Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026837 (muscle rigidity)
 1,077 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ethanol (EtOH) withdrawal is characterized by a hyperexcitable state that includes anxiety, tremor, muscle rigidity and seizures. The present three experiments examined the effects of EtOH dependence and withdrawal on the acoustic startle response, an easily quantifiable measure of behavioral reactivity to exteroceptive stimuli. Two intensities of startle stimuli, 105 and 120 dB pulses, were presented to rats during chronic EtOH exposure and during EtOH withdrawal. Prepulse inhibition, which is a sensitive measure of sensorimotor gating processes associated with filtering sensory stimulation, was also assessed during chronic EtOH exposure and withdrawal. Prepulse inhibition was induced by the presentation of a weak 80 dB acoustic stimulus 100 ms prior to a 120 dB stimulus pulse. After 14 days of EtOH liquid diet administration the magnitude of responses elicited by 105 and 120 dB startle stimuli was less in ethanol-treated subjects during continued EtOH access than in animals fed a control liquid diet. When EtOH liquid diet treatment was continued for an additional 3-day period and animals were tested 8 h after withdrawal from EtOH, withdrawn animals were more reactive to startle stimuli at both intensities than were animals maintained on the EtOH liquid diet. A time-course experiment with repeated startle testing at 4, 8, and 12 h post-EtOH exposure revealed significant increases in responding to the 105 dB startle intensity at 8 h post-EtOH exposure. The ability of animals to respond to a prepulse stimulus was not affected during chronic EtOH treatment, but was reduced during withdrawal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Responding to acoustic startle during chronic ethanol intoxication and withdrawal. 157 Mar 82

Malignant hyperthermia is a rare syndrome that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals who are exposed to frequently used inhalation anesthetics. The disorder is most common in children and young adults. It is triggered through a defect in the ability of skeletal muscles to concentrate and release calcium. Signs of malignant hyperthermia include hypercarbia, muscle rigidity and tachycardia. Temperature elevation is often a late sign of the syndrome. Treatment begins with stopping all inhaled anesthetics at the earliest sign of the syndrome. The use of dantrolene has significantly reduced mortality from malignant hyperthermia. No simple screening test exists. Family members or those with a suspicious history need to be counseled and should consider muscle biopsy and testing prior to surgery.
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PMID:Malignant hyperthermia. 157 19

A 47-year-old woman with diabetic gastroparesis, on treatment with domperidone, a dopamine-receptor antagonist, was admitted to the hospital in coma, with high blood pressure and nonreactive pupils. She then developed high fever. Her condition progressively worsened for two days, when muscle rigidity was noted and creatine phosphokinase was greater than 2000 U/liter. A diagnosis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome was made, and the patient was given dantrolene with prompt and complete resolution of all signs and symptoms. Subsequent inquiry revealed a distant past history of positive muscle biopsy for malignant hyperthermia, obtained after the diagnosis had been made in a family member. This case suggests that domperidone may induce neuroleptic malignant syndrome and that patients with malignant hyperthermia are at increased risk for this complication.
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PMID:Neuroleptic malignant syndrome induced by domperidone. 158 2

In humans genetically predisposed to malignant hyperthermia, anesthesia can induce skeletal muscle rigidity, hypermetabolism, and high fever, which, if not immediately reversed, can lead to tissue damage or death. The corresponding condition in swine leads to stress-induced deaths and devalued meat products. Abnormalities in the Ca2+ release channel of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (the ryanodine receptor) have been implicated in the cause of both the porcine and human syndromes by physiological and biochemical studies and genetic linkage analysis. In swine, a single founder mutation in the ryanodine receptor gene (RYR1) can account for all cases of malignant hyperthermia in all breeds, but a series of different RYR1 mutations are likely to be uncovered in human families with MH. Moreover, lack of linkage between malignant hyperthermia and RYR1 in some families indicates a heterogeneous genetic basis for the human syndrome.
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PMID:Malignant hyperthermia. 158 59

The effects of morphine D-Pen2, D-Pen5 enkephalin (DPDPE) and U50,488H on the behavioural syndrome elicited by the dopamine (DA) D-2 agonist quinpirole, were investigated. Morphine (1, 5 and 15 mg/kg SC) and morphine administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV) (2 x 5 microliters, 10(-3) M; total dose = 10 nmol) produced piloerection and sedation. DPDPE-ICV (2 x 5 microliters and 2 x 10 microliters, 10(-3) M; total doses = 10 and 20 nmol) produced piloerection and sedation similar to morphine. U50,488H (1 mg/kg SC) induced locomotor activity and some stereotyped behaviour, whereas U50,488H (5 and 10 mg/kg SC) induced muscle rigidity and dystonic-like movements. The locomotor and behavioural response elicited by quinpirole (3 mg/kg IP) was attenuated in guinea-pigs pretreated with morphine (1, 5 and 15 mg/kg SC), morphine-ICV (2 x 5 microliters, 10(-3) M), and DPDPE-ICV (2 x 5 microliters and 2 x 10 microliters, 10(-3) M). These effects were reversed by naloxone (15 mg/kg SC). U50,488H (1 mg/kg SC) increased the quinpirole-induced locomotor activity, whereas U50,488H (5 and 10 mg/kg SC) decreased the locomotor activity and stereotyped behaviours produced by quinpirole. These results indicate that the gross behavioural effects of mu, delta and kappa opioids differ in guinea-pigs compared to other rodent species, and suggest differential involvement of these opioid receptor subtypes with DA D-2 receptor-mediated activity.
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PMID:Morphine, D-Pen2, D-Pen5 enkephalin and U50,488H differentially affect the locomotor activity and behaviours induced by quinpirole in guinea-pigs. 160 3

In addition to producing antinociception and mild sedation, opiates diminish spontaneous movement and produce muscle rigidity. Examination of the relationship between different opiate effects may lead to a better understanding of the mechanism and sites of action of opiate anesthesia. Previous studies have compared the dose-effect relationships for morphine and fentanyl between antinociception and loss of righting reflex. However, neither muscle rigidity nor lack of spontaneous movement (as measured by catalepsy) has been fully examined or directly compared with either antinociception or loss of righting reflex. This study, therefore, compared five clinically relevant opiate endpoints (antinociception, muscle rigidity, catalepsy, loss of righting reflex, and respiratory depression) using the mu-selective agonist alfentanil in the spontaneously ventilating rat. Rats were randomized to receive alfentanil (0-500 micrograms/kg) subcutaneously. For muscle rigidity, 59 rats had electromyographic activity measured with percutaneous hindlimb electrodes. After alfentanil injection, electromyographic data were recorded for 60 min. For antinociception and catalepsy, 49 rats were studied for 120 min after alfentanil. Catalepsy was measured from the time the rat's forelimbs were placed on a 10-cm-high bar until either limb was removed. Antinociception was studied by measuring tail-flick response to hot (55 degrees C) water. For righting reflex, 40 rats were studied for 120 min. Alfentanil-induced respiratory depression was assessed in 40 rats with indwelling tail arterial catheters. Alfentanil was administered after baseline arterial blood gas measurements, and then additional samples were obtained for 45 min. For each effect, data were converted into quantal responses and were then transformed to probit-log dose-response curves for analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Elucidation of dose-effect relationships for different opiate effects using alfentanil in the spontaneously ventilating rat. 160 89

The authors evaluated whether alfentanil could be given before treatment procedures in critically ill mechanically ventilated neonates without adverse effects. Alfentanil (mean dose 11.7 micrograms/kg, range 9-15) was given intravenously to 20 mechanically ventilated critically ill newborn infants (mean birth weight 2510 g, range 1490-3990) during the first 3 days of life before treatment procedures. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, transcutaneous partial pressure of O2, respiratory rate, and general activity were observed continuously from 10 min before the administration of alfentanil until 1 h after it. Plasma alfentanil concentrations were measured in 15 subjects. The pharmacokinetics of alfentanil varied greatly among the subjects. The hemodynamic changes were not clinically significant, and the most important side effect was muscle rigidity. Nine infants had mild or moderate rigidity, which had little or no effect on ventilation. Four infants had severe rigidity and jerking comparable to convulsive activity, transiently impairing ventilation and oxygenation for approximately 5-10 min. Increased inspired oxygen and increased pressure by manual ventilation were needed to prevent hypoxemia. Electroencephalographic recordings for three infants during alfentanil administration showed no evidence of increased seizure activity. We conclude that alfentanil should not be used for newborn infants without simultaneous muscle relaxation because of the danger of rigidity.
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PMID:Alfentanil-induced rigidity in newborn infants. 163 39

The purpose of the present study was to determine if the in vivo neurobehavioral effects of the morphinan 14-beta-methyl 8-oxacyclorphan, [BC (3016)], would reflect the kappa agonist activity found in our previous in vitro studies. The effects of intracisternal administration of various doses (10-80 micrograms) of BC (3016) on body temperature, muscle rigidity, nociception of thermal, chemical and mechanical stimuli as well as its ability to induce catalepsy were examined. The effects of intrathecal administration of the same doses of the compound on reactivity of animals to a thermal stimulus were also assessed. Finally, the ability of BC (3016) to antagonize well known neurobehavioral effects of morphine was investigated. Results indicate that the analgesic properties of BC (3016) resemble those of typical kappa agonists: Intracisternal administration of the drug failed to affect nociception to an aversive thermal stimulus but markedly reduced the reactivity of animals subjected to noxious chemical or mechanical stimuli. On the other hand, intrathecal administration of BC (3016) significantly attenuated nociception of animals to a thermal stimulus. The in vivo neurobehavioral effects of BC (3016) appear to be kappa selective since the drug did not decrease body temperature, increase muscular tone or induce catalepsy, three effects generally attributed to mu agonists. Furthermore, BC (3016) antagonized the immobility, trunk rigidity, catalepsy and analgesia induced by morphine. In summary, the present results reveal that BC (3016) displays a profile of neurobehavioral effects similar to that of well known kappa agonists.
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PMID:Neurobehavioral evidence for kappa agonist activity of the morphinan derivative 14-beta-methyl 8-oxacyclorphan [BC (3016)]. 167 75

We describe the clinical features of parkinsonism in 25 patients whose age of onset was under 40 years. Among them, 17 patients, whose age of onset was after their 21st birthday, were classified as young onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD), and the remaining 8 whose age of onset was before their 21st birthday were classified as juvenile parkinsonism (JP). Rigidity and akinesia were revealed in all 25 patients. Resting tremor was observed in only 5 patients; 3 in the YOPD group and 2 in the JP group. There were 8 of the 25 patients (32%) who experienced an aching sensation in the leg before or at the onset of the parkinsonian features. In 6 of these 8 cases, the sensory symptoms were on the same side where the clinical manifestations of parkinsonism later developed. In the JP group, 2 patients had right foot dystonia, which improved with levodopa. Diurnal fluctuations in parkinsonian symptoms were found in 9 of the 25 cases. The familial incidence of parkinsonism was higher in the JP group. The parkinsonian disabilities in all 25 cases responded dramatically to levodopa therapy. Unfortunately, 10 cases, 5 in the YOPD group and 5 in the JP group, developed dyskinesia. The longer they took levodopa, the greater the chance of developing dyskinesia. The cumulative percentage of dyskinesia was 100% in the YOPD group and 83% in the JP group by the seventh and fourth year of treatment, respectively. A positive correlation was found between the prevalence of dyskinesia and the duration of treatment in both groups.
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PMID:Early onset parkinsonism in Chinese. 168 78

A case of NMS was reported. NMS is an uncommon but potentially lethal complication of treatment with neuroleptics. The diagnosis of NMS should seriously be considered in any individual receiving neuroleptic medications who develops unexplained fever associated with muscle rigidity. The discontinuation of neuroleptics and the use of general supportive measures are crucial. On the basis of more rapid clinical response, either bromocriptine or dantrolene could be added to traditional supportive care.
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PMID:Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a report of a case and review of the literature. 168 80


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