In many instances, psychometric test scores and behavior also were improved. There was one death in this series. There were no neurologic complications due to cerebellar stimulation. The results of this study warrant the judicious use of cerebellar stimulation for symptomatic and functional relief in cerebral palsy.
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PMID:Chronic cerebellar stimulation in cerebral palsy. 108 66


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