Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nested case-control studies of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (52 cases), multiple myeloma (20 cases), nonlymphocytic leukemia (39 cases), and lymphocytic leukemia (18 cases) were conducted within a cohort of employed men from two chemical manufacturing facilities and a research and development center. Exposure odds ratios were examined in relation to 111 work areas, 21 specific chemicals, and 52 chemical activity groups. Associations were observed for a maintenance and construction subgroup (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) and a chlorohydrin production unit (nonlymphocytic leukemia). The odds ratio for the association of "foremen and others" with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was 3.2 (CI95 = 1.47-7.2) based on 11 cases. A duration-response trend was observed for the chlorohydrin unit with three of four cases assigned 5+ years to that unit. An association between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and assignment to strong acid alcohol production units (OR = 8.3; CI95 = 2.3-30.7) was not supported by a duration-response trend. Two highly correlated chemical groups, antioxidants (five cases) and nitriles (four cases), were over-represented among multiple myeloma cases. A duration effect was observed. However, examination of work histories did not reveal common jobs or departments among these cases.
 ...
PMID:Lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue cancer in a chemical manufacturing environment. 255 14

The B-cell neoplasms, multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, frequently become drug resistant, despite initial responses to chemotherapeutic drugs. Tumor cells from eight patients with clinically drug-refractory disease were evaluated by immuno-histochemical staining for monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) expression, nuclear proliferation antigen, P-glycoprotein (P-gly) expression, and other cellular antigens. P-gly was detected on tumor cells from six of eight patients with drug-resistant disease. Of the six patients with P-gly-positive tumors, five patients had advanced multiple myeloma and one had a drug-refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cellular RNA analysis confirmed the over-expression of P-gly. In an effort to overcome drug resistance, a pilot study evaluated possible verapamil enhancement of chemotherapy in these eight patients. All patients had developed progressive disease while receiving a regimen containing vincristine and doxorubicin, and seven of eight patients had previously received continuous infusion vincristine and doxorubicin plus oral dexamethasone (VAD). At the time of progressive disease, continuous infusion verapamil was added to the VAD regimen. Three of the eight patients who were refractory to vincristine and doxorubicin alone responded when verapamil was added to VAD. The three patients who responded had P-gly-positive tumors. Verapamil increased the intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin and vincristine in vitro for both a P-gly-positive myeloma cell line and tumor cells from two patients with end-stage myeloma which over-expressed P-gly. The dose-limiting side effect associated with the addition of verapamil to chemotherapy was temporary impairment of cardiac function, manifest as hypotension and cardiac arrhythmia. We conclude that P-gly expression occurs in drug-refractory B-cell neoplasms and may contribute to the development of clinical drug resistance. However, other factors, such as the proliferative activity of the tumor, may also play a role in determining response to chemotherapy. The administration of verapamil along with VAD chemotherapy may partially circumvent drug resistance in patients whose tumors over-express P-gly.
 ...
PMID:Drug-resistance in multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: detection of P-glycoprotein and potential circumvention by addition of verapamil to chemotherapy. 277 86

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were measured by C1q-solid phase method in ninety-five patients with various hematologic diseases. The results showed significantly higher CIC levels in patients with acute myelocytic leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, aplastic anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) than CIC levels in normal controls. However, there was no significant difference in such levels in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma when compared to normal controls. In this study, the level of CIC did not relate to prognosis for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The findings demonstrated that a high level of CIC in patients with ITP usually responded poorly to steroid treatment. Other immunosuppressive agents were indicated in these cases. Therefore, the CIC level may serve as a therapeutic guide for the treatment of patients with ITP.
 ...
PMID:Circulating immune complexes in patients with hematologic diseases. 260 74

In a series of 320 patients with lymphoid neoplasms treated with polychemotherapy, three patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and one with myeloma were diagnosed as having neutropenic enterocolitis (NEC). All patients were adult, all had received multiple chemotherapeutic drugs and, during neutropenia, they had clinically presented with fever and abdominal pain, generally in the right lower quadrant. The diagnosis was clinical in all cases, and the imaging techniques provided only the suspicion of retro-cecal abscess in one of them. Two patients were operated on because of the development of features of peritoneal involvement, another because of septic shock and another because of retro-cecal abscess. Surgery and pathological study confirmed the diagnosis. The fundamental findings were ileocecal wall edema, mucosa ulceration, local necrosis, hemorrhage and thrombosis, and clusters of bacterial colonies without evidence of granulocytic or tumoral infiltration. NEC can develop with varying types of morphological involvement resulting in a highly variable clinical severity spectrum ranging from nonspecific abdominal symptoms to acute abdomen. Thus, diagnosis is very difficult and is only possible with a high suspicion index. It should rely on clinical data, which are unique, to assess the evolution and to indicate medical or surgical therapy. These therapeutic modalities should be individualized in each patient. All physicians treating neutropenic patients should be familiar with this condition and consider it in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain.
 ...
PMID:[Neutropenic enterocolitis during treatment of lymphoproliferative neoplasms]. 261 46

Previous New Zealand case-control studies have found increased risk for leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma in farmers. We report here a further series of New Zealand Cancer Registry based case-control studies of farming and site-specific cancer risks. These involved 19,904 males aged 20 years or more who were registered with cancer between 1980 and 1984. For each cancer site, the registrations for other sites formed the control group. Farmers had elevated risks for malignant melanoma (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [Cl] 1.05-1.50), and for cancer of the lip (OR = 2.43, 95% Cl 1.81-3.27), rectum (OR = 1.19, 95% Cl 1.03-1.38), bone (OR = 1.95, 95% Cl 1.00-3.80), prostate (OR = 1.26, 95% Cl 1.13-1.41) and brain (OR = 1.34, 95% Cl 1.04-1.74). Decreased risks were observed for cancer of the larynx (OR = 0.66, 95% Cl 0.45-0.96), lung (OR = 0.70, 95% Cl 0.63-0.77) and testis (OR = 0.58, 95% Cl 0.39-0.88). Livestock farmers had a relatively high risk for brain cancer, while the risk for cancer of the lip was highest among dairy farmers. Farmers also had increased risks for cancer of the lymphatic and haematopoietic system (International Classification of Disease 9th edn (ICD) 200-208) (OR = 1.24, 95% Cl 1.08-1.42), leukaemia (OR = 1.24, 95% Cl 0.99-1.55) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (OR = 1.24, 95% Cl 0.99-1.56), as described previously.
 ...
PMID:Cancer risks in New Zealand farmers. 262 Oct 12

Bone marrow autotransplantation involves the administration of very high doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, or both, followed by infusion of autologous hematopoietic stem cells. This treatment was used in the past as a salvage therapy for patients with end-stage cancers. Occasional cures in patients with chemotherapy-responsive malignancies encouraged oncologists to utilize this treatment earlier when a better result might be achieved. This has led to a substantial number of long-term disease-free survivors in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, acute leukemia, and neuroblastoma. Studies are currently ongoing in the treatment of breast cancer, multiple myeloma, testicular cancer, and ovarian cancer. Important areas for future investigation include the identification of optimal criteria for patient selection and timing of the therapy, the need for infusion of hematopoietic stem cells as cloned hematopoietic growth factors become available, the identification of the most effective high-dose regimens, and the need for "purging" tumor cells from the marrow before re-infusion. Successfully addressing these issues will increasingly require large comparative trials.
 ...
PMID:Bone marrow autotransplantation. 264 72

The occurrence of treatment-related hematologic malignancies after adjuvant therapy with alkylating agents for gastrointestinal cancers, ovarian carcinoma, and breast cancer and after treatment for Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, germ-cell tumors, and multiple myeloma has been well documented. Adjuvant chemotherapy is frequently used for the treatment of early stage breast cancer, and to date there has been no increase in the incidence of secondary myelodysplastic syndromes or acute leukemia after cyclophosphamide-based regimens when compared with surgical controls. This report describes two patients who developed acute myelocytic leukemia only after exposure to cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil adjuvant therapy. These two cases of acute leukemia, which developed 3 years after diagnosis of breast cancer and initiation of chemotherapy, were characterized by trilineage dysplasia and pancytopenia, and had abnormalities of chromosomes 5 and 7: characteristics consistent with treatment-related leukemia. Many women are diagnosed with early stage breast cancer each year who are potential candidates for adjuvant therapy. Although certain subgroups of patients have been shown to benefit from adjuvant therapy, continued efforts must be directed at identifying responders so that others will not be exposed to the additional risks of chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Secondary acute myelocytic leukemia after adjuvant therapy for early-stage breast carcinoma. A new complication of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil therapy. 274 58

The t(11;14)(q13;q32) is a recurring translocation that occurs infrequently but non-randomly in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. The putative oncogene BCL-1 located at the chromosomal band 11q13 has been cloned previously from a B-cell CLL with t(11;14). We studied the molecular structure of the BCL-1 gene in eight B-cell NHL tumors that exhibited a break at 11q13. The cytogenetic changes in these tumors were t(11;14) in three, t(1;11;14)(q32;q13;q32) in two and dup(11)(pter----q23::11q13----ter) in three. The BCL-1 gene was found to have rearranged in two tumors. By Southern blot analysis of single and double digested DNA from placenta and from the tumors, we mapped the breakpoint in BCL-1 to a 0.5 kb Pst-I-HindIII restriction fragment which was approximately 2kb away from the sites of previously mapped breakpoints. Sequential hybridization of Southern blots of these tumors with different immunoglobulin probes (for J region, Cu, Su) and BCL-1 probe identified co-migrating fragments with Su probe after BamHI restriction digestion. These results demonstrate that translocation breaks in the BCL-1 gene are not clustered in a short stretch of DNA at 11q13, and that the translocation related breaks in the immunoglobulin heavy chain can occur outside the joining region. The implications of these observations to the genesis of chromosomal translocations during B cell development are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Molecular analysis of breaks in BCL-1 proto-oncogene in B-cell lymphomas with abnormalities of 11q13. 278 1

A series of case-control studies was conducted to investigate cancer risks among farmers. These studies were based on Missouri Cancer Registry data for 15,000 white male patients, including 1720 subjects classified as farmers, registered between 1984 and 1988. For each cancer site, all other cancer registrations formed the control group. The largest risks among farmers were found for lip cancer (odds ratio [OR], 3.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.99 to 4.73) and cancer of the bone (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 0.66 to 5.81). Elevated risks were observed for several other sites, including the nasal cavity and sinuses (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 0.54 to 4.70), prostate (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.51), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.85), and multiple myeloma (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.87 to 2.24). Other smaller elevations in risk were noticed for cancer of the rectum (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.53), liver (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.58 to 2.37), malignant melanoma (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.63 to 2.45), kidney (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.65), and leukemia (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.55); however, some of these estimates were imprecise due to small numbers. The overall OR for lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers was 1.28 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.56). Consistent with previous studies, a decreased risk of lung cancer was observed among farmers (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.76). The current findings are presented in the context of other recent studies, including discussions of possible causes of farming-associated excess cancer risk and possible sources of bias.
 ...
PMID:Cancer risks among Missouri farmers. 280 30

Failure of host defense systems associated with malignancies may be attributable to the tumor, to cytoreductive therapy or to combined endogenous and iatrogenic influences. Management of the resulting increased susceptibility to infections may require supplementation of antibiotic therapy with additional forms of treatment, including passive immunization with antibodies. This review discusses the use of immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous administration (IVIG) in patients with secondary immunodeficiencies associated with neoplasia. A suitable model for evaluating the prophylactic effect of IVIG is chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Many observations suggest that IVIG reduces the frequency of acute respiratory infections. Another malignant condition with decreased serum levels of polyclonal immunoglobulins and high frequency of infections is multiple myeloma. A crossover study recently demonstrated that IVIG significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced the frequency of respiratory tract infections in these patients. Furthermore the prophylactic effect of IVIG was evaluated in patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung. In a randomized prospective trial it was noticed that IVIG applied during intensive chemotherapy and irradiation courses significantly (P = 0.04) reduced the frequency of infections. Evidence for a therapeutic effect of IVIG was obtained in adult tumor patients and in children with leukemia or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who developed severe varicella-zoster virus infections. The treatment effectively controlled fever, skin lesions and neuralgia and prevented progression of the infection. Therapeutic usefulness of IVIG in bacterial infections is still based on anecdotal evidence. Experimental data suggest that in addition to effects mediated by specific antibodies, nonspecific interactions of IgG molecules with Fc-receptors on macrophages may be clinically important.
 ...
PMID:Prophylactic and therapeutic use of immunoglobulin for intravenous administration in patients with secondary immunodeficiencies associated with malignancies. 284 Jun 30


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>