Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026837 (muscle rigidity)
 1,077 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alfentanil mask anaesthesia was performed in 63 patients undergoing termination of pregnancy or curettage. Three different types of premedication were used: a) pethidine, promethazine, and atropine; b) diazepam and atropine; c) atropine. The patients were ventilated either with nitrous oxide and oxygen or with halothane and oxygen. Halothane reduced the frequency of muscular rigidity (32%; N2O 75%), postoperative sickness, and vomiting (23%; N2O 50%). On the other hand, patients regained consciousness earlier if nitrous oxide was used. Premedication a) also reduced the frequency of nausea and emesis (21%; other premedications 63%).-Alfentanil intubation anaesthesia was performed in 52 patients undergoing laparoscopy. Premedication and inhalation anaesthetic varied as described above in the group with mask anaesthesia. Muscular rigidity did not occur, and nausea/emesis were rare events (8%). Halothane prolonged the recovery phase of consciousness and respiration. Premedication a) also resulted in respiratory depression.
 ...
PMID:[Influence of various premedication agents, inhalation anesthetics and adjuvants on anesthesia with an opioid, alfentanyl]. 286 27

The behaviour of 48 children ranging from weeks to eight years was observed and compared after four different anaesthesia methods. Either ethrane or halothane was used with or without induction with ketamine i.m. (5 mg/kg bodyweight). Restlessness, the depth of postanaesthetic sleep, shivering, muscle rigidity and vomiting were evaluated every 15 min. up to one hour postoperatively using a graduation from 1--4. Ketamine combined with halothane showed significantly less postoperative restlessness than all other methods. No statistically proven differences were seen in the other criteria, which were noticed more than once. The psychic effects as well as the practical clinical application of this method are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Steal-induction with ketamine in childhood: comparison of the postanaesthetic period (author's transl)]. 746 56

The most venomous scorpion species are Buthotus tamulus of India, the Leiurus quinquestriatus and Androctonus crassicauda of North Africa and the Middle East, the Tityus serrulatus of Brazil, and the Centruroides suffussus of Mexico. The severity of scorpion envenomation varies with the scorpion's species, age, and size, and is much greater in children. Systemic intoxication reflects the overstimulation of the CNS, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Severity ranges from local pain and paresthesia to fatal cardiotoxicity and encephalopathy. Symptoms include: agitation, tachycardia, vomiting, abdominal pain, salivation, diaphoresis, dehydration, muscle rigidity and twitching, tremor, seizures, coma, pupillary changes, hyperthermia, tachyarrythmias and occasionally bradyarrhythmias, hypertension, and less often hypotension, cardiac failure, and priapism in males. Laboratory abnormalities include: hyperglycemia, leucocytosis, transient elevation of cardiac and pancreatic enzymes, ischemic changes in the ECG, and evidence of cardiac dysfunction on echocardiography. The principles of management are: observation, cardiac monitoring, supportive treatment with intravenous fluids and electrolytes, and a meticulous use of cardiovascular agents: vasodilators, adrenergic antagonists, or calcium channel blockers in the hypertensive phase; and inotropic agents in the event of hypotension. Antiarrhythmics such as lidocaine, may be required. There is increasing evidence for the efficacy of specific antivenom. The advance in supportive care and antivenom efficacy has markedly improved the outcome of patients with scorpion envenomation.
 ...
PMID:Clinical manifestations and management of scorpion envenomation. 1044 63

A 27-year-old robust man, without any medical and surgical history, attempted to commit suicide by consumption of 300 cc (44.1%, 132.3 g) basagran, a readily available herbicide. This poisoning resulted in vomiting, fever, sweating, pipe-like muscle rigidity, sinus tachycardia, drowsiness, leukocytosis, rhabdomyolysis and hepatorenal damage. Emperical treatment with bromocriptine was temporally associated with resolution of above signs and symptoms. His clinical presentations and the effect of bromocriptine may be indicative that basagran poisoning mimicks neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Acute basagran poisoning mimicking neuroleptic malignant syndrome. 1046 61

A 42-year-old man came to our emergency room hyperthermic (oral temperature, 42.4 degrees C), diaphoretic, and delirious. Other findings included labile blood pressure, sinus tachycardia (heart rate, 138/min), tachypnea (respiratory rate 34/min), muscle rigidity, and incontinence. Two days earlier, he had gone to a local clinic with complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Promethazine was prescribed, and this was the patient's only medication on admission. Laboratory studies showed leukocytosis, hypernatremia, metabolic acidosis, elevated creatinine phosphokinase level, elevated transaminase levels, azotemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and myoglobulinuria. The clinical and laboratory findings were characteristic of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome, with promethazine as the offending agent.
 ...
PMID:Neuroleptic malignant syndrome due to promethazine. 1054 78

A case of fatal suicidal bentazon poisoning is presented along with a description of the different analytical methods involved. A 56-year-old farmer was examined by the family doctor 1 h after voluntarily ingesting 500 mL of FIGHTER (bentazon, 480 g/L water). He presented a Glasgow score of 15, polypnea, diarrhea, and vomiting. During transport by ambulance to the hospital, he tossed, sweated, and suddenly presented breathing difficulty followed by heart failure. Tracheal intubation was impossible (H1.5) despite use of different diameter cannulas because of extreme general muscle rigidity. All attempts at resuscitation failed, and the patient died within 2 h postingestion. Blood and urine samples were taken just before death. General basic and neutral drug screening by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detection and gas chromatography-nitrogen-phosphorus detection showed no strychnine or other drugs or toxics except for citalopram (< 0.1 mg/L) and bentazon, but this weak acidic molecule (pKa3.3) was badly extracted in alkaline conditions. Plasma and urine levels, measured after acidic extraction, protein precipitation, or simple dilution, were 1500 and 1000 mg/L, respectively. Bentazon (M.W. 240) was confirmed by its basic mass spectrum (ESI-, m/z 239, 197, 175, 132) or by that of methylated derivative (El+, m/z 254, 212, 175). An hydroxylated metabolite (ESI-, m/z 255, 213, 191, 148; El+, m/z 284, 242, 163) and the N1-glucuronide conjugate of bentazon (ESI-, m/z 415, 239) were also detected in urine. (Quantitation ions are underlined.) This first case of bentazon poisoning with available analytical data revealed the high toxicity of this compound after large dose ingestion with early and heavy symptoms such as muscle rigidity probably related to muscular toxicity. Comparison with another nonfatal case and with toxicological data on animals is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Fatal acute poisoning by bentazon. 1267 7

Three women in labor for whom epidural analgesia was contraindicated--2 with sepsis (pylonephritis and chorioamnionitis) and 1 with sacral agenesia--were provided intravenous analgesia with propofol (0.4-1.2 mg/kg/h) and remifentanil (0.033-0.1 microgram/kg/min plus boluses of 20 micrograms controlled by the patient) with oxygen supplementation. Heart rate, noninvasive blood pressure, maternal oxygen saturation and fetal heart rate were monitored. Maternal satisfaction, quality of analgesia, maternal side effects (sedation, depression, breathing, muscle rigidity, nausea, and vomiting) and fetal side effects (heart rate variability and Apgar score) were evaluated. We conclude that in cases where epidural analgesia is contraindicated, intravenous perfusion of low doses of propofol and remifentanil can provide a valid alternative for analgesia during labor.
 ...
PMID:[3 cases of sedation and analgesia using propofol and remifentanil for labor]. 1460 71

Remifentanil is a potent mu-opioid receptor agonist and has some unique pharmacokinetic characteristics compared to other anilidopiperidine opioids (e.g. fentanyl, alfentanil, and sufentanil). As remifentanil is metabolised rapidly by nonspecific esterases that are widespread throughout the plasma and tissuses, its duration of action is very short. It is cleared very rapidly, and its clearance is not affected by renal and hepatic function. The context-sensitive half-time of remifentanil remains consistently short, even after administration for a long time. Consequently, emergence is quick even after anesthesia of long duration. As other piperidine opioids, remifentnil has some adverse effects such as respiratory depression, muscle rigidity, bradycardia, and nausea as well as vomiting. Because of the rapid dissipation of analgesic effect following remifentanil discontinuation, postoperative analgesia should be provided before or soon after anesthesia using longer-acting opioid analgesics, non-opioid analgesics, or local as well as regional anesthesia.
 ...
PMID:[Remifentanil]. 1685 41

Medications which bind to opioid receptors are increasingly being prescribed for the treatment of multiple and diverse chronic painful conditions. Their use for acute pain or terminal pain is well accepted. Their role in the long-term treatment of chronic noncancer pain is, however, controversial for many reasons. One of the primary reasons is the well-known phenomenon of psychological addiction that can occur with the use of these medications. Abuse and diversion of these medications is a growing problem as the availability of these medications increases and this public health issue confounds their clinical utility. Also, the extent of their efficacy in the treatment of pain when utilized on a chronic basis has not been definitively proven. Lastly, the role of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain is also influenced by the fact that these potent analgesics are associated with a significant number of side effects and complications. It is these phenomena that are the focus of this review. Common side effects of opioid administration include sedation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, physical dependence, tolerance, and respiratory depression. Physical dependence and addiction are clinical concerns that may prevent proper prescribing and in turn inadequate pain management. Less common side effects may include delayed gastric emptying, hyperalgesia, immunologic and hormonal dysfunction, muscle rigidity, and myoclonus. The most common side effects of opioid usage are constipation (which has a very high incidence) and nausea. These 2 side effects can be difficult to manage and frequently tolerance to them does not develop; this is especially true for constipation. They may be severe enough to require opioid discontinuation, and contribute to under-dosing and inadequate analgesia. Several clinical trials are underway to identify adjunct therapies that may mitigate these side effects. Switching opioids and/or routes of administration may also provide benefits for patients. Proper patient screening, education, and preemptive treatment of potential side effects may aid in maximizing effectiveness while reducing the severity of side effects and adverse events. Opioids can be considered broad spectrum analgesic agents, affecting a wide number of organ systems and influencing a large number of body functions.
 ...
PMID:Opioid complications and side effects. 1844 35

Parkinson's disease, the most common neurological disorder in the elderly, is characterized by progressive extrapyramidal motor dysfunction including resting tremors, muscle rigidity, hypolocomotion (bradykinesia and akinesia) and postural instability. Various non-motor features are also seen such as cognitive impairments (deficits in learning and memory) and mood disorders (depression and anxiety). While the 5-HT(1A) receptor has long been implicated in the pathogenesis and treatment of anxiety and depression, recent research has revealed new therapeutic roles for 5-HT(1A) receptors in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. These include the modulation of parkinsonian motor symptoms, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia, cognitive impairments and emesis. Thus, 5-HT(1A) agonists improve the various motor disorders associated with dopaminergic deficits, dyskinesia induced by chronic L-DOPA treatment, mood disturbances (anxiety and depression) and dopamine agonist-induced emesis. In addition, partial 5-HT(1A) agonists are expected to improve cognitive impairment in Parkinson's patients. These findings encourage research into new 5-HT(1A) receptor ligands, which will improve efficacy and/or ameliorate adverse reactions in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
 ...
PMID:Improving the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: A Novel Approach by Modulating 5-HT(1A) Receptors. 2342 44


1 2 Next >>