Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026827 (hypotonia)
 5,860 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vascular-leak syndrome (VLS) is a common complication in the first 3 weeks after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The patients present with weight gain, generalized edema, ascites, pericardial or pleural effusions, tachycardia, arterial hypotonia, and/or pre-renal failure. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of the complement system in VLS. The protein concentrations of C3 and C4 were studied by immunodiffusion, and total hemolytic complement activity was studied by assessment of CH50. C1 esterase inhibitor (C1 Inh), the major inhibitor of the classical pathway of complement, was assessed by a functional test. Activation of complement was assessed by C4d (a C4 activation product). Twelve patients were followed prospectively from start of conditioning therapy to day +21 after bone marrow transplantation. Eight of 12 patients did not develop VLS. These patients had an increase of C3 between day +9 and day +13 (range: 1.3- to 1.5-fold, median: 1.4-fold), C4 (range: 1.3- to 1.9-fold, median: 1.4-fold), CH50 (range: 1.3- to 1.6-fold, median: 1.4-fold), and C1 Inh (range: 1.2- to 1.5-fold, median: 1.3-fold). Four of 12 patients developed VLS. C1 Inh activity was decreased to 0.60- to 0.80-fold. This decrease began 2-6 days prior to clinical diagnosis of VLS (n = 3), or at onset of VLS (n = 1). Patients with VLS showed elevated C4d concentrations (up to 2.4 mg/dl, upper normal threshold value: 0.9 mg/dl). Patients with VLS reveal an activated state of the complement system which is accompanied by a reduced activity of C1 Inh. Insufficient control of complement activation may contribute to VLS in patients after BMT.
 ...
PMID:Activity of C1 esterase inhibitor in patients with vascular leak syndrome after bone marrow transplantation. 833 95

A term infant with hydrops fetalis presented with hypotonia, massive splenomegaly, renal failure, and severe hyperferritinemia. Multiple organ failure, myoclonus, and opisthotonus ensued and she died at 15 days of age. High rounded forehead, large open fontanel, and a small recessed chin led to initial premortem diagnosis of Zellweger syndrome, but her plasma profile of long chain fatty acid was normal. Her subsequent clinical course and findings of postmortem examinations were consistent with perinatal lethal form of Gaucher's disease (PLGD). The diagnosis was confirmed by deficiency of enzyme beta-glucocerebrosidase in white blood cells and in cultured fibroblasts. In addition to the crossover features of Zellweger phenotype, this infant exhibited a number of unusual features including, severe hyperferritinemia, rapid progression of splenomegaly, and absence of icthyosis.
 ...
PMID:Perinatal lethal form of Gaucher's disease presenting with hemosiderosis. 1104 42

Anew case of cobalamin C disease associated with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) in the neonatal period is described. A 28-day-old boy presented with failure to thrive, hypotonia, pancytopenia, and features of HUS (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure). The possibility of the diagnosis of an underlying vitamin B12 disorder was prompted by evidence of megaloblastic changes on the peripheral smear and by finding in the literature a suggested association of neonatal HUS with this cobalamin-related metabolic disorder. Amino acid analysis showed elevated homocysteine levels in the plasma and increased levels of both homocysteine and methyl malonic acid in the urine. Diagnosis of cobalamin C disease was confirmed by complementation studies using skin fibroblasts. Therapy included parenteral hydroxocobalamin, carnitine, and leucovorin calcium (folinic acid). Cobalamin C disease should be considered in the diagnosis of patients presenting with HUS in infancy who have unexplained megaloblastosis, pancytopenia, neurologic impairment, and failure to thrive. Early diagnosis and institution of therapy may be effective in improving survival and quality of life.
 ...
PMID:Cobalamin C disease presenting as hemolytic-uremic syndrome in the neonatal period. 1197 7

Urinary bladder perforation due to bladder catheterization in neonates is a rare iatrogenic complication. It has been reported secondary to various causes and a variety of surgical settings in neonates. A case of urinary bladder perforation due to catheterization in a premature baby with Down syndrome, who presented with progressive renal failure and mild-to-moderate ascites, is reported. Urinary bladder perforation should be considered in a case of neonatal ascites with renal failure, which is unexplainable by other causes. We recommend that bladder catheterization in a baby with Down syndrome, whose urinary bladder may be at an increased risk for perforation as part of their generalized hypotonia, should be performed cautiously. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of bladder perforation due to urinary bladder catheterization in a case of Down syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Urinary bladder perforation in a premature infant with Down syndrome. 1296 Oct 82

Joubert syndrome (JS) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disease characterized by cerebellar vermis hypoplasia with prominent superior cerebellar peduncles (the "molar tooth sign" [MTS] on axial magnetic resonance imaging), mental retardation, hypotonia, irregular breathing pattern, and eye-movement abnormalities. Some individuals with JS have retinal dystrophy and/or progressive renal failure characterized by nephronophthisis (NPHP). Thus far, no mutations in the known NPHP genes, particularly the homozygous deletion of NPHP1 at 2q13, have been identified in subjects with JS. A cohort of 25 subjects with JS and either renal and/or retinal complications and 2 subjects with only juvenile NPHP were screened for mutations in the NPHP1 gene by standard methods. Two siblings affected with a mild form of JS were found to have a homozygous deletion of the NPHP1 gene identical, by mapping, to that in subjects with NPHP alone. A control subject with NPHP and with a homozygous NPHP1 deletion was also identified, retrospectively, as having a mild MTS and borderline intelligence. The NPHP1 deletion represents the first molecular defect associated with JS in a subset of mildly affected subjects. Cerebellar malformations consistent with the MTS may be relatively common in patients with juvenile NPHP without classic symptoms of JS.
 ...
PMID:The NPHP1 gene deletion associated with juvenile nephronophthisis is present in a subset of individuals with Joubert syndrome. 1513 99

Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disease characterized by cerebellar vermis aplasia, mental retardation, muscular hypotonia, an irregular breathing pattern in the neonatal period and abnormal eye movements. Some individuals have progressive renal failure characterized by nephronophthisis (NPHP) and/or retinal dystrophy. Homozygous deletions of NPHP1 on chromosome 2q13 have been identified in individuals with NPHP-associated JBTS. Recently, mutations in AHI1 on chromosome 6q23.3 were found in JBTS patients without NPHP. Here, by direct sequencing, we identify novel truncating mutations within AHI1 in affected patients from two families. One patient had the association of JBTS and NPHP with chronic renal failure. This is the first report of AHI1 mutations causing JBTS associated with NPHP, confirming the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of NPHP.
 ...
PMID:Identification of the first AHI1 gene mutations in nephronophthisis-associated Joubert syndrome. 1624 Jan 61

Type 1 nephronophthisis (NPHP) with homozygous deletions of nephrocystin [NPHP1, DEL] has been considered a pure renal disorder, but co-occurrence of extrarenal symptoms, mainly retinitis pigmentosa, is observed in a subset of patients. Recently, [NPHP1, DEL] has been detected in three patients with Joubert syndrome-related disorders (JSRDs), who associated neurological signs with a peculiar neuroradiological malformation known as the 'molar tooth sign' (MTS). To define the frequency of JSRD spectrum in NPHP1 patients, we re-examined 56 cases with [NPHP1, DEL] and found an overall incidence of 8.9% (five out 56 patients). All had small hyperechoic kidneys and had developed advanced renal failure within 15 years. Two patients presented the complete features of JSRD with cerebello-renal-retinal association and MTS. Two others showed, instead, severe intentional tremor and thick superior cerebellar peduncles on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and one of them had associated retinopathy. The fifth patient presented with hypotonia, developmental delay, central deafness, and ataxia associated with Leber congenital amaurosis and liver fibrosis but with normal brain MRI. Marked intrafamilial variability of associated extrarenal symptoms was observed in familial cases. Deletion extension did not differ in patients with isolated renal phenotype and in those with associated neurological symptoms. In conclusion, neurological defects varying from subtle involvement of cerebellum with thickened peduncle to both JSRD and diffuse central hypotonia are frequent in [NPHP1, DEL] patients. Prevalence of such association may justify systematic neurological and neuroradiological evaluation.
 ...
PMID:Nephronophthisis type 1 deletion syndrome with neurological symptoms: prevalence and significance of the association. 1690 87

In this report we present the history of a patient treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in whom episodes of hypotonia can be related to the administration of amikacin, an antibiotic from the aminoglycosides group. The 68-year-old female patient was admitted for initiation of renal replacement therapy with CAPD. Her renal failure was probably attributable to hypertension. Three days after catheter implantation, the patient reported dysuric symptoms, and a urine culture showed significant growth of Escherichia coli. Amikacin 250 mg and cefazolin 1.0 g were administered intravenously once daily in accordance with the antibiogram. On the third day of antibiotic administration, the patient fainted, showing an arterial blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg. On the subsequent 2 days, decreases of postural arterial blood pressure to between 90/60 mmHg and 80/50 mmHg were reported two or three times daily. The patient was treated with antibiotics for the next 6 days and felt very bad the entire time, with an arterial blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg. The patient's condition improved 2 days after discontinuation of treatment with antibiotics, and episodes of hypotonia stopped. The decrease in the arterial blood pressure observed in our patient during intravenous administration of amikacin can, with a high probability, be related to the calcimimetic activity of this aminoglycoside and the resulting inhibition of parathyroid secretion.
 ...
PMID:Hypotonia during amikacin administration in a patient treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 1698 43

Pierson syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder comprising congenital nephrotic syndrome with diffuse mesangial sclerosis and distinct eye abnormalities with microcoria reported as the most prominent clinical feature. LAMB2 mutations leading to lack of laminin beta2 were identified as the molecular cause underlying Pierson syndrome. Although LAMB2 is known to be expressed in the neuromuscular system, and defects of the neuromuscular junctions had been found in laminin beta2-deficient mice, no consistent neurological phenotype has been described clinically in murine or human laminin beta2-deficiency before. This is likely due to the early lethality from renal failure. Here we provide a detailed description of neurological manifestations and development in four patients affected by Pierson syndrome, who survived until the age of 1.3-4.8 years owing to renal replacement therapy. Severe muscular hypotonia, psychomotor retardation, and blindness were present in three patients harboring truncating mutations on both LAMB2 alleles. These symptoms were not attributable to complications of chronic renal failure, thus representing a primary feature of the genetic disorder. Alterations in skeletal muscle tissue from one case were compatible with a chronic denervating process. One affected girl, however, exhibited a milder course of renal disease, normal development, and preserved vision, presumably owing to some residual LAMB2 function. Our findings indicate that severe neurodevelopmental deficits have to be considered as part of Pierson syndrome, at least in the presence of biallelic functional null mutations (complete lack of laminin beta2). This is an important issue in the counseling of parents of an affected newborn or infant.
 ...
PMID:Neurodevelopmental deficits in Pierson (microcoria-congenital nephrosis) syndrome. 1725 89

After collapsing, a 70-year-old patient with certain comorbidities developed an extensive hematoma of the lower leg because of anticoagulation-therapy. For operative intervention the patient received general anesthesia, because of the risk of bleeding. As a consequence a severe hypotonia occurred with renal failure. For revision, the patient received peripheral regional anesthesia despite an elevated bleeding risk. Risk-benefit analysis in case of an elevated bleeding risk while performing peripheral regional anesthesia will be discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Case report: bleeding complications and regional anesthesia--risks and benefits]. 1766 Dec 61


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>