UMLS:C0026764 - FACTA Search

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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This research was the study of hemato-malignancy to clarify their cell origin and biological character by 14 monoclonal antibodies, which were 13 antibodies as surface or differentiate markers and Ki-67 as cell proliferating nuclear marker. Ki-67 recognizes PC-antigen in nuclear. 23 cases of lymphoid malignancy were selected out of 104 cases of hemato-lymphoid disorders, which were consulted to the second department of pathology of Hokkaidou University for marker study or histologic investigation. 21 cases was malignant lymphoma (primary biopsy, 18 cases non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, 3 cases Hodgkin's lymphoma), And 2 cases were myeloma (one autopsy case, multiple myeloma; another biopsy case, solitary myeloma of the thoracic bone). By the result of this study, the strong correlation was found the expression of surface or differentiate markers between the cyto-histomorphology of the lymphoid malignancy. Especially, the result of Ki-67 did clarify more vividly the biological character of these lymphoid malignancy than that of surface or differentiate markers. The results obtained by western-blotting and immuno-electron microscopy of Ki-67 showed that PC-antigen was one of the preribosomal granules in granular component of nucleolar and it's MW was about 30 KD. I discussed this point from the morphological aspect in this paper and concluded that the fact which PC-antigen was one of preribosomal granules is the reason of Ki-67 serving as the cell proliferating nuclear marker.
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PMID:[The immunohistological study of the lymphoid malignancy using cell surface or differentiating markers and cell proliferating nuclear marker]. 326 66

Four cases of plasmacytoma (PC), six cases of multiple myeloma (MM), and nine cases of immunoblastic lymphoma (IL) of B-cell phenotype were studied with a large panel of monoclonal antibodies applied to frozen tissue sections. There were no significant differences in the immunophenotypes of plasmacytomas and multiple myelomas. However, significant immunophenotypic differences were noticed between the plasmacytoma/multiple myeloma cases (PC/MM) and the immunoblastic lymphoma specimens. The PC/MM cases characteristically stained with alpha (or gamma) and T10 and did not usually stain with mu, leukocyte common antibodies, certain B-lineage antibodies (B1, T015, 4G7, 6A4), or Ia. In contrast, IL sections usually did not stain with alpha or T10 and generally did stain with mu (or gamma), leukocyte common antibodies, B-lineage antibodies, and Ia. Ki-67, an antibody to proliferating cells, stained significantly fewer cells in PC/MM than in IL and stained significantly fewer cells that had a good clinical outcome. We conclude that although no one antibody is useful in distinguishing PC/MM from IL, the application of a panel of antibodies may be helpful in making this distinction. The prognosis may correlate with the numbers of proliferating cells as measured by reactivity with Ki-67.
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PMID:Immunophenotypic differences between plasmacytoma/multiple myeloma and immunoblastic lymphoma. 335 76

Between December 1990 and January 1994, bone marrow (BM) samples from 151 patients with multiple myeloma (MM), including 117 patients evaluated at diagnosis, were collected for cytogenetic analysis. A total of 129 patients had assessable metaphases (100 patients at diagnosis). Cytogenetic studies were performed on BM cells after longterm cultures (6 days) with stimulation of cultures by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), GM-CSF plus interleukin (IL)-6, IL-3 plus IL-6, or GM-CSF plus IL-3 plus IL-6 to improve myeloma cell growth, and 91 patients had an additional unstimulated culture. Sixty-six patients (51%) had cytogenetic abnormalities, including 47 of 100 patients at diagnosis (47%) and 17 of 24 patients at relapse (71%; P = .04). The aberration rate increased with stage (P = .007), BM plasmacytosis (P = .003), beta 2 microglobulin level (P = .001), C-reactive protein (CRP) level (P = .001), and Ki-67 (P = .007). The abnormality detection rate was higher in stimulated than unstimulated cultures, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .01). Hyperdiploidy was observed in 39 patients (30% of patients with an assessable karyotype) and hypodiploidy in 19 patients (15%). Among numeric changes, gains predominantly involved chromosomes 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 19 and losses, chromosomes 8, 13, 14, and X. The most frequent loss was loss of chromosome 13, observed in 22 patients (15%), including 18 patients at diagnosis (12%). We observed frequent structural changes of chromosomes 1 (15%) and 14 (10%) but also a 5% incidence of 19q13 abnormality and two patients with translocation t(1;16)(p11;p11). By using the proportional hazard univariate model, patients with abnormal karyotypes were demonstrated to have 2.5-fold greater chance of death than patients with normal karyotypes (P < .014). Despite a multivariate approach with the same model, the respective roles of karyotype abnormality, age, stage, and beta 2 microglobulin level could not be clearly ascertained. From these results we conclude that cytogenetic analysis using stimulation of cultures by cytokine(s) may be a promising method to identify about 50% of cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with newly diagnosed MM. Cytogenetic analysis may help to define a high-risk population that would benefit from intensive therapeutic approaches.
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PMID:Improved cytogenetics in multiple myeloma: a study of 151 patients including 117 patients at diagnosis. 753 17

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is different from multiple myeloma (MM) by a low proliferation and by its indolent clinical course. In this study, two biological parameters were investigated which mark the transition from MGUS to MM, i.e. expression of the P-170 glycoprotein associated with the multidrug resistance phenotype (MDR-1) and expression of the natural killer cell antigen. CD56. Strong MDR-1 expression was found in plasma cells of 32/38 untreated MGUS as compared with 33/105 untreated MM stage I-III (84% v 32%, P < 0.001) and in 0/10 normal plasma cell samples. CD56 expression in high density was present in 43/57 analysed untreated MM but in none of 23 MGUS (78% v 0%, P < 0.0001). Plasma cells did characteristically show a low Ki-67 proliferation index in 14/15 MGUS patients (mean 0.05%, range 0-0.2%) and a higher index in 25 analysed MM patients (mean 2.31%, range 1-7%, P < 0.03). These data indicate that MDR-1 expression together with absence of CD56 expression and a low proliferation index can be used to separate MGUS from MM.
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PMID:Analysis of multidrug-resistance (MDR-1) glycoprotein and CD56 expression to separate monoclonal gammopathy from multiple myeloma. 767 88

The number of circulating plasma cells (CPC) was determined on mononuclear cell preparations after Giemsa (morphology) and light chain staining (immunocytochemistry). Both methods gave reproducible and identical results when CPC were 1% or more. Using this limit, no CPC were observed in MGUS (0/11) and primary amyloidosis (0/2), whereas 45/98 (45.9%) multiple myeloma (MM) pts had > or = 1% CPC. 3/14 pts (21.4%) in stage I, 5/13 pts (38.5%) in stage II, 20/28 pts (71.4%) in stage III, 4/25 pts (16%) at plateau phase, and 13/18 pts (72.2%) at relapse had > or = 1% CPC (p < 0.001). Mean beta-2 microglobulin was 3.77 mg/l and 6.08 mg/l for pts without or with > or = 1% CPC, respectively p = 0.0001). Presence of CPC was also correlated with an higher percentage of bone marrow PC, but not with the number of Ki-67 positive BM-PC, and not with CRP or LDH levels. K/L and Gamma/Alpha CPC isotype ratio showed these cells as monotypic in nearly all pts. The prognostic value could not really be assessed in this study, as only the initial response to therapy was investigated, and the latter failed to give any difference between pts with and without CPC. So, presence of CPC is not an infrequent finding, but is highly related to tumor mass and active disease; in most if not all patients they are monotypic and certainly belong to the malignant clone. Their prognostic value is unclear but under current investigation; CPC are correlated with B-2M level.
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PMID:Significance of circulating plasma cells in multiple myeloma. 781 10

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine postulated to play a central role as a growth factor for multiple myeloma (MM). We evaluated the spontaneous secretion of IL-6 in supernatants of Ficoll-Hypaque--enriched bone marrow (BM) cultures from 35 patients with MM. The levels of IL-6 were correlated with biological and clinical characteristics of the disease. High levels of IL-6 production defined a subgroup of patients with low tumor burden as determined by lower serum beta 2-microglobulin (B2M) (P = .02) and lower percentage of myeloma cells infiltrating the bone marrow (P = .003), higher synthetic rates of monoclonal protein (P = .006), and low proliferative compartments as measured by the percentage of Ki-67--positive myeloma cells. Patients with high proliferative fractions (Ki-67--positive myeloma cells > 20%) had significantly lower levels of IL-6 when compared with patients with low proliferative fractions (P = .005). Our findings do not support IL-6 as a major growth factor for MM, but demonstrate an association of high levels of IL-6 secretion with low tumor cell burden and low proliferative fraction.
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PMID:High levels of interleukin-6 are associated with low tumor burden and low growth fraction in multiple myeloma. 814 57

The proliferative activity of the haematopoietic and plasma cells in bone marrow was evaluated under normal and neoplastic conditions, by means of a sequential double immunostaining technique, using monoclonal antibody MIB-1 recognizing the cell proliferation-associated nuclear antigen Ki-67, and antibodies against glycophorin-C, myeloperoxidase, factor VIII-related antigen, and immunoglobulin light chains. Fifty-eight B5 fixed, paraffin-embedded bone marrow biopsies were analysed, including 11 normal controls. 10 cases of myelodysplasia, 14 cases of chronic myeloproliferative disorder, eight cases of acute non-lymphoid leukaemia, and 15 cases of myeloma. In normal marrows, the highest proliferative activity was noticed in the erythroid cells (75% to 95%; mean 90%), in comparison with myeloid precursors (15% to 80%; mean 38%), and megakaryocytes (10% to 20%; mean 14%): no Ki-67 positive plasma cells were found. In all investigated haematological disorders, the expression of MIB-1 by erythroid cells was similar to that observed in controls. Similarly, the percentage of MIB-1 + myeloid precursors in chronic myeloproliferative disorders and myelodysplasia largely overlapped the values observed in normals, and comparable values were also found in the blast cells from acute non-lymphoid leukaemia type M1 and M2. These findings suggest that the evaluation of either erythroid or myeloid proliferative activity is of little value in the differential diagnosis between these myeloproliferative disorders. By contrast, the obvious increase of Ki-67 expression of megakaryocytes in chronic myeloproliferative disorders, with labelling also of micro-megakaryocytes, might sustain the diagnosis in controversial cases. Since cases of mature myeloma showed less than 2% of Ki-67 positive cells, evaluation of proliferative activity is of no value in the differential diagnosis with reactive plasmacytosis. The sequential double immunophenotyping for Ki-67 antigen and for haematopoietic cell lineage-associated markers can be applied in a consistent manner to routine bone marrow biopsies to evaluate proliferating cells in normal and neoplastic conditions.
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PMID:Assessment of cell proliferation in normal and pathological bone marrow biopsies: a study using double sequential immunophenotyping on paraffin sections. 857 29

In order to clarify the clinical usefulness of the morphological classification of multiple myeloma (MM) originally proposed by Greipp, et al. and modified by us, Giemsa-stained MM cells in bone marrows obtained from 61 untreated patients were analyzed. According to the original classification, there was no significant difference in survival time between the patients with plasmablastic MM and those with other types. However, the mean survival time of each type of MM according to the modified classification was 2014 days in mature MM, 1564 days in intermediate MM, 967 days in immature MM, and 254 days in plasmablastic MM. The survival time of plasmablastic MM was significantly shorter than those of other types. DNA aneuploidy was observed more frequently in plasmablastic MM than in other types. Furthermore, PCNA- and Ki-67-positive rates were higher in plasmablastic MM than in other ones. Four of five patients with plasmablastic MM who were treated with VAD(vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone) regimen showed no significant effect, and most patients with the type died of sepsis or renal failure. From these results, it was concluded that patients with plasmablastic MM have a poor prognosis. Moreover, our modified classification is recommended as a clinically useful approach for selecting treatment strategy and predicting an accurate prognosis.
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PMID:[Usefulness of the modified Greipp's morphological classification of multiple myeloma cells]. 899 Sep 39

Using three-colour phenotypic analysis, we detected five subpopulations of myeloma cells (CD38++) in the bone marrow mononuclear cells of human myeloma patients: MPC-1-CD45-CD49e-, MPC-1-CD45+CD49e-, MPC-1+CD45-CD49e-, MPC-1+CD45+CD49e- and MPC-1+CD45+CD49e+. Most of the myeloma cells did not express CD45 but a few MPC-1- immature myeloma cells and some MPC-1+ myeloma cells expressed CD45 and CD45RO but not CD45RA, whereas all of normal early plasma cells in the peripheral blood, lymph node plasma cells and bone marrow plasma cells expressed CD45 and CD45RA, CD45RB but not CD45RO. In order to clarify the biological character of these myeloma subpopulations, we examined the expression of Ki-67 antigen. Proliferating myeloma cells (Ki-67+) were found in the MPC-1- fractions and the MPC-1-CD45+ fractions rather than MPC-1-CD45- fractions. Next, in order to further clarify the biological difference of two immature subpopulations (MPC-1-CD45-CD49e- and MPC-1- CD45+CD49e-), determined cell viability and phenotypic change after culturing with interleukin 6 (IL-6) in vitro. In the presence of IL-6, MPC-1-CD45+ cells kept their viability more than MPC-1-CD45- cells and some MPC-1-CD45- cells could be converted to MPC-1-CD45+ cells. In conclusion, these data suggest that human myeloma cells are phenotypically subdivided into five subpopulations, and among these subpopulations MPC-1-CD45+CD49e- but not MPC-1-CD45-CD49e- immature cells contain proliferating cells in response to IL-6, and IL-6 can also induce expression of CD45 on MPC-1-CD45- subpopulation of immature myeloma cells.
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PMID:MPC-1-CD49e- immature myeloma cells include CD45+ subpopulations that can proliferate in response to IL-6 in human myelomas. 1023 76

The major vault protein (MVP), a ribonucleoprotein complex which mediates the transport of xenobiotic toxins, has been implicated in multidrug resistance (MDR) not mediated by p-glycoprotein (P-gp) or multidrug resistance related protein (MRP). We evaluated, via immunohistochemistry, the presence of MVP in plasma cells of myeloma patients. Among 73 patients registered with the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG), 52 patients (74%) were positive for MVP. The presence of MVP and P-gp were significantly associated (p < 0.01). A univariate analysis of response versus MVP positivity showed borderline statistical significance (p = 0.043) with no association with OS or PFS. In particular, MVP positivity at first biopsy was associated with non-responsiveness to therapy (7/7 patients, 100%). MRP was not present in any of 23 samples tested. An increased proliferative rate (Ki-67 > 5%) was significantly associated with shorter OS (log rank p-value = 0.0002). The collective work indicates that MVP protein is common and abundant in myeloma with potential relevance to therapeutic response.
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PMID:The major vault protein (MVP), a new multidrug resistance associated protein, is frequently expressed in multiple myeloma. 1043 68

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