Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026837 (muscle rigidity)
 1,077 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cases of black widow (Latrodectus indistinctus) and brown widow (L. geometricus) spider bites referred to the Tygerberg Pharmacology and Toxicology Consultation Centre from the summer of 1987/88 to the summer of 1991/92 were entered into this series. Of a total of 45 patients, 30 had been bitten by black and 15 by brown widow spiders. It was evident that black widow spider bites caused a more severe form of envenomation than brown widow bites, characterised by generalised muscle pain and cramps, abdominal muscle rigidity, profuse sweating, raised blood pressure and tachycardia. The symptoms and signs of brown widow bites were mild and tended to be restricted to the bite site and surrounding tissues. Conditions which should be considered in the differential diagnosis include cytotoxic spider bite, scorpion sting, snakebite, acute abdominal conditions, myocardial infarction, alcohol withdrawal and organophosphate poisoning. To prevent the development of complications, the administration of black widow spider antivenom is recommended in severe cases because untreated latrodectism could become protracted, without improvement, for several days.
 ...
PMID:Black and brown widow spider bites in South Africa. A series of 45 cases. 821 56

A case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) in a 23 year old male patient is reported. The symptoms were hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, change in mental status, sinus tachycardia, creatinine phosphokinase elevation and myoglobinuria. The patient suffered from severe muscle pain and compromised respiratory function. Treatment was cessation of neuroleptic medication and institution of intensive medical care focusing on symptomatic treatment. One week after admission clinical status and laboratory findings were normalized and the patient was readmitted to a psychiatric hospital. The neuroleptic medication of the reported patient had been olanzapine during seven months at a dose of 25 mg daily. The day before onset of NMS the pharmacological treatment was supplemented by 100 mg of clozapine. The cause of onset of NMS in this case is discussed. Clozapine, an atypical neuroleptic, is known to have reduced potential to cause NMS and in such cases without extrapyramidal symptoms. Olanzapine, however, has not yet been reported to cause NMS. Alternatively the cause of onset of NMS in this patient could be explained by the combination treatment and possible synergistic effect of the two antipsychotic drugs. Further research in this field is needed.
 ...
PMID:[Neuroleptic malignant syndrome after treatment with olanzapine]. 1008 53

Drug-induced hyperthermia is one condition that anesthesiologists may meet even though it is uncommon, it is life threatening. We report 3 cases of patients at Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University who developed drug-induced hyperthermia and rhabdomyolysis from different mechanisms. In two of them, the diagnosis was suspected malignant hyperthermia. Rigidity, hyperthermia and tachyarrhythmia developed just after inhalation induction (halothane and sevoflurane) and intubation with succinylcholine. The other case was the result of amphetamine abuse. He also had received both succinylcholine and inhalation agent (isoflurane) but no obvious signs or symptoms were detected during anesthesia. He developed a gradual increase in fever over 13 hours post operation and complained of muscle pain (with leg muscle cramps). All of them showed a marked increase in muscle enzymes and had rhabdomyolysis. As a result of early detection and early manangement, these three patients survived without any permanent damage to vital organs. We conclude that Thai anesthesiologists should be more aware and alert to drug-induced hyperthermia especially as nowadays many teenagers abuse stimulant drugs and "triggering" drugs as antidepressant or serotonin reuptake inhibitors are prescribed more frequently. Early detection and management will decrease morbidity and mortality.
 ...
PMID:Drug-induced hyperthermia and rhabdomyolysis during the perioperative period: report of three patients. 1245 25

We report a case of malignant catatonia initially diagnosed as neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) that responded successfully to diazepam administration. A 29-year-old man with mental retardation was admitted to our hospital because of high fever, muscle pain, and consciousness disturbance. Fifteen days before admission, he had developed muscle pain and weakness in his legs. He presented with fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, elevated blood pressure, excessive sweating, and neurological findings of lethargy and severe muscle rigidity in the neck and extremities. Laboratory findings included elevated serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level. His clinical features and the laboratory test results fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for NMS. He was treated for NMS with dantrolene sodium and bromocriptine mesylate for 2 weeks; however, there was no improvement. Therefore, treatment was changed to diazepam administration because of suspected malignant catatonia. One week after initiation of diazepam administration, his symptoms gradually improved, and the serum CPK level normalized. The diagnosis of malignant catatonia was confirmed because treatment with diazepam was dramatically effective, whereas the initial treatment for NMS was not beneficial. The clinical presentation of malignant catatonia is similar to that of NMS. Indeed, some authors have described NMS as a variant of malignant catatonia. If treatment is refractory in cases of NMS, malignant catatonia may be suspected, and changing treatment to diazepam administration may be useful.
 ...
PMID:[Diazepam-responsive malignant catatonia in a patient with an initial clinical diagnosis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a case report]. 2151 31

Cases of Haff disease, a syndrome of severe myalgia and rhabdomyolysis, have been reported after eating cooked fish in Europe and the US. A retrospective review of US cases was conducted to identify seafood vectors, describe presenting manifestations, and compare the Haff disease toxidrome with other seafood-borne toxidromes. Internet search engines were queried to identify all US reports of Haff disease. The case definition of Haff disease required cooked seafood ingestion history within 24 hours and markedly elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) with CK-muscle/brain (MB) fraction < 5 percent. Twenty-six cases of Haff disease were reported in the US over 30 years, 1984-2014, with spring-summer occurrences. The mean age of cases was 54.8 years without gender difference. Most cases (58 percent) followed consumption of cooked buffalo fish, Ictiobus cyprinellus, (n = 15); other cases followed consumption of boiled crayfish in Louisiana (n = 9) and baked salmon in North Carolina (n = 2). California and Louisiana accounted for most cases (n = 18, p = 0.012). Following mean incubation periods of eight hours; the most common presenting manifestations included vomiting, myalgia, muscle rigidity, chest pain mimicking myocardial infarction, diaphoresis, dyspnea, and brown urine indicating myoglobinuria. Most patients recovered within 2-5 days. Haff disease may follow the consumption of freshwater buffalo fish, freshwater crayfish, and saltwater Atlantic salmon. The bioconcentration of a new, unidentified heat-stable, freshwater and/or brackish/saltwater algal myotoxin in seafood, similar to palytoxin, is suspected of causing Haff disease. Experimental animals fed toxic buffalo fish developed rhabdomyolysis with myoglobinuria.
 ...
PMID:Don't be Half-Educated About Haff Disease in Louisiana. 2597 48

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a hypermetabolic disorder of skeletal muscle triggered almost exclusively by potent inhalational agents and suxamethonium. Signs of an MH reaction are non-specific and may be confused with the presentation of other problems such as sepsis and overheating of a patient. A high index of suspicion is needed to be aware of an early presentation of MH. Nine patients are presented who showed abnormal signs with an earlier anaesthetic where the possible diagnosis of an MH reaction was missed. These patients either presented later with an MH reaction, confirmed by DNA analysis and in some cases in vitro contracture testing, or were diagnosed by the identification of a causative mutation confirming MH susceptibility. The MH clinical grading scale is helpful in determining the likelihood that clinical indicators indicate a possible MH reaction. Masseter muscle rigidity is a known sign of MH, confirmed in this report by positive in vitro contracture testing and DNA analysis. Several uncommon muscle disorders have a high association with MH, and postoperative myalgia unrelated to suxamethonium can be a sign which is associated with MH. These reports emphasise the importance of a thorough family history (as the MH status was known by the family in four patients), a high index of suspicion for MH, and documentation of the possibility of MH susceptibility in the anaesthesia record.
 ...
PMID:Evidence of malignant hyperthermia in patients administered triggering agents before malignant hyperthermia susceptibility identified: missed opportunities prior to diagnosis. 2913 81