Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026827 (hypotonia)
 5,860 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

3 cases of the 18q- syndrome, 2 boys and 1 girl, are presented, and a comparison with data from the literature is given. The following features are typical of the syndrome: short stature, mental retardation, muscular hypotonia, a peculiar dysmorphia of the face and ears, cryptorchidism and small scrotum in males, proximally implanted thumbs, tapering fingers, excess of whorls on the fingertips, and dorsally implanted second toes. Midface hypoplasia with hypertelorism and cleft palate, as well as strabismus, were present in 2 of our patients, whereas all 3 showed nystagmus and prominence of anthelix and antitragus. In addition, 2 patients exhibited narrow ear canals and impaired hearing. One patient had coloboma of the iris and choroid, pale optic discs, and cleft lip; another had umbilical and inguinal hernias. Two cases represented de novo deletions of the long arm of chromosomes 18, whereas the karyotype of the father of third case revealed a balanced translocation t(15;18)(q24;q21).
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PMID:Structural aberrations of chromosome 18. II. The 18q- syndrome. Report of three cases. 111

A male case of Prader-Willi syndrome (2.8 years in age) with an interstitial deletion of a chromosome affecting 15q 11-12 region is reported. The chief complaints were hypoplastic scrotum and defect of bilateral scrotal content. The clinical features were short stature, obesity, delayed mental development, bilateral cryptorchidism, hypogenitalism, hypopigmentation, and bilateral moderate vesicoureteral reflux with a history of muscular hypotonia. Bilateral orchidopexy was done. Endocrinologically both base values of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were normal although LH reserve function was impaired on gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) test. Testosterone response was normal by the stimulation of human chorionic gonadotropin. An interstitial deletion of proximal 15q, and pituitary-gonadal axis in Prader-Willi syndrome are discussed in relation to the clinical features and therapy.
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PMID:[Prader-Willi syndrome associated with chromosomal aberration: report of a case]. 135 45

An 11-old boy with Prader-Willi syndrome and partial epilepsy was reported. Muscular hypotonia in early infancy was extreme and developmental milestones were retarded, especially walk and speech. He achieved these landmarks within three years. The first seizure disorder was seen in the 9th year. The patient was characterized by hypotonic musculature, severe mental retardation, obesity (gynaecomasty, excess of fat on the thighs, the abdomen and the trunk), hypogonadism (a minute penis, hypoplastic scrotum and cryptorchidism). Apart from these characteristics, the patient presented some minor morphological anomalies (turicephalic skull, high-arched palate, abnormally shaped pinnae, clinodactily, defects on teeth enamel), and some skeleton and joint anomalies (small feet, kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, knock-knee, flat foot). Speech retardation, behaviour disturbance and inappropriate emotional reaction were noted. Karyotype was normal. Dermatoglyphic analysis showed some significant qualitative and quantitative characteristics. An abnormal glucose tolerance curve was obtained. Electroencephalogram showed an irritative paroxysmal discharge with primary focal activity in frontal-temporal cortical regions of the brain left hemisphere.
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PMID:[Case report of a boy with Prader-Willi syndrome and focal epilepsy]. 251 54

We describe a combination of multiple congenital anomalies, severe psychomotor retardation and symmetrical circumferential skin creases of arms and legs in a 4.5-year-old male. Craniofacial anomalies included: a high forehead, elongated face, bitemporal sparseness of hair, broad eyebrows, blepharophimosis, bilateral microphthalmia and microcornea, severe optic nerve hypoplasia, epicanthic folds, telecanthus, broad nasal bridge, puffy cheeks, microstomia, cleft palate, enamel hypoplasia, micrognathia, microtia with stenotic ear canals and posteriorly angulated ears. Head circumference was on the 10th centile and a CT scan showed dilated lateral ventricles. Intracranial pressure was not increased. Other abnormalities included: short stature, loose skin, hypotonia, pectus excavatum, inguinal and umbilical hernias, severe scoliosis, hypoplastic scrotum, long fingers and overlapping toes. Echocardiography showed tricuspid regurgitation. Chromosomes were apparently normal. Differentiation from "Michelin tire baby syndrome" and amniotic band sequence is discussed.
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PMID:New syndrome?: MCA/MR syndrome with multiple circumferential skin creases. 905 67

We report on a patient with a full monosomy 21 (FM21) prenatally diagnosed in cord fetal blood, and subsequently confirmed in other tissues. Subtle chromosomal translocations of chromosome 21, were ruled-out by FISH using both painting and 21q telomeric probes. Microsatellites analysis demonstrated the paternal origin of the single chromosome. The propositus showed at 32 weeks of gestation a severe intrauterine growth retardation and microcephaly. He was born with multiple congenital malformations, hypotonia, microcephaly, bilateral microphthalmia (more severe on the left), facial dysmorphism, agenesis of the external auditory meatus, redundant skin in the neck, narrow chest, flat scrotum, cryptorchydism, hypospadias, micropene, camptodactyly, nail hypoplasia, and abnormal palmar and plantar creases. The patient died in the first day of life. At necropsy, micrencephaly, semilobar holoprosencephaly, polimicrogyria, ocular abnormalities, skeletal anomalies, congenital heart disease, and agenesis of right kidney were also observed. To our best knowledge, this case is one of the most completely patient studied with FM21.
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PMID:A prenatally diagnosed patient with full monosomy 21: ultrasound, cytogenetic, clinical, molecular, and necropsy findings. 1510 21

Genomic sequencing has allowed for the characterization of new gene-to-disease relationships, as well as the identification of variants in established disease genes in patients who do not fit the classically-described phenotype. This is especially true in rare syndromes where the clinical spectrum is not fully known. After a lengthy and costly diagnostic odyssey, patients with atypical presentations may be left with many questions even after a genetic diagnosis is identified. We present a 22-year old male with hypotonia, developmental delay, seizure disorder, and dysmorphic facial features who enrolled in our rare disease research center at 18 years of age, where exome sequencing revealed a novel, likely pathogenic variant in the OPHN1 gene. Through efforts by the study team and collaborations with the larger genetics community, contacts with other families with OPHN1 variants were eventually made, and outreach by these families expanded the patient network. This partnership between families and researchers facilitated the gathering of phenotypic information, allowing for comparison of clinical presentations among three new patients and those previously reported in the literature. These comparisons found previously unreported commonalities between the newly identified patients, such as the presence of otitis media and the lack of genitourinary abnormalities (i.e. hypoplastic scrotum, microphallus, cryptorchidism), which had been noted to be classic features of patients with OPHN1 variants. As genomic sequencing becomes more common, connecting patients with novel variants in the same gene will facilitate phenotypic analysis and continue to refine the clinical spectrum associated with that gene.
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PMID:Expanding the phenotypic spectrum associated with OPHN1 variants. 2996 46