Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026827 (hypotonia)
 5,860 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alcohol is the most frequent and most important teratogenic agent causing mental and physical retardation in childhood. The alcohol fetal syndrome is characterized by pre- and postnatal growth retardation, hypotonia, hyperactivity, microcephalus, mental retardation and typical craniofacial malformations. The latter includes short palpebral fissures, a poorly developed philtrum, thin upper lip vermillion, short mandibles, a flattened midface structure and dysplastic ears. Ophthalmological signs occur in 90% and include epicanthus, ptosis, myopia, optic nerve hypoplasia and tortuous retinal vessels. Microphthalmus, coloboma and Peters' anomaly have also been described. Five children with alcohol embryopathy are presented. The histopathological findings of the enucleated eye of a 6th child with alcohol embryopathy which was sent to us for examination and which revealed an anterior staphyloma with Peters' anomaly is also described. Ophthalmologists should be aware of alcohol in pregnancy as a preventable cause of eye malformation.
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PMID:[Eye manifestations of fetal alcohol syndrome]. 158 39

Acute ingestion of ethanol induces vasodilation and swelling of respiratory mucosa; it depresses respiratory centers resulting in hypotonia of oropharyngeal dilator muscles and inducing or aggravating sleep apnea. However, no association between the sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) and Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) has been demonstrated.
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PMID:Alcohol and sleep apnea. 191 44

When the effects of nicotine consumption were statistically controlled, a significant association between maternal alcohol drinking during pregnancy and decreased muscle tone in the offspring was observed at 9 days but the effect had attenuated by 30 days.
J Stud Alcohol 1983 Mar
PMID:Relationships between moderate maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and infant neurological development. 664 11

We studied the effect of alcohol ingestion on sleep-induced breathing abnormalities and arterial oxyhaemoglobin saturation in seven patients with a range of sleep-induced upper airway occlusion. The characteristics of each patient's sleep-induced breathing abnormality was established on one or more control all-night studies, and then a further all-night study was done immediately following alcohol ingestion. Alcohol increased the duration and frequency of the occlusive episodes in five patients with obstructive sleep apnoea, and resulted in a marked increase in the degree of hypoxaemia in the first hour of sleep. In two patients with benign chronic snoring, alcohol induced frank obstructive sleep apnoea during the first hour of sleep. We suggest that the increased tendency to develop obstructive apnoea after alcohol is the result of alcohol-induced oropharyngeal muscle hypotonia, while the increased duration of obstructive apnea is the result of alcohol-induced depression of arousal mechanisms.
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PMID:Alcohol, snoring and sleep apnea. 707 45

The complex relationship between alcohol use and pregnancy involves socioeconomic, biomedical, psychological, and ethical factors. In recent years alcohol abuse on the part of women of childbearing age has been increasing steadily. Currently, a significant segment of the American population is at risk for an alcoholic pregnancy. Discussion includes a review of the literature concerning alcohol and pregnancy and covers the following: the symptomatology of fetal alcohol syndrome; prospective and epidemiologic human studies; animal models; etiology of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS); maternal aspects of alcoholism and pregnancy and associated risk factors; paternal drinking and the theory of germ cell damage; use of ethanol in obstetrics; prevention of FAS; and questions to be answered in the future. The Fetal Alcohol Study Group of the Research Society of Alcoholism has promulgated a list of minimal criteria that must be met before a diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) can be made. These criteria include prenatal and postnatal growth retardation and at least 2 of the following characteristic facial features: microcephaly, microopthalmia, and/or short palpebral fissures; and midfacial hypoplasia (defined as absent or rudimentary philtrum, thin vermilion border of upper lip, hypoplastic maxilla). The label "possible FAS" also is recommended if the criteria are not met, but congenital damage due to alcohol still is suspected. Virtually all infants with FAS have very low birth weights for their gestational age, usually at or below the third percentile. Body length and head circumference also are reduced to a similar degree. Mental retardation is the most debilitating and tragic aspect of this syndrome. Hyperactivity, hyperresponsiveness, hyperacusis, hypotonia, and tremulousness also are commonly described in FAS infants. Numerous studies involving large numbers of pregnant women have provided important data concerning the epidemiology and symptomatology of maternal alcohol use. All of these studies have been based on self reported use of alcohol, and the relationship of these reports to actual intake probably varies. Available prospective studies permit the estimation of the incidence of FAS in general and clarify to some extent the magnitude of risks an alcoholic woman has for giving birth to a defective child. Animal studies are very important in the study of alcohol and pregnancy because they provide an opportunity to control for variables that are seldom accounted for in human beings. One can control dosage and timing of ethanol administration, nutritional factors via pair feeding, and environment, and one can consider individual variation through cross strain comparisons.
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PMID:Pregnancy and alcohol. 1233 10

A retrospective analysis of cases of acute poisoning with cardiovascular drugs in the period from 1999 to 2002 has been carried out. A total of 72 poisoned patients was treated in the study period in the Lublin Regional Toxicological Centre. The poisoned were mostly women (69%), out of whom 76% were under 30. More than 66% were the cases of mixed poisoning, especially with antidepressant or sedative-hypnotic drugs. Alcohol poisoning was diagnosed in 28% of cases and it was statistically more frequent in men than in women (54.6% and 16.0%, respectively). Cardiovascular drugs were the most frequent cause of suicidal poisoning cases, i.e. beta-blockers were the cause of 40% poisoning cases, ACEI inhibitors--22%, and calcium channel blockers--19%. In 25 cases (in 18 women and 7 men) severe poisoning caused bradyarrhythmia or hypotonia which resulted in the death of 2 patients.
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PMID:[Analysis of cases of acute poisoning with cardiovascular drugs]. 1456 5

Introduction. Celiac plexus neurolysis is used in pain management of patients with advanced and unresectable pancreatic cancer. We retrospectively analyzed efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound- (EUS-) guided celiac plexus neurolysis in patients treated in our unit. Methods. Twenty nine subjects with unresectable pancreatic cancer and severe pain despite pharmacological treatment underwent EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis with 98% ethanol. Patients scored their pain according to a 0-10 point scale and were interviewed 1-2 weeks and 2-3 months after the procedure. Results. Twenty five (86%) patients reported improvement in their pain at 1-2 weeks following the procedure. Of these, 7 (24%) reported substantial improvement (decrease in pain by more than 50%) and 4 (14%) complete disappearance of pain. Pain relief was still present in 76% of patients after 2-3 months. Treatment-related side effects included hypotonia in 1 patient, severe pain immediately postprocedure in 2 patients, and short episodes of diarrhea in 3 patients. Conclusion. Endoscopic ultrasound- (EUS-) guided celiac plexus neurolysis is a safe and effective treatment of severe pain from advanced pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:The efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus neurolysis for treatment of pain in patients with pancreatic cancer. 2247 39