Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026837 (muscle rigidity)
 1,077 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

NMS is a life-threatening, hyperpyrexic syndrome that follows the blockage of certain central dopaminergic receptor sites; it is commonly associated with the use of neuroleptic medications. Clinical signs usually include hyperthermia, altered mental status, muscle rigidity, and autonomic instability. Treatment is mainly supportive. Dopamine agonists and muscle relaxants are often used in therapy; however, their effectiveness has never been adequately determined in controlled studies.
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PMID:Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. 135 59

A case of NMS was reported. NMS is an uncommon but potentially lethal complication of treatment with neuroleptics. The diagnosis of NMS should seriously be considered in any individual receiving neuroleptic medications who develops unexplained fever associated with muscle rigidity. The discontinuation of neuroleptics and the use of general supportive measures are crucial. On the basis of more rapid clinical response, either bromocriptine or dantrolene could be added to traditional supportive care.
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PMID:Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a report of a case and review of the literature. 168 80

NMS is an uncommon disorder characterized by hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic imbalance, altered levels of consciousness and significant mortality. Successful treatment of NMS requires a high degree of suspicion, rapid recognition of clinical signs and symptoms and institution of therapy with dantrolene and possibly dopaminergic agonists. This condition is precipitated by neuroleptic drugs, which are commonly used in many medical specialties. All medical practitioners responsible for primary care, psychiatrists and anesthesiologists should be familiar with the manifestations of the hypermetabolic syndromes of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, Malignant Hyperthermia, and Neuroleptic Malignant-like Syndrome and should be prepared to initiate appropriate therapy.
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PMID:Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. 217 48

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare but potentially fatal reaction associated with neuroleptic drugs. It occurs in about 0.2% of patients treated with neuroleptics. Risk factors include previous episodes, dehydration, agitation, and the rate and route of neuroleptic administration. Although NMS has been reported in patients with diverse psychiatric diagnoses, as well as in normal subjects, patients with organic brain disorders or mood disorders, particularly when receiving lithium, may be at increased risk. Standardized criteria for the diagnosis of NMS have been developed and emphasize the classic findings of hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, mental status changes, and autonomic dysfunction. The syndrome lasts 7 to 10 days in uncomplicated cases receiving oral neuroleptics. Treatment consists primarily of early recognition, discontinuation of triggering drugs, management of fluid balance, temperature reduction, and monitoring for complications. Use of dopamine agonists or dantrolene or both should be considered and may be indicated in more severe, prolonged, or refractory cases. Electroconvulsive therapy has been used successfully in some cases and is particularly useful in the post-NMS patient. As a result of these measures, mortality from NMS has declined in recent years although fatalities still occur. Neuroleptics may be safely reintroduced in the management of the majority of patients recovered from an NMS episode, although a significant risk of recurrence does exist, dependent in part on time elapsed since recovery and dose or potency of neuroleptics used. Data drawn from clinical observations and basic studies support the primary role of an acute reduction in brain dopamine activity in the development of NMS. Additional studies of facilitating cofactors may lead to innovative risk-reduction strategies and the development of safer neuroleptic drugs.
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PMID:Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. 809 94

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a potentially fatal syndrome that can occur in patients taking neuroleptics or other psychotropic drugs. It is characterized by muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, altered mentation, autonomic dysfunction, increased CPK and leukocytosis. A primary factor in NMS may be a decrease in functioning of dopaminergic neurons. Treatment usually consists of discontinuation of the neuroleptic drug, drug therapy with bromocriptine and dantrolene and supportive measures. The key to successful medical and nursing management is aggressive supportive care with a focus on preventing complications. With the frequency of administration of neuroleptic drugs, neuroscience nurses should be aware of this potentially lethal complication of neuroleptic therapy.
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PMID:Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a dangerous complication of neuroleptic therapy. 844 78

Toxin-induced hyperthermic syndromes are important to consider in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with fever and muscle rigidity. If untreated, toxin-induced hyperthermia may result in fatal hyperthermia with multisystem organ failure. All of these syndromes have at their center the disruption of normal thermogenic mechanisms, resulting in the activation of the hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous systems.The result of this thermogenic dysregulation is excess heat generation combined with impaired heat dissipation. Although many similarities exist among the clinical presentations and pathophysiologies of toxin-induced hyperthermic syndromes, important differences exist among their triggers and treatments. Serotonin syndrome typically occurs within hours of the addition ofa new serotonergic agent or the abuse of stimulants such as MDMA or methamphetamine. Treatment involves discontinuing the offending agent and administering either a central serotonergic antagonist, such as cyproheptadine or chlorpromazine, a benzodiazepine, or a combination of the two. NMS typically occurs over hours to days in a patient taking a neuroleptic agent; its recommended treatment is generally the combination of a central dopamine agonist, bromocriptine or L-dopa, and dantrolene. In those patients in whom it is difficult to differentiate between serotonin and neuroleptic malignant syndromes, the physical examination may be helpful:clonus and hyperreflexia are more suggestive of serotonin syndrome,whereas lead-pipe rigidity is suggestive of NMS. In patients in whom serotonin syndrome and NMS cannot be differentiated, benzodiazepines represent the safest therapeutic option. MH presents rapidly with jaw rigidity, hyperthermia, and hypercarbia. Although it almost always occurs in the setting of surgical anesthesia, cases have occurred in susceptible individuals during exertion. The treatment of MH involves the use of dantrolene. Future improvements in understanding the pathophysiology and clinical presentations of these syndromes will undoubtedly result in earlier recognition and better treatment strategies.
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PMID:Toxin-induced hyperthermic syndromes. 1622 63

Although neuroleptic malignant syndrome manifests consistently with hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic instability, heterogeneity exists in the onset, course, laboratory findings, response to treatment and pattern of resolution. Comorbid physical conditions tend to confuse the picture. We report a case of NMS with one such presentation.Although neuroleptic malignant syndrome manifests consistently with hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic instability, heterogeneity exists in the onset, course, laboratory findings, response to treatment and pattern of resolution. Comorbid physical conditions tend to confuse the picture. We report a case of NMS with one such presentation.
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PMID:Resolution of symptoms in nms : a case report. 2158 66