Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026827 (hypotonia)
 5,860 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A female child of healthy, unrelated parents presented at 12 months of age with a history of moderately severe developmental delay, macrocephaly, dysmorphic facies, hypotonia, hepatosplenomegaly, mild generalized dysostosis multiplex, mucopolysacchariduria (dermatan and heparan sulfates), and Alder-Reilly bodies in peripheral blood leukocytes. Iduronate sulfatase activity in plasma was markedly depressed: 0.11 units/ml/h (normal, 1.75 +/- 0.56, N = 6). Analyses of arylsulfatases A, B, and C, heparan N-sulfatase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-mannosidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-hexosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, and alpha-fucosidase activities in plasma, leukocytes, and/or cultured skin fibroblasts were all normal. Urinary sulfatide excretion was also within normal limits. Karyotypes of peripheral blood leukocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts were normal. Serum iduronate sulfatase activities in the parents were in the normal range (father, 1.63 units/ml/h; mother, 1.25 units/ml/h). The results of analyses of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of DNA from cultured skin fibroblasts with the use of probes for loci extending from Xpter to Xq28 showed X chromosome heterozygosity and confirmed the paternal origin of one of the X chromosomes. Studies on sulfur-35 uptake in mixed fibroblast cultures showed cross-correction of [35S]-glycosaminoglycan accumulation between cells from the patient and normal cells or cells from a patient with Hurler disease; however, there was no cross-correction between cells from the patient and those from boys affected with classical Hunter disease. This represents only the second confirmed case of Hunter disease reported in a karyotypically normal girl.
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PMID:Hunter disease (mucopolysaccharidosis type II) in a karyotypically normal girl. 211 88

Hunter's syndrome is one of a group of heritable metabolic disorders caused by decreased activity of one or more of the lysosomal enzymes responsible for mucopolysaccharide catabolism, resulting in excessive deposition of mucopolysaccharides in skeletal and soft tissues. Pulmonary conditions, such as airway obstruction, sleep apnea syndrome, atalectasis, recurrent pneumonia and difficult endotracheal intubation are known to be associated with these rare disorders and have been reported. We report the findings at laryngotracheobronchoscopy of a patient with Hunter's syndrome with airway symptoms and, supported by analysis of previously reported cases of airway problems associated with the syndrome, suggest that tracheobronchomalacia with classifiable major airway collapse (MAC) may be the pathological correlate for this clinical picture. The endoscopic technique and characteristic findings of tracheobronchomalacia/MAC are discussed, as well as the natural history and pathophysiology of this condition, which is characterized by weakness of the tracheal wall due to softening of the supporting cartilage and hypotonia of the myoelastic elements with reduction in the tracheal lumen.
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PMID:Tracheobronchomalacia in Hunter's syndrome. 850 49

A 2-year-old boy with an initial diagnosis of Hunter syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis II) had a more severe phenotype than expected, which warranted further evaluation. The patient had severe infantile global neurodevelopmental delays, macrocephaly with a prominent forehead, coarse facial features with clear corneas, chronic congestion with snoring, wide-spaced teeth, short thick neck, hepatomegaly, an inguinal hernia repaired, early clawhand deformities, and severe generalized hypotonia. X chromosome microarray revealed a large deletion encompassing the genes IDS, FMR1, and AFF2 (FMR2) confirming the diagnoses of both Hunter and fragile X syndromes. This case is also a reminder to clinicians that for optimum patient care, further diagnostic testing is warranted if there is concern that a patient's phenotype is more severe or complex than would be expected for the initial neurogenetic diagnosis.
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PMID:Severe Hunter syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis II) phenotype secondary to large deletion in the X chromosome encompassing IDS, FMR1, and AFF2 (FMR2). 2219 May