Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hybrid cells were prepared by fusin an immunoglobulin-secreting mouse myeloma lin e (B cell) with an allogenic T-cell lymphoma which expresses the surface antigen Thy 1. The resulting hybrids expressed H2 antigens of both parental cells and secreted the immunoblobulin of the myeloma parent but did not express the Thy 1 antigen of the lymphoma parent. Twenty-one hybrids were formed from fusion of the same myeloma line with TNP-SRBC-primed spleen cells. Most of the hybrid lines exhibited characteristics expected for the fusion of the myeloma to B lymphocytes. No hybrids between the myeloma line and spleen T cells were identified as none of the hybrids expressed the T-cell-specific antigen Thy 1. We discuss possible reasons for failure to produce hybrids with T-cell characteristics in these types of fusion.
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PMID:Fusion of T and B cells. 30 23

A competitive radioimmunoassay for a saline-soluble human thymus-leukemia-associated antigen (HThy-L) was applied for quantitation of this antigen in leukemia and normal hematopoietic cell lines. Highly increased quantities of HThy-L were detected in all T-cell leukemia lines tested, regardless of the presence or absence of receptors for sheep erythrocytes. This elevated level of HThy-L in combination with high terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and adenosine deaminase activities and the presence of a T-lymphocyte-specific surface antigen appear to represent stable phenotypic characteristics of T-cell lines. Most normal B-cell lines had low quantities of HTy-L. The level of HThy-L was slightly elevated in a considerable number of lymphoma B-cell lines and in all non-T, non-B leukemia cell lines tested. No relationship existed between quantities of HThy-L and an expression of different surface immunoglobulin isotypes in B-cell lines. Low quantities of HThy-L were detected in leukemia myeloid and myeloma cell lines as well as in B-cell leukemia lines originating from patients with B-cells acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Apparently, the increased quantities of HThy-L in T-cell leukemia lines may be related to certain stages of T-cell differentiation at which leukemia cell transformation occurs.
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PMID:Quantitation of human thymus-leukemia-associated antigen in established hematopoietic cell lines by radioimmunoassay. 31 16

A newly discovered genetic marker in the kappa light chains of mouse immunoglobulins is described. This marker, designated kappa-PC8, is located in the L chains of those anti-phosphorylcholine (PC) antibodies which show the same functional and idiotypic characteristics as a PC-binding myeloma protein, HOPC 8 (H8). Analytical isoelectric focusing of these L chains revealed two phenotypes whose strain distribution pattern suggested a genetic association with genes that determine the T lymphocyte surface antigen(s) Ly-2/Ly-3. In four strains , AKR/J, C58/J, RF/J and PL/J (AKR-type, A) the H8-like L chains have a slightly lower isoelectric point than those of C57L/J and 12 other strains (C57L-type, B). Breeding experiments showed that the kappa-PC8-A phenotype is preferentially expressed. The most probable location of the marker is the variable region since other idiotypically related kappa-chains in C57L/J and AKR/J do not show differences in their electrophoretic mobility.
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PMID:Genetic marker in the variable region of kappa chains of mouse anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies. 82 99

Expression of CAMPATH-1H, a humanized MoAb directed against an abundant surface antigen on human lymphocytes, has been studied using transfected myeloma cells. As the site of chromosome integration of DNA transfected into a cell is random we investigated the feasibility and frequency of hitting a 'jackpot' site for expression after co-transfection with CAMPATH-1H heavy and light chain constructs in genomic context. A cell line generating 40 micrograms/ml of CAMPATH-1H in spent culture supernatant was achieved. The full nucleotide sequence of the CAMPATH-1H heavy and light chain cDNA clones is also shown, in addition a comparison of the effector mechanisms, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement dependent cytotoxicity, of myeloma cell and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell-derived CAMPATH-1H is reported.
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PMID:Humanized monoclonal antibody CAMPATH-1H: myeloma cell expression of genomic constructs, nucleotide sequence of cDNA constructs and comparison of effector mechanisms of myeloma and Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived material. 133 22

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 13 healthy hepatitis B vaccines were transformed with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) producing antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs antibodies). Seven LCL and two clones secreting human anti-HBs monoclonal antibody were generated and their antibodies purified. One clone was fused with a mouse myeloma and the antibody from a cloned anti-HBs secreting heterohybridoma purified. One of the 10 purified human anti-HBs antibodies was characterized as IgG4, the remainder were IgG1. The antibodies had either kappa or lambda light chains. Five of the antibodies which were conjugated to horseradish peroxidase recognised the "a" group determinants.
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PMID:Development and characterization of human anti-HBs antibodies. 137 11

The last decade has seen major advances in the acquisition of knowledge concerning both the cellular and molecular genetics of multiple myeloma. Although discrete and specific changes associated with the plasma cell disorders have yet to be identified, a pattern is emerging that one can associate with the plasma cell disorders. This pattern includes the frequent involvement of chromosomes 1 and 14, and in particular presence of the 14q+ abnormality. But in addition there are typically many other numeric and/or structural changes that can, in fact, involve almost any chromosome, but particularly chromosomes 3, 5, 6, and 7, as well as 11, 14, 17, and 18. The presence of one or more unidentified marker chromosomes is also a typical feature. The ongoing challenges include identification of a crucial initial genetic change (if such exists) as well as the factors contributing to the ongoing karyotypic evaluation that results in complex karyotypes in patients with advanced disease. There is no doubt that the complex karyotypic picture contributes to the major heterogeneity of plasma cells that occurs in malignant plasma cell disorders. Karyotypic complexity underlies heterogeneity in cell morphology, surface antigen expression, response to cytokines, and a variety of other functional characteristics. The aberrant expression of antigens normally found on other hematopoietic progenitors has led to speculation about the true nature of the stem cell in myeloma. The overriding challenge, however, is to fully understand the plasma cell disorders at the molecular level. Although changes have already been noted in the functions of C-myc, the ras family of oncogenes, Bcl-2 expression, and several so called anti-oncogenes such as p53, it is likely that we have only begun to scratch the surface in the area of molecular changes. The potential for involvement at multiple molecular sites and the possibility of complex interactions between gene segments is truly overwhelming. However, it is hoped that at the molecular level a pattern will ultimately emerge. It is most interesting, as previously discussed, that there is an interplay among C-myc, N-ras, Bcl-2, and the Epstein-Barr virus in the predilection for a plasma cell phenotype. Undoubtedly there is much more to learn, and it is truly exciting to finally have some tools and probes at hand to more effectively study the genome in multiple myeloma and related disorders.
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PMID:Cellular and molecular genetic features of myeloma and related disorders. 158 85

Monoclonal antibodies against infective third-stage larvae (L3) of Brugia pahangi were generated from mice immunized with L3 antigens. The monoclonal antibodies were L3 stage-specific or stage-nonspecific. A BpG1 monoclonal antibody (IgG1 subclass) showing L3 stage-specificity was examined in detail. BpG1 recognized the surface of B. pahangi L3 and also reacted with the surface of Brugia malayi L3 but not with the surface of filarial worms of other genera, such as Acanthocheilonema viteae and Litomosoides carinii. BpG1 promoted cellular adhesion to the surface of B. pahangi L3. BpG1 bound on living L3 was shed but the shedding rate was relatively slow. The surface antigen recognized by BpG1 had a molecular weight of 58 kDa. It was stable to heat and periodate treatments but sensitive to trypsin digestion and was released from living L3 by SDS but not by Triton X-100 or CTAB. Preincubation of L3 with BpG1 significantly reduced the recovery rate of worms compared with the preincubation with a monoclonal antibody (IgG1 subclass) against the inner tissues of B. pahangi L3 or control supernatant of P3U1 myeloma cells. This result suggests that the antigen containing the BpG1 epitope may be one of the targets of a protective immune response against Brugia infection.
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PMID:Brugia pahangi: production of a monoclonal antibody reactive with the surface of infective larvae. 163 60

Among 262 inpatients with hematologic diseases who were referred for chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy between January, 1985, and December, 1989, nine (3.4%) patients, including two with Hodgkin's disease (HD), three with acute myeloblastic leukemia, one with chronic myelogenous leukemia, two with multiple myeloma and one with aplastic anemia, were found to be hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers before their chemotherapy began. All six HBV carriers who received chemotherapy containing glucocorticoid showed mild-to-moderate elevations in serum transaminase levels after the chemotherapy. Five showed a rise in titer of the hepatitis B surface antigen, HBsAg. In contrast, three HBV carriers not receiving glucocorticoid showed no change in serum transaminase after chemotherapy. One HBV carrier with HD suffered from severe icteric hepatitis after the withdrawal of multiagent chemotherapy containing glucocorticoid. The HBV-DNA polymerase rose markedly and was accompanied by a marked rise in titer of HBsAg. The results warn us to keep in mind the possibility of glucocorticoid inducing an activation of HBV infection, which may result in severe hepatitis in some HBV carriers. Although further investigation is required, it is recommended that HBsAg-positive patients with hematologic malignancies should, if possible, be treated without glucocorticoid.
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PMID:Activation of hepatitis B virus infection by chemotherapy containing glucocorticoid in hepatitis B virus carriers with hematologic malignancies. 175 16

One hundred and four patients with malignant lymphoproliferative disorders and 5,690 control subjects were screened for the presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in their sera. Lymphoproliferative disorders included in the study were acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), non Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), Hodgkin's disease (HD), Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and multiple myeloma (MM). Screening was done by the Reverse Passive Haemagglutination method using the Welcome kit. The percentage antigenaemia in the patients and control subjects were 35.6 and 7.7% respectively (p less than 0.0001). Using the Odds ratio the relative risk was found to be 6.75. The Odds ratio for individual disorders ranged from 2.8 to 9.17. The results suggest an association between Hepatitis B surface antigenaemia and malignant lymphoproliferative disorders and highlights the risk involved in handling specimens from the patients.
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PMID:Hepatitis B surface antigenaemia in patients with malignant lymphoproliferative disorders. 181 50

The immunological phenotypes of lymphocytes and myeloma cells in 48 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) were analyzed using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Myeloma cells were positive for OKT10, BL3, PCA1 and BA2. In a few cases, they were also positive for the B cell-associated antigens J5, B1 and I2. Eight of 48 cases had more than 15% J5-positive lymphocytes, and some lymphocytes in MM expressed plasma cell-associated antigens (PCA1, BL3, OKT10), suggesting a possible clonal involvement. These observations demonstrate the heterogeneity of surface antigen expression of myeloma cells and suggest that BL3, PCA1, BA2 and J5 may be useful mAbs for purging myeloma cells from bone marrow for autologous transplantation.
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PMID:Immunophenotypic analysis of lymphocytes and myeloma cells in patients with multiple myeloma. 210 50


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