Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An increased glucose metabolic rate is observed with various degrees of intensity in different subtypes of aggressive lymphomas. [(18)F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET; FDG-PET) allows functional imaging of this phenomenon through 3-dimensional tomographic slices, which are now easily fused with computed tomography (CT) images. [(18)F]Fluorodeoxyglucose-PET staging appears superior to conventional staging modalities for detecting nodal and extranodal lymphoma. When performed after first-line chemotherapy, FDG-PET is more efficient than CT and conventional diagnostic methods to predict the disease outcome. Some studies have reported that the relapse rate is 100% in patients with positive PET findings after treatment and 17% in patients with negative PET findings. This imaging modality can also assess early response after 1-2 cycles of chemotherapy, thus identifying responders from patients whose cancer will fail to respond to first-line therapy or will relapse shortly after having exhibited a partial or complete remission. [(18)F]Fluorodeoxyglucose-PET also seems useful for an accurate selection of patients who will benefit from highly intensive treatment.
Clin Lymphoma Myeloma 2006 Jan
PMID:Value of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography in managing patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 1650 8

This report by an international consensus panel updates current recommendations for defining clinical response in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM). The previously published response criteria incorporated parameters for monoclonal protein reduction and/or improvement of marrow and nodal involvement, and included definitions of complete and partial remissions. The criteria have been updated to include minor response and stable disease categories. In addition, the criteria now recognize that delayed responses after treatment with nucleoside analogues and biologic agents and the time point for assessing response in patients with WM should be considered so as to not miss or miscategorize a response. The new criteria should therefore help in better delineating responses to therapy in patients with WM, particularly with the wide use of nucleoside analogues and biologically based agents for this disease.
Clin Lymphoma Myeloma 2006 Mar
PMID:Update on recommendations for assessing response from the Third International Workshop on Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia. 1664 Aug 13

Multiple myeloma is a haematological malignancy characterized by the occurrence of plasma cell tumours within the bone marrow. In advanced multiple myeloma, metastatic deposits outside the bone marrow (extramedullary) are rare. Reported extramedullary sites include the upper respiratory tract and lymph nodes. Parenchymal pulmonary plasmacytoma is exceptionally rare. We describe such a case in a 51-year-old male, who underwent allogenic marrow transplantation. 6 months post-transplantation developing nodal and hilar pulmonary multiple myeloma, the radiological appearances mimicking lymphoma.
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PMID:Pulmonary and nodal multiple myeloma mimicking lymphoma. 1682 50

Interaction of cancer cells with their microenvironment generated by stromal cells is essential for tumor cell survival and influences the localization of tumor growth. Here we demonstrate that hedgehog ligands secreted by bone-marrow, nodal and splenic stromal cells function as survival factors for malignant lymphoma and plasmacytoma cells derived from transgenic Emu-Myc mice or isolated from humans with these malignancies. Hedgehog pathway inhibition in lymphomas induced apoptosis through downregulation of Bcl2, but was independent of p53 or Bmi1 expression. Blockage of hedgehog signaling in vivo inhibited expansion of mouse lymphoma cells in a syngeneic mouse model and reduced tumor mass in mice with fully developed disease. Our data indicate that stromally induced hedgehog signaling may provide an important survival signal for B- and plasma-cell malignancies in vitro and in vivo. Disruption of this interaction by hedgehog pathway inhibition could provide a new strategy in lymphoma and multiple myeloma therapy.
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PMID:Essential role of stromally induced hedgehog signaling in B-cell malignancies. 1763 27

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas were first described by Isaacson and Wright in 1983 in a small series of patients with low-grade B-cell gastrointestinal lymphomas. Although MALT lymphomas occur most frequently in the stomach, they have also been described in various non-gastrointestinal sites, such as the salivary gland, conjunctiva, thyroid, orbit, lung, breast, kidney, skin, liver, uterus, and prostate. The risk of a diagnostic dilemma is reduced by the favorable prognosis of this low-grade lymphoma and its tendency to remain localized to the primary site for a long time. On therapeutic grounds, in contrast to nodal lymphomas, low-grade MALT lymphomas also respond favorably to local treatments, such as surgery and/or local radiation therapy. The outcome and prognosis of low-grade MALT lymphomas are more favorable than those for other extranodal lymphomas. The purpose of this review is to point out the state of the art regarding bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues lymphomas in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, clinics, and therapeutics, including our single-center experience of 23 cases.
Clin Lymphoma Myeloma 2007 Nov
PMID:Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas: an update of a rare extranodal maltoma. 1818 64

Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) arises outside the bone marrow, particularly in the head and neck region (nasopharynx, nose cavity, sinuses, and tonsils), and can be associated with multiple myeloma (MM). Three cases of EMP in the head and neck region are described: a first case describes an EMP of the subglottis 3 years after treatment of MM, a second case of an EMP solitary in the middle ear presenting as a jugular foramen syndrome, and a third case of an EMP localised at the epiglottis, recurring at the floor of the nose cavity. Treatment of each EMP was surgical. We reviewed literature about aetiology, clinical course, diagnostics, treatment and prognosis. Important presenting symptoms vary from epistaxis, rhinorrhoea, a sore throat, dysphonia to haemoptoea. Association with MM must be confirmed or excluded. Histopathological examination, with immunological staining or flow cytometry confirms the diagnosis. CT and MRI are useful in staging EMP. The treatment of EMP is surgery and/or radiotherapy. The prognosis depends on tumour size (>5 cm) and nodal involvement. The 10-year survival rate is 50-80%.
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PMID:Extramedullary plasmacytomas in the head and neck region. 1829 69

Hepatosplenic T-Cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is a rare form of extra-nodal post-thymic T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that primarily involves liver and spleen with B symptoms, with a characteristic absence of lymphadenopathy. We report such an entity in a 65-year-old man who was diagnosed to have multiple myeloma and treated for the same for two years. A clinical diagnosis of secondary myelofibrosis was suspected and was investigated, when he developed pancytopenia and massive hepatosplenomegaly at one of his follow-up visits. The patient underwent therapeutic splenectomy with a simultaneous wedge biopsy of the liver and with their corresponding histopathological and immunohistochemical features, the diagnosis of HSTCL was clinched.
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PMID:Malignant lymphoma without lymphadenopathy. 1870 Jun 47

Most monomorphic posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) resemble diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or Burkitt lymphoma. Rare cases of PTLD resembling extramedullary plasmacytomas have also been described. This report describes the clinical, histologic, phenotypic, and genotypic findings in 4 cases of plasmacytoma-like PTLD (2 nodal, 1 adenoidal, and 1 cutaneous) and compares the findings with extramedullary involvement by plasma cell neoplasms arising in immunocompetent patients. Plasmacytoma-like PTLDs characteristically arise late after transplantation (mean, 7.0 years), show a variable association with Epstein-Barr virus (2/4 cases positive), and demonstrate histologic and phenotypic findings that overlap with immunocompetent extramedullary plasma cell neoplasms. None of the patients with plasmacytoma-like PTLD developed lytic bone lesions, and 3 of 4 patients had complete responses (>2 years) to reduction of immunosuppression, confirming the role of immunosuppression in the pathogenesis of these lesions. This report, which represents the first case series of plasmacytoma-like PTLD, clarifies the features of this rare subtype of PTLD.
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PMID:Extramedullary plasmacytoma-like posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders: clinical and pathologic features. 1976 36

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the occurrence of plasma cell tumor within the bone marrow. Extramedullary plasmacytomas form a small percentage of plasma cell tumors, and although 80-90% of extramedullary lesions occur in the head and neck, pulmonary plasmacytomas are found to be a very uncommon clinical entity. Hereby, we describe a case of a patient with pulmonary plasmacytoma, who developed nodal and pulmonary MM with a pleural effusion, the radiological appearance of which mimicked bronchogenic carcinoma.
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PMID:Pulmonary and nodal multiple myeloma with a pleural effusion mimicking bronchogenic carcinoma. 2016 Mar 66

Plasmablastic lymphoma, which is considered a subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, shares many similar morphological and immunophenotypic features with plasmablastic transformation of plasma cell myeloma. In the setting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, both types of neoplasms can be associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), thus making their distinction challenging. Moreover, the biological relationship between these entities remains unclear. We report four unique cases of plasmablastic lymphoma occurring in the setting of HIV infection that had overlapping clinical and genetic features with plasma cell myeloma. We reviewed the clinical, morphological, and cytogenetic findings and performed immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization for EBV, chromosome analysis, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using the MYC break-apart rearrangement probe. All patients were males with a median age of 45 years. In addition to extra-nodal disease, plasmablastic morphology, and phenotype typical of plasmablastic lymphoma, three of the four cases also showed clinical findings overlapping with plasma cell myeloma, that is, monoclonal serum immunoglobulin and lytic bone lesions. Furthermore, these cases showed complex cytogenetic changes that are more commonly observed in plasma cell myeloma. A unique feature was the presence of MYC (8q24.1) rearrangement confirmed by FISH in all four cases. MYC translocation has been associated with tumor progression in multiple myeloma but has only rarely been previously reported in plasmablastic lymphoma. These cases show a clinical and biological relationship between plasmablastic lymphoma and the plasmablastic variant of plasma cell myeloma. Dysregulation of MYC may be a common genetic mechanism that imparts plasmablastic morphology and aggressive clinical course to B-cell neoplasms at a later stage of differentiation.
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PMID:Plasmablastic lymphoma with MYC translocation: evidence for a common pathway in the generation of plasmablastic features. 2034 82


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