Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026827 (hypotonia)
 5,860 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty patients have been treated with Sinemet (L-carbidopa/L-dopa) for a period of up to two years. The results are in agreement with those in the literature. In two-thirds of cases a good to very good improvement was obtained. The principal side effects were dyskinesia, hypotonia, and gastrointestinal and psychotic symptoms, though they seldom necessitated treatment interruption. L-carbidopa/L-dopa affords a real alternative therapy in the modern treatment of Parkinson's disease with L-dopa and a decarboxylase inhibitor. Generally the dosage range was up to a maximum of one tablet three times daily. Sinemet tablets are simple and convenient to handle for both doctor and patient. Dosage titration to therapeutic efficacy can be achieved in one week to ten days without complications, though we recommended a slower titration based on individual patient reaction and requirements.
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PMID:[Treatment of Parkinson's disease with the combination drug L-carbidopa/L-dopa. Report on a 2 years study]. 84 50

Considerable functional disturbances of the urodynamics, consisting of hypotonia, hypokinesia, and dyskinesia of the pelvis and upper third of the ureters were detected by television excretory pyeloscopy and motion-picture urography in female rabbits after prolonged administration of progesterone and estradiol dipropionate. These findings suggest a role of hormonal imbalance in the pathogenesis of disorders of the urodynamics that are the possible causes of development of pyelonephritis, nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis, and other diseases of the kidneys in women.
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PMID:Disturbance of the urodynamics of the upper urinary tract as a result of hormonal imbalance. 111 53

Dynamic hepato-bilio-scintigraphy was performed in 43 patients with diabetes mellitus. An analysis of results showed that characteristic of patients with diabetes mellitus is a reduction of the detoxicating and bile excretory function of the liver which was most pronounced in patients with insulin-dependent type in the condition of secondary sulfanylamide resistance. Typical of diabetes mellitus disorder of the gallbladder function was its hypotonia and dyskinesia.
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PMID:[Liver function in diabetics with secondary sulfanilamide resistance (based on the data from dynamic hepatobiliary scintigraphy)]. 180 42

We report cystinuria and symptoms of cerebellar atrophy in a 45-year-old man. His parents were first cousins, and many members of his family had stones of urinary tract or gait impairment. Neurological examination disclosed cerebellar signs resembling those of spinocerebellar degeneration. Urinalysis disclosed high cystine, lysine, ornitine and arginine output. Cystine was 1153.8 micro mol/day (normal range, 22-170); lysine, 3443.9 (normal range, 44-1000); ornitine, 283.8 (normal range, 7-40); and arginine, 154.0 (normal range, 9-50). Neurological complications reported to be associated with cystinuria include mental retardation, muscular dystrophy, hypotonia and dwarfism, mongolism, paroxysmal dyskinesia, myopathy, migraine, spastic paraplegia, multiple sclerosis, subacute combined degeneration and cranial polyneuropathy. Cerebellar signs have been reported in only two cases, and to our knowledge, this is the first case of cystinuria with cerebellar atrophy ever reported. Some common metabolic errors may have caused both disorders, although they also may have developed independently.
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PMID:[Cystinuria with symptoms of cerebellar atrophy--a case report]. 189 74

Bile is secreted continuously, although at various rates, from the liver into the biliary tree; whether bile is then diverted into the gallbladder or the duodenum depends on the relative resistance to flow mainly determined by the contractile state of the gallbladder and the choledochoduodenal junction. The resistance of the sphincter of Oddi is considered the principal factor in the regulation of the intracholedochal pressure and, therefore, of the common bile duct-gallbladder pressure gradient; however, filling of the gallbladder may also take place after total sphincterotomy. During late phase II of the interdigestive period intragallbladder pressure increments favour flow of a small amount of bile into the bile duct and, through the sphincter of Oddi, into the duodenum. During phase III of the interdigestive period maximal frequency of sphincter of Oddi phasic contractions blocks bile flow into the duodenum. After a meal tonic active contraction of the gallbladder causes an increase of the intraluminal pressure followed shortly by volume reduction of the viscus and outflow of bile accompanied by an intracholedochal pressure increment. Gallbladder hypotonia is a relevant factor in the pathogenesis of gallbladder stones. The gallbladder acts as a reservoir, since intracholedochal pressure is higher after than before cholecystectomy, and this may explain post-cholecystectomy choledochal dilatation and biliary pain by obstructed bile flow due to either stenosis or dyskinesia of the sphincter of Oddi.
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PMID:Pressure relationships within the human bile tract. Normal and abnormal physiology. 223 82

A case of chorea-acanthocytosis (CA) syndrome is described. CA is a rare, inherited syndrome characterized by normolipoproteinemic acanthocytosis and progressive neurological disturbances (orofacial dyskinesia, limb chorea, lip and tongue biting, distal muscle wasting, muscle hypotonia, absent or diminished tendon reflexes) with adult onset. Thus far, 10 independent reports of CA have been published. The present case is the first patient reported in Europe outside Great Britain. Due to obvious clinical similarities between CA and Huntington's chorea, particular attention is drawn to the differential diagnosis between these 2 syndromes. Investigation of the red blood cell morphology should necessarily be performed in the examination of choreic patients, particularly when the disorder is familial.
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PMID:Chorea-acanthocytosis. Neurological disease with acanthocytosis. 661 27

A retrospective analysis of children with renal failure during the first year of life revealed that 20 of 23 patients developed profound neurologic abnormalities. The encephalopathy was characterized by developmental delay, microcephaly, hypotonia, seizures, dyskinesia, and EEG abnormalities. No patient had been dialyzed, and four had not received aluminum salts prior to the development of neurologic symptoms. Inadequate statural growth and poor nutrition were present in all patients. It is probable that infants with chronic renal insufficiency are more susceptible to the development of this syndrome than are older children or adults because of the significant growth and maturation of the brain that occurs during the first years of life.
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PMID:Progressive encephalopathy in children with chronic renal insufficiency in infancy. 708 84

Numerous experimental and clinical observations have established the role of hypertonic duodenal dyskinesia in the etiology of duodenogastric reflux and delayed emptying of the stomach. The original procedure proposed, section of the duodenal muscle fibres, demonstrated a relative hypotonia of the viscera and maintenance of antropyloroduodenal coordination. The present study confirms the effects of extramucosal duodenal myotomy after short- and long-term follow-up in dogs: reduction in gastric emptying time, absence of duodenal stagnation, and lack of morphological changes in the viscera. Unfavorable in duodenogastric reflux, it has favorable effects, on the contrary, on gastric emptying and antral function.
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PMID:[Effects of extramucosal duodenal myotomy in dogs (author's transl)]. 725 2

The behavioural and cognitive development were studied of 68 children with and 259 without minor neurological function (MND) at 14 years, when the majority of children showed three or more physical signs of puberty. MND was differentiated into fine manipulative disability, co-ordination problems, choreiform dyskinesia and hypotonia. The normal group was subdivided into those who had been normal at 12 years and those who had had MND. All types of MND were related to cognitive and behavioural problems. Fine manipulative disability was related to behavioural and cognitive difficulties; co-ordination problems to learning difficulties; and choreiform dyskinesia and hypotonia were related to attention difficulties and school failure, notwithstanding normal IQ. Besides MND, socio-economic class, family adversities and female gender contributed to the development of behavioural and cognitive problems. The behaviour of children with MND at 12 years who were normal at 14 years did not differ from that of normal children.
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PMID:Neurobehavioural relationships after the onset of puberty. 815 56

In order to study the hypotheses that puberty is related to a decrease of minor neurological dysfunction (MND) and that persisting MND is associated with perinatal factors, two groups (174 normal, 172 MND) of the Groningen Perinatal Project were followed from 12 to 14 years. At 14 years almost all the children had entered puberty (n = 329) defined as the presence of three or more puberty signs. In the MND group 55% of the children were normal at 14 years and in 45% MND signs were still present, though in a less extensive form. The latter phenomenon was most clear in children who had just begun puberty. The effect of puberty was similar in both sexes. MND which persisted into puberty was related to neonatal neurological deviancy, lower social class, lower obstetrical optimality score and male sex. After differentiation with specific MND clusters, it appeared that fine manipulative disability was associated with neonatal neurological deviancy, with minor physical anomalies and with lower social class; choreiform dyskinesia with asphyxia; hypotonia with constitutionally related factors; and coordination problems with pre-maturity (< 32 weeks).
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PMID:Minor neurological dysfunction after the onset of puberty: association with perinatal events. 831 56


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