Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alpha-1-fetoprotein is an example of a circulating, measurable tumor product of diagnostic and therapeutic value. The involvement of its synthesis could be a result of a premalign cellular change in cell biochemistry. Contrary to the synthesis of trophic hormones in certain undifferentiated neoplasms, alpha-1-fetoprotein in hepatoma is specific for the organ origin of the tumor. Unlike the immunoglobulins in myeloma or the corticosteroids in adrenocortical tumors, it is a protein that normally can be synthetized in the fetus only. The purpose of the present paper is to discuss a new method for testing serum samples of blood donors being suspected of an alpha-1-protein by means of counterelectrophoresis. The diagnostic value is shown in a blood donor who could be singled out as a suspect of primary liver carcinoma only by means of serological testing.
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PMID:[Serological identification of carcinospecific antigens (and their significance as donor screening or for specific groups of diseases)]. 5 22

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) concentrations were measured by a radial immunodiffusion assay in 233 patients with various malignancies. In 96 of these, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was also measured by radioimmunoassay. The concentration of HbF exceeded 2 SDs above the normal mean in 39 of 233 patients, most notably in patients with leukemia, lymphomas, multiple myeloma and testicular tumors. The proportion of HbF was not correlated with the total hemoglobin concentration or with serum AFP concentration.
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PMID:Fetal hemoglobin and alpha-fetoprotein in various malignancies. 7 80

Five monkeys were treated ip with N-nitrosodiethylamine (DENA), and one was treated with 1-nitrosopiperidine (PIP), starting within 2 months of birth, until hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developed. All animals except the PIP-treated monkey had much elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) values. Fresh, minced, biopsy-derived tumor was cultured with L-[14C]leucine and L-[14C]lysine. Synthesis of AFP was determined by radioimmunoassay and by specifically precipitable [14C]AFP. Good agreement between these two parameters was obtained for the 4 DENA-induced tumors synthesizing AFP in culture. Tumor from 1 DENA-treated monkey did not synthesize AFP. In addition, neither normal liver nor tumor from the PIP-treated monkey showed AFP synthesis. Rates of synthesis were 0.37-5.50 ng AFP/mg tumor/day, or 0.0012-0.0183 pg AFP/cell/day (if one assumes 3.0 X 10(5) cells/mg tissue) over 48 or 72 hours. Different nodules from the same animal had similar rates of synthesis. For tumors that synthesized AFP in culture, a positive correlation was generally found between rate of synthesis and serum AFP level. The rate of in vitro AFP synthesis observed was lower than that of immunoglobulin synthesis in human myeloma or of AFP synthesis in a rat HCC, but it was close to the estimated rate of AFP synthesis in a monkey HCC line in long-term culture.
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PMID:In vitro alpha-fetoprotein synthesis by monkey hepatocellular carcinoma. 7 69

Serum beta2-microglobulin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in patients with various malignant neoplasms, ascitic patients, and also patients with definite or suspected hepatoma showing variable levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein. Elevated serum beta2-microglobulin levels greater than 2.5 mg/liter were found in various malignant neoplasms, especially in multiple myeloma (66.6%) and hepatoma (60.4%) The ascites/serum ratio of beta2-microglobulin levels in the patients with malignant ascites is significantly higher than in those with non-malignant ascites. However, ascites/serum ratios of total protein, IgG, albumin, creatinine levels were not significantly different between the two groups. Levels of serum beta2-microglobulin were correlated well with those of alpha-fetoprotein in the patients with definite or suspected hepatoma (r=0.72, P less than 0.001). From these results it was concluded that (1) high levels of serum beta2-microglobulin in these patients could be attributed to its hyperproduction by tumor cells or by the cells which had been infiltrated and activated, (2) it is useful to estimate the ascites/serum ratio of beta2-microglobulin levels in differentiating malignant from non-malignant ascites, and (3) it might suggest that a function of beta2-microglobulin is in some way related to that of alpha-fetoprotein, and the alpha-fetoprotein-synthesizing cells secrete a great deal of beta2-microglobulin, although its function remains unclear.
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PMID:Beta2-microglobulin levels of serum and ascites in malignant diseases. 8 Mar 42

Radial immunodiffusion assay was used to measure fetal hemoglobin (HbF) concentrations in 312 patients with various malignancies. In 305 of these, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was measured by radioimmunoassay. The concentration of HbF exceeded 3 SDs above the normal mean in 68 of 312 patients, most notably in patients with leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, bladder carcinoma and testicular tumors. HbF was correlated with total hemoglobin concentration and with serum AFP concentration in hepatoma and bladder carcinoma.
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PMID:Fetal proteins in various tumors. 8 98

An antibody-lectin enzyme immunoassay technique which had been developed for the analysis of sugar chains of alpha-fetoprotein (N. Kinoshita et al., Clin. Chim. Acta, 179: 143-152, 1989) was used for analysis of sugar chains of myeloma immunoglobulin G (IgG). The IgG sugar chains of four of nine patients with myeloma were found to be highly reactive to Lens culinaris agglutinin as compared with those of six normal controls and 177 patients without myeloma. This reflected a high L. culinaris agglutinin/concanavalin A ratio. The IgGs of these patients were found to have highly sialylated, fucosylated, and bisected biantennary sugar chains at Fab portions as judged by the lectin-blotting technique as well as by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. These results indicate that some of the myeloma IgG proteins undergo unusual glycosylation processes.
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PMID:Glycosylation at the Fab portion of myeloma immunoglobulin G and increased fucosylated biantennary sugar chains: structural analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography and antibody-lectin enzyme immunoassay using Lens culinaris agglutinin. 193 56

Enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical study was carried out on 16 cases of Hodgkin's disease in order to elucidate the origin of Hodgkin's cell and Reed-Sternberg cell. Both Hodgkin's cell and Reed-Sternberg cell do not have tumor markers such as lysosome enzyme, alpha-fetoprotein, and fibronectin, and these cells do not form either Es or EoxACm rosettes. A great number of cells in most cases contained intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin and showed gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity on the cell membrane and in cytoplasm. Since gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is an enzyme related to the transport of amino acid into cell, it is assumed that there is an intake of amino acid in these cells followed by synthesis of protein. Enzyme histochemically, both Hodgkin's cells and Reed-Sternberg cells resemble multiple myeloma cells rather than B-cells in acute lymphocytic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia and T-cells or monocytes.
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PMID:Hodgkin's disease--a histochemical study with special emphasis on the character of Hodgkin's cell and Reed-Sternberg cell. 613 29

A monoclonal antibody specific for human alpha-fetoprotein (HAFP) was derived by the hybridoma technique. Spleen cells from mice immunized with pure HAFP were fused with a mouse myeloma cell line (P3x63-Ag-8) and an anti-HAFP secreting hybridoma cell line was cloned in soft agarose. The HAFP specific antibody was shown to be a monoclonal IgG1 subclass with extremely high avidity for HAFP.
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PMID:Derivation and characterization of a monoclonal hybridoma antibody specific for human alpha-fetoprotein. 616 69

Splenocytes of rats immunized with mouse alpha-fetoprotein (MAFP) and cells of mouse myeloma NS-I were used to obtain hybridomas that synthesize antibodies to MAFP (anti-MAFP). Antibody activity was determined by the two tests: solid-phase ELISA and indirect immunoperoxidase staining of the regenerating liver sections of mice poisoned with CCl4. After recloning of one of the hybridomas a clone that effectively synthesized anti-MAFP was selected and reproduced. Anti-MAFP were isolated from cultural fluid of the clone by sorption-elution on CnBr-activated sepharose 4B conjugated with purified MAFP. Monoclonal origin of anti-MAFP has been demonstrated by electrophoretic homogeneity of the preparation, and by its appurtenance to one of the subclasses of rat IgG. Anti-MAFP does not precipitate MAFP but distinctly inhibits the formation of the precipitation line by MAFP and rabbit antibodies to MAFP in the zone of diffusion of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal anti-MAFP were high-effective in the reaction with MAFP in both tests. Anti-MAFP specificity is directed to one of the MAFP determinants that is common to rat and human alpha-fetoprotein.
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PMID:[Monoclonal antibodies to mouse alpha-fetoprotein]. 618 26

Monoclonal antibodies to rat alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were produced by hybridization of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice immunized with rat AFP. The monoclonal antibodies as well as horse anti-rat AFP were coupled via a dextran bridge to daunomycin. Both types of conjugates were tested in vitro and in vivo for their anti-tumor activity. They were equally cytotoxic to rat AH66 hepatoma cell line in culture. Rats challenged with hepatoma cells were treated with the conjugates either by intraperitoneal or intravenous injections. Daunomycin conjugates with horse anti-AFP and monoclonal mouse anti-AFP were capable of delaying the tumor development more efficiently than the controls of antibodies or free drug, mixtures of drug with antibodies, and a conjugate of drug and normal immunoglobulin. The specific conjugates were considerably more effective when the treatments were given intravenously. The specific conjugates produced 60% long-term survival, whereas the controls delayed only slightly tumor development.
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PMID:Chemotherapy by intravenous administration of conjugates of daunomycin with monoclonal and conventional anti-rat alpha-fetoprotein antibodies. 618 54


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