Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026837 (muscle rigidity)
 1,077 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to clarify the morphological details of the unit structures in the macromolecular layer (MML) of the bacterial cell wall, ghost cells of Bacillus aneurinolyticus were observed with the electron microscope in the negatively stained specimens. The unit structures usually showed a ring image with the central dot of PTA-deposit or an image of paired rodlets sandwiching a stripe of PTA-deposit between them even in the same wall. The author concluded from these images that an unit structure must be a cylindrical body with a central canal. Then, a new name "unit cylinder" was given to it. Rough measurements of the unit cylinder were also performed. Rigidity and elasticity of the cell wall were considered as based upon the morphological features and the array pattern of the unit cylinders. Therefore, the MML was regarded as a skeleton structure of the cell body. Besides, the MML consisting of the unit cylinders with central canals was considered to be an ultra-micro-filter from the viewpoint of metabolism in bacterial physiology.
 ...
PMID:Unit structures of macromolecular layer in the cell wall of Bacillus aneurinolyticus. 5 Jun 78

Circular dichroism (CD) of serum alpha1-acid glycoprotein, urinary Bence Jones protein, human carbonic anhydrase B, deoxyribonuclease from bovine pancreas, porcine pepsinogen, and plasminogen from human serum was tested in the absence and presence of 0.005-0.05 M sodium dodecyl sulfate. It was found that in all cases the CD spectra of these proteins were modified by the dodecyl sulfate into spectra indicating the presence of a moderate content of alpha-helix. The transitions were enhanced by addition of acid (pH 2.1-4.4) in all cases tested. Comparison of the various proteins with respect to the amount of reconstruction of the main chain conformation showed that the amount of helix formed depended on the amino acid composition of the protein. Rigidity due to cross-linking by disulfide bridges is the strongest deterrant to the conformational change of the main chain. The CD bands of the native proteins in the 250-350 nm spectral zone were extinguished by sodium dodecyl sulfate, and new weak bands were observed the positions of which corresponded approximately to those of the native proteins. In all cases, except the carbonic anhydrase B, the bands of thus denatured proteins were negative.
 ...
PMID:Conformational transitions of non-helical proteins effected by dodecyl sulfate. Circular dichroism of alpha1-acid glycoprotein, Bence Jones protein, carbonic anhydrase B, deoxyribonuclease, pepsinogen, and plasminogen. 5 6

In addition to anamnestic and clinical data electrophysiological and pharmacokinetic investigations may be necessary for the diagnosis of stiff man syndrome. Continuous activity of motor units with superimposed bursts during muscular spasms was found by electromyography in the two patients reported. Rigidity and continuous activity disappears during sleep, after i.v. application of Tubocurarine and Diazepam, during Thiopenal anesthesia and after neural block with Procaine. Dipropylacetate and Baclofen improved the condition but did not lead to complete relaxation. Biperidenlactat and Magnesiumlaevulinat have only a temporary effect on rigidity. Neostigmine, Phenytoine, Glycine, Dopa and 5-Hydroxy-Tryptophan had no effect. Passive shortening or stretching of the m. biceps brachii as well as touching the skin increased motor activity which spread to other segments and to the contralateral side. The H/M ratio was increased but the silent period was normal. A combination of Diazepam and Dipropylacetate or Clonazepam was therapeutically effective in the cases reported. A central genesis, of the pathogenetic mechanisms discussed, is the most probable in our cases.
 ...
PMID:Electrophysiological studies on the "stiff-man" syndrome. 7 57

The pharmacological profile of a new centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, xilobam, is described and compared to that of existing skeletal muscle relaxants. The potencyof xilobam, administered intravenously, is approximately ten times that of methocarbamol in the linguomandibular assay in the cat. When evaluated in the strychnin assay in the mouse, the potency of xilobam is approximately seven times that of chlorzoxazone and eleven tomes that of methocarbamol and five times that of metaxalone. In contrast to methocarbamol, xilobam exhibits little or no sedative activity and appears devoid of antianxiety properties. When administered to non-anesthetized dogs, xilobam and other centrally acting muscle relaxants, such as chlorzoxazone and methocarbamol, increased arterial pressure and heart rate. Mydraiasis, vocalization and muscle rigidity were concomitantly observed. These effects appear to be centrally induced. It is concluded that xilobam appears to be a potent centrally acting muscle relaxant which should not be sedating or anxiolytic in man.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacological profile of N-(2,6-DIMETHYLPHENYL)-N-(1-methyl-2pyrrolidinylidene)urea, xilobam, a new centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant. 9 99

In cats decerebrated by a midcollicular section, decerebrate rigidity developed that was not alleviated by phenytoin even in doses as great as 60 mg per kilogram. Chlorpromazine that depresses decerebrate rigidity in a dose-related fashion requires 1.5 to 2.0 mg per kilogram to exhibit an appreciable effect. In the presence of 20 mg per kilogram phenytoin, however, as little as 0.1 mg per kilogram chlorpromazine markedly reduces decerebrate rigidity. This drug combination did not impair neuromuscular transmission nor did it severely impair motor coordination in cats. Although phenytoin depressed muscle spindle discharges, this peripheral suppression was insufficient to abolish the rigidity. Phenytoin with or without chlorpromazine may be of value in suppressing muscle rigidity in some disorders of upper motor neuron lesions.
 ...
PMID:Suppression of decerebrate rigidity by phenytoin and chlorpromazine. 13 1

Five uraemic patients who developed progressive cardiac failure with clinical evidence of congestive cardiomyopathy at the start or during haemodialysis treatment were studied. The diagnosis of cardiomyopathy, for which there was no apparent cause, was confirmed by angiocardiographic and haemodynamic studies. These showed a significant increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume over normal values obtained in 12 patients without uraemia. The mean velocity of myocardial fibre shortening was significantly decreased, as was the index of normalised rigidity. Three of the five patients presented the complete picture of the disease. The other two also had considerable ventricular dilatation and a decreased index of normalised rigidity but normal ejection fraction and only moderately decreased myocardial contractility indices. This suggests that there may be primary involvement of normalised heart muscle rigidity followed by secondary changes in myocardial contractility in uraemic patients with congestive cardiomyopathy.
 ...
PMID:Congestive cardiomyopathy in uraemic patients on long term haemodialysis. 13 69

A nonhydrolyzable ATP analog, adenylyl imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP), has been used to study the role of ATP binding in flagellar motility. Sea urchin sperm of Lytechinus pictus were demembranated, reactivated, and locked in "rigor waves" by a modification of the method of Gibbons and Gibbons (11). Rigor wave sperm relaxed within 2 min after addition of 4 micrometer ATP, and reactivated upon addition of 10-12 micrometer ATP. The beat frequency of the reactivated sperm varied with ATP concentration according to Michaelis-Menten kinetics ("Km" = 0.24 mM; "Vmax" = 44 Hz) and was competitively inhibited by AMP-PNP (Ki" approximately to 8.1 mM). Rigor wave sperm were completely relaxed (straightened) within 2 min by AMP-PNP at concentrations of 2-4 mM. The possibilities that relaxation in AMP-PNP was a result of ATP contamination, AMP-PNP hydrolysis, or lowering of the free Mg++ concentration were conclusively ruled out. The results suggest that dynein cross-bridge release is dependent upon ATP binding but not hydrolysis.
 ...
PMID:Effects of adenylyl imidodiphosphate, a nonhydrolyzable adenosine triphosphate analog, on reactivated and rigor wave sea urchin sperm. 15 47

Two cases of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are reported in two men (49 and 75years old) who for one and four years respectively had sudden falling while walking. Rigidity of the neck was an carly feature that prgressed to involve the upper trunk while "subcortical dementia", dysarthria and dysphagia appeared. They had a complete paralysis of vertical eye movements and slow horizontal voluntary eye movements. Oculocephalic reflexes were intact. On caloric stimulation vestibulo-ocular responses were present but only slow saccadic eye movements were observed. With surface electrodes eye movements were studied during the REM phase of sleep. Our patients had both vertical and horizontal eye movements during paradoxal sleep. This findings is in keeping with a supranuclear ophtalmoplegia, and may help in antemorten diagnosis of PSP.
 ...
PMID:Progressive supranuclear palsy: report of two cases (author's transl). 18 May 89

These studies have been conducted on 40 dogs, twenty each of a genetically nervous strain and of a normal strain of short-haired pointers. The nervous strain after about age 3 months displays extreme hypervigilance, timidity, human avoidance, and often shows catatonic-like muscle rigidity when in the presence of humans or novel stimuli. Measurements of probenecid-induced accumulation of acid metabolites in cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been carried out. Among the compounds measured at from 1.5 hr to 6.0 hr after probenecid treatment, homovanillic acid (HVA) was similar for the two strains, 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) was lower, but cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) were higher for the nervous strain when compared with age- and sex-matched behaviorally normal dogs. Probenecid levels in CSF were similar at all points in time from 1.5 to 6.0 hr after its intravenous administration in a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. These findings coupled with previously observed differences in the two strains suggest that hyperresponsiveness of the central nervous system (CNS) noradrenergic and cholinergic systems and a hyporesponsiveness of the serotoninergic system are related to the genetically expressed aberrant behavior.
 ...
PMID:Probenecid-induced accumulation of cyclic nucleotides, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and homovanillic acid in cisternal spinal fluid of genetically nervous dogs. 18 58

in pig-farming, the use of neuroleptic agents in conditions causing stress has increased. In the meaty type pig, this stress gives rise to specific symptoms such as acidosis, hyperthermia and muscle rigidity. This will result in death before or an abnormal meat quality (PSE-meat) after slaughter. The symptoms may also be produced in these pigs by having them inhale halothane (Fluothane), the symptoms being rapidly reversible. The inhibitory effect of various neuroleptic agents of the group of butyrophenone and phenothiazine derivatives on the appearance and course of the above symptoms is discussed. The extent to which the quality of the meat and mortality during transport is affected following administration of these agents to slaughter pigs as well as the degree to which hypersensitivity reactions to halothane are reduced in young pigs serve as models. Finally, public health and ethical aspects relating to the use of neuroleptic agents in farm animals are examined more closely.
 ...
PMID:[Use of neuroleptic agents in modern pig-farming (author's transl)]. 23 4


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>