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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Monoclonal antibodies that react with antigens of the plasma membrane of rat intestinal villus and crypt cells have been prepared by fusion of mouse myeloma (NSI) cells with spleen cells of mice immunized with various intestinal cellular fractions, including the luminal membrane of adult villus and crypt cells, and of newborn rat intestinal cells. The antigenic targets of most antibodies have been identified. They include major protein components of the brush border (luminal) membrane of adult villus cells (sucrase-isomaltase, maltase, lactase, aminopeptidase N, alkaline phosphatase) and newly identified protein antigens specific for intestinal epithelial cells. Of 25 independently derived monoclonal antibodies prepared, 18 reacted exclusively with the brush border membrane of the villus cells, confirming its unique protein composition. Antibodies specifically staining the crypt cells, the newly differentiated epithelial cells present in the lower half of the villi, the top villus cells, and both villus and crypt cells were also obtained and characterized. These antibodies have been used to study the expression of cell- and tissue-specific functions during differentiation and development of the intestinal epithelium. Contrary to results obtained with polyclonal antisera, no inactive forms of the brush border enzymes have been detected in the crypt cells. The identification of cell surface components expressed at different levels of the villi, and in both undifferentiated and differentiated intestinal cells, suggests that cell differentiation in the intestinal epithelium is a continuous and gradual process involving both transcriptional and translational regulation of different sets of genes.
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PMID:Study of intestinal cell differentiation with monoclonal antibodies to intestinal cell surface components. 393 Mar 13

The hybridoma technique, originally developed by G. Kohler & C. Milstein, is a powerful new experimental approach for analysis of complex biological systems, and is particularly suited for identification and study of surface-membrane antigens. This technique has been used for the production of monoclonal antibodies to intestinal brush border membrane proteins. Spleen cells, obtained from BALB/c mice immunized with purified brush border membranes, were fused with NSI mouse myeloma cells, and hybrids were selected with a culture medium containing hypoxanthine, aminopterin and thymidine (HAT medium). Hybridoma cultures were screened for production of specific antibodies by radio-immunobinding assays and by immunofluorescent staining of intestinal frozen sections. Selected hybridoma cultures were cloned twice and used for the production of large amounts of antibodies, which were characterized. Nineteen monoclonal antibodies have been prepared to date, about half of them specifically staining the brush border membrane of mature enterocytes. Ten of the antibodies specifically immunoprecipitate surface-membrane proteins, which were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate slab-gel electrophoresis, by two-dimensional slab-gel electrophoresis, and by specific enzyme assays. Two antibodies were found to be specific for sucrase-isomaltase, one for an aminopeptidase, two for an isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase that is present exclusively in the proximal small intestine, and one for maltase-glucoamylase. These monoclonal antibodies, and others prepared by similar techniques from mice immunized with a wide variety of intestinal subcellular fractions, should prove invaluable tools for the study of the biosynthesis of cell-surface proteins, the fetal and postnatal development of specific intestinal functions, and the process of cell differentiation in the intestinal epithelium.
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PMID:Use of monoclonal antibodies in the study of intestinal structure and function. 634 93

An IgG2a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) reacting with the brush border of the renal proximal tubule and glomerular capillary wall was produced by fusion of NS1 myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with renal brush border preparations from rat kidney cortex. This antibody reacts with a 90,000 mol. wt protein which can be isolated by immunoprecipitation of radiolabelled brush border or glomerular preparations and localized on these structures by immunoperoxidase electron microscopy, thus demonstrating the presence of common antigenic determinants. Survey of various organs showed that the MoAb reacted with the brush border of the gut, but also with antigens associated with the distal vascular system. In the liver antigenic determinants were located along the sinusoid walls but mainly on bile canaliculi. Specific glomerular binding could be demonstrated in vivo by immunofluorescence after an intravenous injection of 2 mg of antibody or by paired label methodology using tracer amounts. Kinetics however were dramatically different from those observed in classical passive Heymann nephritis since glomerular binding was transient during the first hours after injection. Binding was also found in tubular structures, as well as in lung, liver, spleen and heart. These results identify a well defined antigen-antibody system responsible for the formation of transient extramembranous glomerular deposits and may be relevant to some human cases of glomerulonephritis. They may also provide new models to study glomerular and tubular transfer of membrane bound antibodies.
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PMID:A monoclonal antibody to brush border and passive Heymann nephritis. 636 76

Fusion of spleen cells from a mouse immunized with a surgical specimen of a human renal carcinoma with murine P3 myeloma cells resulted in the establishment of a hybridoma cell line that secreted a monoclonal antibody (MKi-1), of IgG1 subclass, which preferentially reacted on kidney crude membrane (CM) preparations. This monoclonal antibody was tested by solid-phase radioimmunometric assay and immunofluorescence (IF) on a panel of tumor cell lines and on CM preparations and cell suspensions from surgical specimens of normal and neoplastic tissues. In addition, cryosections of normal and cancer tissues of various histologic types were tested by IF. The expression of the MKi-1 antigen was limited to normal kidney epithelium, renal cancers, some areas in the pancreas, the apical region of some breast ducts, and a proportion (5-50%) of activated lymphocytes. Electron microscopic study by the immunoperoxidase technique on fixed sections from normal kidney showed that MKi-1 stained the brush border of almost all proximal tubules. The molecule recognized by MKi-1 was a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 140,000.
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PMID:Human renal antigen defined by a murine monoclonal antibody. 637 56

In contrast to healthy persons, microvillous antigens of the proximal tubule were excreted at an increased rate in patients with kidney diseases as could be shown using specific antisera against brush border (BB) fragments (tissue-proteinuria, histuria). These urinary membrane components were immunologically completely identical with those antigens prepared from isolated kidney cell membranes. A glycoprotein of 240 000 dalton, containing mannose and N-acetylglucosamine was identified as a major immunoreactive constituent of the brush border surface and found to be part of a multienzyme complex. BB-antigens were excreted in urine of patients with glomerulonephritis, hypertension, pyelonephritis, multiple myeloma, after operations, after kidney transplantation, under cytostatic treatment, and after administration of radiopaque agents. Histuria of BB-antigens was significantly higher in patients with multiple myeloma and Bence-Jones-proteinuria compared to those patients where no Bence-Jones L-chains in urine became apparent. Selective kidney angiography and intravenous urography caused a significantly higher output of BB-antigens as compared to the control period (2 p less than 0,005). In a volunteer model, on the basis of BB-histuria, a different nephrotoxic potency of cephalosporins and aminoglycosides arose. In addition, beside soluble BB-antigens, also high molecular weight membrane vesicles were discovered in urine of patients after cytostatic treatment (cis-platinum), after x-ray contrast media, and after kidney transplantation. Both, soluble as well as supramolecular membrane vesicles were isolated from urine applying immunospecific affinity chromatography (anti-BS-agarose beads). Labeled antisera directed against the vesicle material of urine revealed a specific immunofluorescence of cortical tubule only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Immunodiagnosis of kidney tubular cell injuries using specific anti-membrane antibodies]. 638 21

Based on 2 case presentations - acute renal failure (ARF) due to myeloma kidney and due to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor administration in the presence of transplant artery stenosis - new aspects in the pathogenesis of ARF are presented and discussed. The multifactorial pathogenesis of ARF includes (a) a disturbance of glomerular microcirculation (afferent and perhaps mesangial constriction, inadequate efferent dilatation); (b) a disturbance of medullary microcirculation (medullary capillary congestion) attributed to a combination of endothelial damage and tubular dilatation; (c) tubular cell damage which, though rarely in humans justifying the term 'acute tubular necrosis', promotes both backleak of glomerular filtrate and shedding of brush border vesicles; (d) the latter promotes tubular obstruction by casts which consist of Tamm-Horsfall protein and brush border components. Once ARF is established, repair processes set in which appear to depend on growth factors such as epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor 1, of which there is a relative shortage in established ARF. Experimental therapeutic approaches focus on the restitution of microcirculation (endothelin receptor antagonists, atriopeptins), interference with cast formation (integrin receptor blockers), and the promotion of recovery by growth factors.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of acute renal failure: new aspects. 920 Apr 3


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