Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026827 (hypotonia)
 5,860 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

62 years old patient was admitted to the hospital with weakness of lower extremities. Using laboratory examination, we found very severe hyponatrenaemia, hypochloraemia and hypotonia of blood plasma, because of SIADH. We searched for the cause of that syndrome and finally we found that the cause of that syndrome was small cell lung cancer with an expansion into the mediastinum and metastases into the skelet.
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PMID:[SIADH as only paraneoplastic cause of the small cell lung cancer]. 1852 96

The purpose of our study was to determine the value of computed tomography (CT) with a drug-induced hypotonia and water filling in the diagnosis and preoperative staging of 27 patients with gastric lymphoma (GLy) confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. CT scans were performed in a supine and prone position with drug-induced hypotonia and water-filling of stomach with 500-700 ml., and intravenous administration of a non-ionic contrast agent. the prone position and drug-induced hypotonia allowed visualization of the whole gastric wall and prevented gas artifacts, commonly present during supine imaging. CT scans were analysed with respect to the thickness of the stomach wall, rugal thickening, presence of wall infiltration, mucosal nodularity, ulcerations and tumour masses, regional tumour spread, lymph node deposits and presence of distant metastases. The most common findings in GLy were ulcers of variable size, depth and number in 43% of cases, a mass with or without an ulcer in 36% of cases, and rugal thickening in 21% of cases. According to CT results, GLy was staged in four groups: I, II1, II2, III and IV. Precise preoperative staging was achieved in 73%, overstaging in 18% and understaging in 9% of patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the technique was 93% and 85% respectively. There was low grade MALT lymphoma in 69% and high grade MALT lymphoma in 31% of cases. We believe that CT performed ussing this method is a useful non-invasive method for preoperative evaluation and staging of gastric lymphoma and should be used before surgery is planned.
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PMID:CT evaluation of gastric lymphoma. 2008 55

To describe the efficacy of intravitreal chemotherapy (IViC) preceded by intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) for the treatment of advanced stage retinoblastoma. This non-comparative interventional case series retrospectively reviewed the medical records of six patients who presented within months of each other with unilateral retinoblastoma, Reese-Ellsworth stage Vb/D of ABC classification in the affected eye. After clinical and ophthalmoscopic evaluation, they underwent MRI to exclude local and CNS dissemination. The IAC was given to treat retinal masses and intravitreal injections to treat vitreous seeding. Patients had received two cycles (six infusions) of IAC, and from six up to ten melphalan injections into the vitreous, with an interval of 7-10 days between them. From one to four intravitreal injections were performed for partial remission or consolidation. No permanent complications of procedures have been reported. All patients underwent to bimonthly MRI examination, during treatment and every 3 months for 1 year after last injection, to exclude orbital dissemination. Successful control (100 %) of tumor masses and vitreous seeds was achieved in all cases at 12 months follow-up. Complications were posterior lens opacity, acute ischemic papillitis, partial CVR thrombosis, hypotonia (case 1), partial vitreous hemorrhage (case 4). No complications appeared in cases 2, 3, 5, and 6. No intraocular or orbital tumor recurrence or retinoblastoma metastases (follow-up range, 12-33 months) were observed. Sequential IAC and intravitreal melphalan for advanced retinoblastoma allowed to provide retinal and vitreous seed control.
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PMID:Alternated intra-arterial and intravitreal chemotherapy for advanced intraocular retinoblastoma: preliminary successful results without systemic chemotherapy. 2641 40

Giant intradural metastases of nonneurogenic origin involving multiple segments represent an extremely rare manifestation of an unknown primary. The respective literature is very scarce. We present a 45-year-old female with complaints of low back pain for 4 years, involuntary urination for 2 years, and difficulty in using both lower limbs for 1 month. Examination revealed paraparesis with hypotonia. Imaging of lumbosacral spine revealed that expansile lytic destruction of vertebral bodies and posterior elements was noted from D8 to S2 vertebra and a large-sized patchy enhancing heterogeneous intradural extramedullary lesion was noted in D8-S2 level. Decompressive laminectomy from D11 to L4 vertebra and subtotal excision of the lesion were done. There was a marked improvement in the lower limb weakness and low back pain postoperatively. Histopathology revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed epithelial membrane antigen positivity. Accordingly, the aim of the surgery is strictly palliative. The majority of patients benefit with respect to neurological deficit/pain independent of the extent of resection. Thus, decompressive surgery is recommended to increase the quality of life. The occurrence of intradural spinal metastasis is rare. Only few cases of intra dural spinal metastasis involving multiple cord segments and osteolytic bony erosions have been documented. Hence this case is being presented here for its rarity and its uniqueness.
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PMID:Giant Spinal Intradural Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of Unknown Primary: A Rare Case Report. 3149 37