Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026827 (hypotonia)
 5,860 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a boy with truncus arteriosus, dysmorphic features, developmental delay, passing hypotonia, short segment Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), and paroxysmal hypoventilation. FISH analysis showed an interstitial deletion in chromosome band 22q11.2 coinciding with the deletions found in DiGeorge syndrome and velocardiofacial syndrome. Mutation scanning of RET, GDNF, EDNRB, and EDN3, genes associated with Hirschsprung disease, showed no aberrations. Since we know of two more patients with velocardiofacial syndrome and HSCR, we hypothesise that a gene responsible for proper development of the enteric nervous system may be included in the 22q11.2 region.
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PMID:A Hirschsprung disease locus at 22q11? 1020 49

Waardenburg syndrome type 4 (WS4), also called Shah-Waardenburg syndrome, is a rare neurocristopathy that results from the absence of melanocytes and intrinsic ganglion cells of the terminal hindgut. WS4 is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait attributable to EDN3 or EDNRB mutations. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant condition when SOX10 mutations are involved. We report on three unrelated WS4 patients with growth retardation and an as-yet-unreported neurological phenotype with impairment of both the central and autonomous nervous systems and occasionally neonatal hypotonia and arthrogryposis. Each of the three patients was heterozygous for a SOX10 truncating mutation (Y313X in two patients and S251X [corrected] in one patient). The extended spectrum of the WS4 phenotype is relevant to the brain expression of SOX10 during human embryonic and fetal development. Indeed, the expression of SOX10 in human embryo was not restricted to neural-crest-derived cells but also involved fetal brain cells, most likely of glial origin. These data emphasize the important role of SOX10 in early development of both neural-crest-derived tissues, namely melanocytes, autonomic and enteric nervous systems, and glial cells of the central nervous system.
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PMID:Neurological phenotype in Waardenburg syndrome type 4 correlates with novel SOX10 truncating mutations and expression in developing brain. 1076 40