Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026827 (hypotonia)
 5,860 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The congenital muscular dystrophies (CMD) constitute a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive myopathies. Patients show congenital hypotonia, muscle weakness, and dystrophic changes on muscle biopsy. Mutations in four genes (FKT1, POMGnT1, POMT1, FKRP) encoding putative glycosyltransferases have been identified in a subset of patients characterized by a deficient glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan on muscle biopsy. FKRP mutations account for a broad spectrum of patients with muscular dystrophy, from a severe congenital form with or without mental retardation (MDC1C) to a much milder limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD2I). We identified two novel homozygous missense FKRP mutations, one, A455D, in six unrelated Tunisian patients and the other, V405L, in an Algerian boy. The patients, between the ages of 3 and 12 years, presented with a severe form of MDC1C with calf hypertrophy and high serum creatine kinase levels. None had ever walked. Two had cardiac dysfunction and one strabismus. They all had mental retardation, microcephaly, cerebellar cysts, and hypoplasia of the vermis. White matter abnormalities were found in five, mostly when cranial magnetic resonance imaging was performed at a young age. These abnormalities were shown to regress in one patient, as has been observed in patients with Fukuyama CMD. Identification of a new microsatellite close to the FKRP gene allowed us to confirm the founder origin of the Tunisian mutation. These results strongly suggest that particular FKRP mutations in the homozygous state induce structural and clinical neurological lesions in addition to muscular dystrophy. They also relate MDC1C to other CMD with abnormal protein glycosylation and disordered brain function.
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PMID:New FKRP mutations causing congenital muscular dystrophy associated with mental retardation and central nervous system abnormalities. Identification of a founder mutation in Tunisian families. 1465 96

The congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) are a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous hereditary myopathies with preferentially autosomal recessive inheritance, that are characterized by congenital hypotonia, delayed motor development and early onset of progressive muscle weakness associated with dystrophic pattern on muscle biopsy. The clinical course is broadly variable and can comprise the involvement of the brain and eyes. From 1994, a great development in the knowledge of the molecular basis has occurred and the classification of CMDs has to be continuously up dated. In the last number of this journal, we presented the main clinical and diagnostic data concerning the different subtypes of CMD. In this second part of the review, we analyse the main reports from the literature concerning the pathogenesis and the therapeutic perspectives of the most common subtypes of CMD: MDC1A with merosin deficiency, collagen VI related CMDs (Ullrich and Bethlem), CMDs with abnormal glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan (Fukuyama CMD, Muscle-eye-brain disease, Walker Warburg syndrome, MDC1C, MDC1D), and rigid spine syndrome, another much rare subtype of CMDs not related with the dystrophin/glycoproteins/extracellular matrix complex.
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PMID:Congenital muscular dystrophy. Part II: a review of pathogenesis and therapeutic perspectives. 1954 38

Objective: To analyze the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) to improve the diagnostic level. Method: Clinical manifestations and thigh muscle MRI results of 8 cases of CMD diagnosed on genetic level from April 2013 to November 2015 were investigated. MRI was performed on the thigh muscles of all cases. Fatty infiltration of different muscles described in T1WI was graded to evaluate. Clinical symptoms and signs, as well as muscle MRI features were analyzed by statistical description. Result: Among these 8 cases, 2 cases were diagnosed with Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD), 1 case had rigid spine with muscular dystrophy type 1 (RSMD1), 1 case had LMNA related muscular dystrophy (L-CMD), 1 case had congenital muscular dystrophy 1C (MDC1C) and 3 cases had congenital muscular dystrophy 1A (MDC1A), with 4 were males and 4 females, aged from 0.9 year to 4.8 years (median age was 2.2 years). All of these 8 cases presented with muscle weakness and hypotonia from birth to within the first six months, together with delayed motor development and joint contractures. Some cases had spinal deformity or skin changes. Various degrees of fatty infiltration in gluteus maximus and thigh muscles were shown in all of the cases, and differences among CMD subtypes in the form of fatty infiltration were detected; muscle edema was present in 5 cases, and muscle atrophy in 7 cases. However, none of them has muscle hypertrophy. Semimembranous muscle absence was detected in 1 case. Conclusion: The clinical manifestations and thigh muscle MRI findings of CMD have some features, and vary in certain CMD subtypes. MRI examination combined with clinical features may provide useful information to select appropriate genetic or other diagnostic techniques, which may help clinicians to make accurate diagnosis.
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PMID:[Correlation between thigh muscle magnetic resonance imaging findings and clinical features of congenital muscular dystrophies: a preliminary study]. 2778 78

Congenital muscular dystrophy type 1C (MDC1C) is caused by the homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of the FKRP gene. This article reported the clinical and mutation features of a child with MDC1C. The boy aged 8 months visited the hospital due to delayed development. As for clinical manifestations, the boy could not turn over or sit stably by himself, and there was a significant reduction in muscle tension; biceps reflex in both upper extremities and patellar tendon reflex and Achilles tendon reflex in both lower extremities could not be induced. The boy also had a stereotyped facial expression and strabismus. Gene detection revealed c.350C>G and c.1303C>T compound heterozygous mutations in the FKRP gene. The c.350C>G mutation came from the mother and had been reported as a pathogenic missense mutation. The c.1303C>T mutation came from the father and was a new missense mutation, and a bioinformatics analysis showed that it might be a pathogenic mutation. The boy was diagnosed with MDC1C with reference to the clinical features of hypotonia and motor developmental delay and FKRP gene mutation sequencing.
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PMID:[Clinical features and FKRP mutations of congenital muscular dystrophy 1C]. 3021 31