Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026838 (spasticity)
 6,471 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twelve female mongrel dogs were made paraplegic by midthoracic spinal cord transection. Beginning at 9 weeks posttransection, either glycine (50 mg/kg) or saline was injected intramuscularly each day and the signs of spinal spasticity were assessed clinically. After treating the dogs for 3 weeks, we removed the lumbar enlargement of each dog and microdissected it into gray and white areas which we assayed for glycine, glutamate, and aspartate content. Some of the clinical signs of spasticity improved in the animals injected with glycine compared to the saline-injected controls. The content of glycine was significantly elevated in the central gray matter and ventral medial white matter of the glycine-treated dogs. The levels of glutamate were also significantly elevated in the central, lateral ventral, and medial ventral gray matter and in the dorsal lateral and ventral medial white matter of the glycine-treated dogs. The possible role of these segmental putative neurotransmitters in spinal spasticity is discussed.
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PMID:Effects of glycine administration on canine experimental spinal spasticity and the levels of glycine, glutamate, and aspartate in the lumbar spinal cord. 44 May 47

Spinal cord hypothermia was conducted in 113 patients. It led to a decrease of bleeding from the tissues during the operation, reduced edema of the spinal cord, diminished spasticity of muscles, improved motor function of the affected limbs, and alleviation of the pain syndrome. Hypothermia of the spinal cord also caused changes in motoneuron excitability and circulation, both local and general, and shifts in body thermoregulation.
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PMID:[Spinal cord hypothermia in neurosurgical practice]. 44 27

After a clarifying outline on the most recent anatomo-physiopathologic acquisitions about muscular tone and spasticity, the Author presents the results of a prolonged administration (three months) which was daily controlled, in an Institute for dyskinetic subjects. At the dose of 1 mg/kg/die during the first week, 2 mg/kg/die during the second week and 3 mg/kg/die during the third and the following ones (total posology pro die divided into 3 post-prandium administrations), Dantrolene was administered to 16 subjects of both sexes, whose average age was 13, who presented marked spasticity sometimes accompanied by dystonia. An evaluation was given on these parameters: 1) spasticity estimated in three degrees according to Morosini, 2) passive articular movement (wideness and easiness of maximum excursion), 3) capability of voluntary decontraction, 4) motoricity of relation (motorial difficulty) and 5) dystonic component if present. As a global results, out of 16 cases, nine improved (56%) and seven (44%) remained unaltered. Since the drug resulted to be inefficacious in all cases with dystonia, the global improvement recorded among "pure spastics" rised to 66% of cases. Neither intolerances nor negative secundary effects were noticed.
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PMID:[Dantrolene in juvenile spasticity: 3 months of daily observation]. 45 97

Spasmodic dysphonia is a severe disorder of phonation accompanied by extreme tension of the entire phonatory system. The expressive functions of speech such as laughter, singing, and whispering are much less affected if at all. Psychotherapy, speech therapy, stimulant and psychotropic drugs, hypnotism and acupuncture have all been tried as treatment without success. In 1976, Dedo reported 34 patients who were managed with recurrent laryngeal nerve section for spasmodic dysphonia. All of these patients had marked improvement in voice with relief of spasticity. Twenty-two patients with documented spasmodic dysphonia present for at least one year have been managed at the Cleveland Clinic since Dedo's report. None of them had any improvement with conventional voice therapy and were subjected, therefore, to recurrent laryngeal nerve section.
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PMID:Recurrent layngeal nerve section for spasmodic dysphonia. 47 50

Four patients with spastic dysphonia refractory to speech and phychiatric therapy were treated by crushing the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Vocal cord paralysis was produced in all patients. Vocal spasticity subsided in all patients. Vocal cord motion returned in four to six months. Three of four patients remained free of spasticity for a minimum of 24 months.
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PMID:Laryngeal nerve crush for spastic dysphonia. 47 51

Intramuscular neutrolysis with phenol has been used for 10 years in the management of spasticity in children. Best results depend on fastidious technique and realistic use of the procedure. Sedation or anesthesia was used in all cases -- 5% phenol in water was used for all procedures. The main indications were spasticity which interfered with function, either actual or potential, or with care. Where uninhibited vestibular or tonic neck reflexes affect muscle tone, or there is dystonia or athetosis, the procedure is less effective than where spasticity alone is present. Duration of relief of spasticity ranged from 1 month to more than 2 years. About one half of the lower extremity muscle treated required tenotomy later. Generally training was required after the procedure to obtain improved function. A representative sample of muscles treated, repeat procedures, and later surgery is discussed. The procedure is recommended for use in the management of spasticity in children as a way of improving function and/or care.
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PMID:Intramuscular neurolysis for spasticity in children. 47 67

Frequency of pigmentary degeneration of the retina (PDR) among patients with degenerative and heredodegenerative neurological diseases (HDNDs) was estimated based on the hospital statistics. PDR was detected in 3% of 176 inpatients with HDNDs by careful ophthalmologic examination. On the other hand, out of 30 consecutive cases of PDR seen in our Department of Neurology, 15 patients were associated with some form of HDNDs. Atypical PDR were more frequently associated with HDNDs than typical PDR. Among neurological manifestations in those 15 cases of PDR associated with HDNDs, mental deficiency, hearing disturbance, spasticity, progressive ophthalmoplegia and ataxia were most frequently encountered. Four cases with unusual symptomatology were presented. Clinical analysis of cases of PDR associated with HDNDs in the present series as well as in the relevant literature revealed an extreme variety of clinical manifestations and underlying metabolic disorders, suggesting a possible participation of multiple factors in the pathogenesis of PDR. Importance of careful ophthalmologic examination in HDNDs was stressed from the prognostic point of view.
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PMID:Pigmentary degeneration of the retina in heredodegenerative neurological diseases. 48 6

Following spinal cord lesions, signs of spasticity may be observed on bladder with decreased capacity and urinary leaks. We have attempted to associate the inocuity of anesthetic blocks and the selective precision of microsurgical rhizotomies by percutaneous thermocoagulation of sacral roots. Bilateral 53 root coagulation, under Rx control, vesical pressure monitoring and stimulation tests, is ususally efficient. Authors report the technic and the results of this simple method about the first nine cases with more than one year of follow up.
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PMID:[Percutaneous thermocoagulation of sacral roots (author's transl)]. 49 42

The characteristics of the reflex response evoked in the soleus muscle after stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve at the ankle were contrasted with the achilleus tendon reflex in 14 healthy volunteers and in a group of selected neurological patients. The following features were examined: conditions of stimulation including stimulation frequency; appearance of reflex activity in muscles other than soleus, effect of the vibratory stimulation, interactions with voluntary contraction. Moreover, a reflex response is described in the soleus following stimulation of the sural nerve. The results have shown a marked jitter in latencies of the responses, a pattern of coactivation of antagonistic muscles, a clear increase of amplitude under vibration or voluntary contraction, normal responses both in spasticity and in S1 radiculopathy with achilleus areflexia. All these data differ from those observed with the tendon jerk of the same amplitude and differentiate the two responses. It is concluded that the reflex evoked by stimulation of the tibial nerve at the ankle is a polysynaptic response of cutaneous origin.
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PMID:[Soleus muscle reflexes evoked by stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve compared to tendon reflexes in man (author's transl)]. 49 23

A patient with clearly developed features of the full Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and complete lack of activity of hypoxynthine-phosphoribosyltransferase is described. The clinical picture was characterized by absence of spasticity, good control of autoaggression by behavior therapy, and no signs of renal insufficiency. After death, which was caused by a viral infection, pathological examination and a search for material immunologically cross-reacting with hypoxanthine-phosphoribosyltransferase were possible. In spite of increased serum urate levels and raised urinary uric acid excretion there were no signs of urate deposits or damage in the internal organs, including the kidneys. Crossreactive material was found in the liver, kidneys and spleen, a relatively rare finding in the full Lesch-Nyhan-syndrome. The absence of any specific pathological changes in the brain of this patient is in agreement with earlier reports.
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PMID:Pathological and immunological observations in a case of Lesch-Nyhan-syndrome. 49 64


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