Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026837 (muscle rigidity)
 1,077 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of postoperative neuroleptic malignant syndrome is presented. A healthy 23-year-old male underwent a shoulder repair under uneventful fentanyl, halothane, nitrous oxide and oxygen anaesthesia. He received droperidol 5 mg IV and metoclopramide 10 mg IV intraoperatively to prevent postoperative nausea. Postoperatively, the patient developed autonomic instability, fever and generalized muscle rigidity. His level of consciousness was depressed. These findings were consistent with the diagnosis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The supportive treatment of the patient included active cooling measures, muscle relaxation and mechanical ventilation. The ability of anti-dopaminergic agents, including metoclopramide and droperidol, to precipitate the neuroleptic malignant syndrome is discussed. Treatment of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome is briefly discussed.
Can J Anaesth 1987 Sep
PMID:Postoperative neuroleptic malignant syndrome. A case report. 366 20

Rigidity and dorsiflexion of the neck are typical signs in progressive supranuclear palsy, but the responsible areas in the brain are unknown. To examine whether bilateral lesions of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) in the midbrain tegmentum contribute to the signs of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy, we have made bilateral INC lesions in cats and tried to correlate these studies with clinical and pathological data, including our case of progressive supranuclear palsy. Bilateral INC lesioned cats showed dorsiflexion of the neck and impairment of vertical eye movement, similar to progressive supranuclear palsy patients. Analysis of the previous clinical-pathological studies and our case have shown that dorsiflexion of the neck in progressive supranuclear palsy patients was correlated more with INC lesions than lesions of the basal ganglia.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1987 Sep
PMID:Rigidity and dorsiflexion of the neck in progressive supranuclear palsy and the interstitial nucleus of Cajal. 366 69

A biomechanical study was performed to assess quantitative differences in the stability obtained with five commonly used types of internal fixation used in proximal phalangeal fractures. The techniques included dorsal plating, dorsal plating combined with an interfragmentary lag screw, two interfragmentary lag screws, tension-band technique, and crossed Kirschner wires. Rigidity and strength in apex palmar bending were determined after oblique osteotomy and fixation of the proximal phalanx. The failure modes for each fixation technique were also observed and described. The results showed that both of the techniques that used interfragmentary lag screws across the oblique osteotomies provided significantly more rigidity than did dorsal plating alone or the wired configurations but that measurements of strength were similar between all techniques tested. Dorsal plates were at a mechanical disadvantage on the compression surface in our apex palmar bend test and consequently provided no more rigidity and strength than did the wired techniques. The tension band technique represented a combination of stiff and flexible intraosseous wires without strict application of tension band principles and provided intermediate rigidity and strength. Rigidity and strength in intact proximal phalanges in the controls were significantly greater than in all techniques tested.
J Hand Surg Am 1986 Sep
PMID:The stability of internal fixation in the proximal phalanx. 376 Apr 93

Muscular rigidity, recorded as tonic activity in the electromyogram of the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle in the rat was produced by bilateral injections of muscimol (37.5-75 ng) into the intermediate or deep layers of the colliculus superior. This effect of muscimol was not only dose-dependent but also gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-specific since it could be prevented by coadministration of the GABA antagonist bicuculline methiodide. Injections of muscimol into either the superficial layers of the colliculus superior or the underlying reticular formation were without effect in this respect. These results indicate that the region containing the terminals of the nigrocollicular pathway is involved in the expression of muscular rigidity (recorded as a tonic EMG activity). Muscimol injections into the colliculus superior did not lead to catalepsy thus providing additional evidence for the notion that muscular rigidity and catalepsy are two separate phenomena which are in part mediated by different neuronal pathways.
Eur J Pharmacol 1984 Sep 03
PMID:The role of the colliculus superior in the expression of muscular rigidity. 609 4

Alfentanil, a new short-acting narcotic was clinically evaluated as an intravenous anaesthetic induction agent in 19 patients and compared to 20 patients receiving thiopentone. Alfentanil was superior to thiopentone in cardiovascular stability, both during induction of anaesthesia and tracheal intubation. However, alfentanil does not behave like a typical induction agent, time to unconsciousness is longer and more variable and is often accompanied by muscle rigidity. The results of this study suggest that alfentanil is more difficult to use as an induction agent than thiopentone, but alfentanil is recommended for short procedures when haemodynamic stability is important.
Can Anaesth Soc J 1984 Sep
PMID:Clinical experience with alfentanil for induction of anaesthesia; a comparison with thiopentone. 643 44

Mechanical and biochemical descriptions of the muscle cross-bridge cycle have been correlated. Skinned muscle fibres of rabbit psoas muscle in rigor were incubated in solutions containing approximately equal to 30 microM-Ca2+ ions and P3-1-(2-nitro)phenylethyladenosine-5'-triphosphate, 'caged ATP', an inert photolabile precursor of ATP. ATP was liberated from caged ATP within the fibres by pulses of 347 nm radiation from a frequency-doubled ruby laser. The mechanical responses of muscle fibres to the rapid increase of ATP concentration were monitored. Tension dropped briefly and then rose above the rigor value to the level characteristic of a steady active contraction. Liberation of ATP decreased in-phase stiffness (measured at 500 Hz) from the rigor level to a maintained value intermediate between rigor and relaxed values. Out-of-phase stiffness increased to a maintained level indicating a phase lead of tension with respect to imposed length oscillations. Rigor tension was varied prior to photolysis by slight alterations of fibre length. Tension traces starting at different rigor tensions converged to a common tension level at the same rate, whether or not Ca2+ was included in the medium. These data suggest that the rate of cross-bridge detachment by ATP from the rigor state is not influenced by Ca2+. Analysis of the tension records, in terms of sequential detachment and reattachment reactions, provided a measure of cross-bridge reattachment rate and an alternate measure of the detachment rate. Detachment from the rigor state was approximately proportional to the ATP concentration, with a second-order rate constant of at least 5 X 10(5) M-1 S-1. Reattachment with force generation had no detectable dependence on the concentration of ATP liberated by photolysis. A simple kinetic model of the cross-bridge cycle in terms of chemically defined intermediates was compatible with most of the experimental data. The ATP dependence of cross-bridge detachment, the kinetics of maintained cross-bridge reattachment in the presence of Ca2+, and transient reattachment and final relaxation in the absence of Ca2+ were explained. In this model, reversibility of cross-bridge attachment and the steps leading to force production allow the relatively high observed detachment rate to be accommodated with other data relating to active contraction. These data include the steady ATPase rate of active muscle fibres and the fewer attached cross-bridges in active contractions compared to rigor.
J Physiol 1984 Sep
PMID:Initiation of active contraction by photogeneration of adenosine-5'-triphosphate in rabbit psoas muscle fibres. 648 46

Purebred Pietrain malignant hyperthermia (MH)-susceptible pigs (n = 102) were subjected to halothane (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) in oxygen. The number of pigs in each group exhibiting muscle rigidity (MH(+) reaction) and the reaction times were recorded, as were the number of deaths resulting from MH. Mortality was not affected by the halothane concentration. However, halothane concentration did markedly affect the number of MH(+) reactions and the reaction times. False-negative reactions were apparent in the pigs at halothane concentrations less than 3%. Increasing the halothane concentration incrementally to 5% (from 0%) significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased reaction times between treatment groups. The reductions in reaction times which occurred in the pigs given the 3%, 4%, and 5% halothane concentrations (62.1, 56.2, and 50.05)--although significant (P less than 0.05)--would indicate that 3% halothane would generally be sufficient for MH testing.
Am J Vet Res 1984 Sep
PMID:Halothane testing for malignant hyperthermia in swine: dose-response effects. 649 30

The rigidity of lag-screw fixation of experimental tibial fractures was tested in 27 anatomic specimens. Spiral osteotomies with a 60 degree angle of ascent were produced using a Gigli saw. Three screws with an axial force of 100 kp were inserted at 90 degree, 80 degree, or 70 degree of longitudinal inclination. The 70 degree group was stable in axial compression up to 88 kp and the 80 degree group up to 151 kp. Rigidity in bending was 50% in the 70 degree and 80 degree groups and 27% in the 90 degree group, while rigidity in torsion was 20% as compared with the intact bone. Screws tightened with 50 kp and 150 kp showed increased rigidity as axial screw force increased. There were only small gains in torsion and bending, whereas there was a 200% gain in compression. This confirms the view that in long spiral fractures of the tibia three lag screws alone can maintain sufficient stability to permit early limb mobility. If the screws are inserted perpendicular to the bone, the high resistance to axial compression may permit early partial weight-bearing.
Clin Orthop Relat Res 1983 Sep
PMID:Rigidity of pure lag-screw fixation as a function of screw inclination in an in vitro spiral osteotomy. 688 71

We have examined the phenotypic expression of several parameters associated with malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptibility in three groups (homozygous normal, homozygous abnormal and heterozygous) of Yorkshire/Duroc swine genotyped by a mutation in the ryanodine receptor. Subgroups of homozygous abnormals were classified further by the appearance or absence of muscle rigidity on prolonged in vivo challenge with halothane and suxamethonium. Four swine heterozygous for the proposed MH mutation were indistinguishable from five homozygous normal swine in temperature, heart rate, lactate concentrations, base excess and pH determined during the prolonged halothane and suxamethonium challenge. Resting creatine kinase concentrations, the in vivo barnyard challenge, the in vitro contracture response of skeletal muscle to 3% halothane and the threshold for Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release were also similar for subgroups of homozygous normals and heterozygotes. Therefore, inheritance of only one allele carrying the defect in the ryanodine receptor does not significantly alter phenotypes associated with MH susceptibility in this strain of swine. As four swine homozygous for the proposed MH defect did not exhibit rigidity and three of these had no other signs of MH on prolonged halothane and suxamethonium challenge, we conclude that the reported mutation in the ryanodine receptor may be necessary, but is not sufficient, for consistently eliciting the malignant hyperthermia syndrome. These findings suggest that a modulator of the syndrome may explain variability within individuals in human MH.
Br J Anaesth 1993 Sep
PMID:Phenotypes associated with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility in swine genotyped as homozygous or heterozygous for the ryanodine receptor mutation. 839 25

Antidepressant drugs are among the most commonly encountered causes of self-poisoning. These drugs include tricyclics, tetracyclics, bicyclics and monocyclics, as well as monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Of these, the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are generally more toxic in overdose, with major toxicity usually manifesting within the first 6 hours after overdose. Various studies indicate that patients at risk of toxicity from TCA overdose may be identified by neurological, cardiovascular and electrocardiography status, together with a quantitative estimate of the plasma drug concentration. While there are various methods available for such chemical estimations, the most satisfactory appears to be fluorescence polarisation immunoassay which gives rapid quantitative results for a variety of TCAs. The selective MAO-A inhibitor antidepressants and the SSRIs are relatively nontoxic when taken alone. However, overdoses of combinations of MAO inhibitors and either SSRIs or TCAs with serotonin reuptake blocking activity may result in a serotonin syndrome with a severe or fatal outcome. Features of this syndrome include hyperpyrexia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, convulsions, coma and muscle rigidity, which may not develop until 6 to 12 hours after overdose. While quantitative chemical identification of these drugs following overdose is helpful in confirming the diagnosis, it is not mandatory. The increasing use of MAO-A inhibitors and SSRIs in the treatment of depression suggests that careful clinical observation is required when combination overdoses are suspected.
Clin Pharmacokinet 1995 Sep
PMID:Antidepressant toxicity and the need for identification and concentration monitoring in overdose. 852 78


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