Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) affects the survival and proliferation of myeloma cells via autocrine and/or paracrine mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the effects of IL-6, IL-6 receptor antagonist (IL-6RA), and gp130 antagonist (gp130A) on the membrane expressions of IL-6R and gp130, on the viability, on the proliferation, on the DNA synthesis, and on the cell cycle phases in several multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines and B cell lymphoma cell lines. Our results showed that (1) all five MM cell lines (OPM-2, RPMI-8226, U-266, KMS-12-BM, MOLP-8) expressed surface IL-6R and gp130, the B cell lymphomas (WSU-1, DOHH-2, U-698) expressed only gp130; (2) exogenous IL-6 markedly up-regulated the expression of membrane IL-6R (up to 186%) and down-regulated the gp130 receptor (down to 4%) in MM cell lines, the membrane expression of gp130 in B cell lymphomas was not altered; (3) IL-6 markedly increased the spontaneous proliferation (up to 151%) in all MM cell lines, that of B cell lymphomas was not affected; (4) IL-6 increased the DNA synthesis in the S cell cycle phase of MM cells and arrested the stage G2/M, IL-6 was ineffective in any cell cycle phase of B cell lymphoma; (5) IL-6RA inhibited the membrane IL-6R partially, the proliferation was decreased only slightly; and (6) although gp130A inhibited the membrane gp130 completely, the proliferation was decreased 81-78% in MM and B cell lymphoma cell lines. This means that gp130 is not absolutely necessary for the cellular signalling cascade via JAK/STAT and RAS/MAPK pathways involved in proliferation and viability. Our results give an indication in the therapy of MM: IL-6 antibody (IL-6A) alone or in combination with IL-6RA. The latter could be more effective. This kind of therapy is not recommended for B cell lymphoma, as these cells have no IL-6R.
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PMID:Multiple myeloma and B cell lymphoma. Investigation of IL-6, IL-6 receptor antagonist (IL-6RA), and GP130 antagonist (GP130A) using various parameters in an in vitro model. 1689 69

Mistletoe (Viscum album) extract (Iscador) is used either alone or in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy in the treatment of tumor patients. In this study the effects of Viscum album Quercus (VA Qu) extract (1000 ng lectin and 6 microg viscotoxin/ml) in various doses were investigated in an in vitro model with tumor cells: three multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines (OPM-2, RPMI-8226, U-266) and three B cell lymphoma cell lines (U-698, DOHH-2, WSU-1). None of the three B lymphoma cell lines and none of the three multiple myeloma cell lines produced interleukin (IL)-6 spontaneously or after treatment with VA Qu extract. All three multiple myeloma cell lines expressed surface IL-6R and gp130, the B cell lymphomas expressed only gp130. Viscum album/Qu extract markedly downregulated the membrane expression of IL-6R and gp130 in RPMI-8226 (down to 29% and 32%) and the expression of gp130 in WSU-1 (down to 22%). There was a marked reduction of viable cells of RPMI-8226 (down to 28%) and WSU-1 (down to 8 %) at 100 microg/10(6) cells /ml. There was a clear relationship between the inhibition of proliferation and viability: the percentage reductions of the viable cells at 48 and 72 h were similar to those of proliferation at 24 and 48 h, respectively. This means that firstly the proliferation of the tumor cell is inhibited and then afterwards these cells die by apoptosis or necrosis. The inhibitory effect of VA Qu on the proliferation can be termed cytostatic, on the survival cytocidal. VA Qu was more effective in cells having a high proliferation rate than in those with a low proliferation rate. The effective dose range lay between 25 and 100 microg/10(6) cells/ml (5-20 ng lectin/10(6) cells/ml) for all parameters.
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PMID:Cytostatic and cytocidal effects of mistletoe (Viscum album L.) quercus extract Iscador. 1692 28

The interest around the graphene family of materials is constantly growing due to their potential application in biomedical fields. The effect of graphene and its derivatives on cells varies amongst studies depending on the cell and tissue type. Since the toxicity against non-adherent cell lines has barely been studied, we investigated the effect of graphene and two different graphene oxides against four multiple myeloma cell lines, namely KMS-12-BM, H929, U226, and MM.1S, as well as two non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells lines, namely KARPAS299 and DOHH-2. We performed two types of viability assays, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide conversion) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate detection), flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis induction and cell cycle, cell morphology, and direct interaction analysis using two approaches-visualization of living cells by two different systems, and visualization of fixed and dyed cells. Our results revealed that graphene and graphene oxides exhibit low to moderate cytotoxicity against cells, despite visible interaction between the cells and graphene oxide. This creates possibilities for the application of the selected graphene materials for drug delivery systems or theragnostics in hematological malignancies; however, further detailed studies are necessary to explain the nature of interactions between the cells and the materials.
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PMID:Effect of Graphene Family Materials on Multiple Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cell Lines. 3275 12