Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Potentiation of the cytotoxic effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by interferon on human tumor cells was examined. The human neoplastic cell lines used were HeLa (uterine cervical cancer), MCF-7 (mammary cancer), WI-38 CT-1 (embryonic lung fibroblasts transformed in culture by Co-60 gamma-ray irradiation), KMM-1 (myeloma), and Raji (Burkitt's lymphoma). As a normal human cell strain, WI-38 (embryonic lung fibroblasts) was used. The cytotoxic effects were determined by colony formation. Each cell line was different in sensitivity to interferon or 5-FU. Interferon potentiated synergistically the cytotoxic effects of 5-FU on HeLa, WI-38 CT-1, and KMM-1 cells. In the case of Raji cells, the cytotoxic effects of the combination of interferon and 5-FU were additive. Neither synergistic nor additive lethal effects of the combination of the two agents were observed in MCF-7 and WI-38 cells. The present results indicate a possibility that a combined treatment with interferon and 5-FU may be effective in certain types of human cancers.
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PMID:[Combined effects of 5-fluorouracil and interferon on proliferation of human neoplastic cells in culture]. 619 94

The La antigen recognized by certain lupus erythematosus autoantibodies was found to be predominantly associated with 7 S RNA in baby hamster kidney cells and human Raji cells, but not in HeLa cells where mainly the 7-2 RNA was associated with the La protein. In mouse myeloma cells (MPC-11) and mouse lymphoma cells (WEHI) that secrete immunoglobulins, equal amounts of 7 S and 7-2 RNAs were present in anti-La immunoprecipitates. The highly conserved 7 S RNA is a component of the signal recognition particle involved in protein secretion (Walter, P., and Blobel, G. (1982) Nature (Lond.) 299, 691-698), and its association with the La antigen appeared to be cell-type specific. Thus, it is possible that the La-7 S RNA association correlates with the abundance of 7 S RNA or with the secretory activity of the cell type.
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PMID:Association between the 7 S RNA and the lupus La protein varies among cell types. 619 54

A hybrid cell line (Cl-51) producing an anti-capsid antibody was obtained by fusion of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice immunized with purified P3HR-1 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Immunofluorescence showed that the Cl-51 antibody reacted with the cytoplasm and the nucleus of P3HR-1 and B95-8 cells, but not with Raji, BJAB, Molt-4, and superinfected Raji cells in the presence of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). The viable P3HR-1 and B95-8 cells were not stained nor was the viral infectivity neutralized. The Cl-51 antibody immunoprecipitated 123,000 and 120,000 dalton polypeptides of P3HR-1 and B95-8 cells, respectively, and both were sensitive to phosphonoacetic acid. Specific reactions were not evident with extracts of Raji cells and superinfected Raji cells in the presence of Ara-C. An analysis of the purified virus particles showed that this antibody recognized a capsid component of EBV.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody specific for capsid antigen of Epstein-Barr virus. 630 79

Of several human fusion partners available for the production of monoclonal antibodies, only SKO-007 and RPMI 8226 have phenotypic features characteristic for myeloma cells. Cells from both lines exhibited abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with a prominent Golgi apparatus, few free ribosomes, condensed nuclear chromatin, and absence of the Epstein-Barr virus determined nuclear antigen (EBNA). However, following prolonged passage of these lines, the amount of immunoglobulin (Ig) production has declined. The other cell lines, GM 1500 6TG-A11, KR-4, B6, HS-Sultan, and Raji possessed the phenotypic characteristics of B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and B-lymphomas including surface Ig expression, sparse RER, free polyribosomes, a poorly developed Golgi apparatus and strong EBNA expression. Accordingly, they secreted little (nanograms) or no Ig. However, hybrids constructed with two LCLs secrete very large amounts of Ig despite their expressed morphologic similarity to the parental lines. These data indicate that morphology can still be used as an important consideration in choosing a human fusion partner but other parameters such as fusion frequency, cloning efficiencies, and growth rates may be equally important.
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PMID:A comparative analysis of the phenotypic characteristics of available fusion partners for the construction of human hybridomas. 633 55

A monoclonal antibody directed against double stranded DNA obtained by fusion between myeloma cells and spleen cells from auto-immune B/W Mice, binds to protein(s) at the plasma membrane of human B lymphoblastoid cell lines Raji.
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PMID:[A new specificity for anti-DNA antibodies]. 643 Apr 73

Hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies that bind to a surface antigen of human neutrophils have been prepared by fusion of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice immunized with human neutrophils. Several of the monoclonal antibodies (AHN 1-6) were specific for a neutrophil surface antigen and did not bind lymphocytes, monocytes, red blood cells, platelets, or basophils. All of the granulocyte-specific antibodies immunoprecipitated a polypeptide of 145,000 daltons and an isoelectric point of about 4.5 and other heterogeneous polypeptides of 105,000 daltons. These same components were the major lactoperoxidase-labeled proteins precipitated by hyperimmune mouse serum. The antibodies were further characterized for binding to several human myeloid leukemia cell lines and cells from patients with myeloid or lymphoid leukemia. All antibodies bound the HL-60, ML1, ML2, ML3, K562, and U937 myeloid leukemia cell lines. None of the antibodies bound the RPMI 6410 Raji, RPMI 8226, MOLT 4, or Daudi lymphoid cell lines. All of the hybridoma cell lines (AHN 1-6) produced IgM antibodies that were cytotoxic.
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PMID:A human granulocyte-specific antigen characterized by use of monoclonal antibodies. 684 44

The lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA) and CD19 monoclonal antibody have been covalently linked to magnetic beads and utilized in an in vitro purging system for autologous bone marrow in multiple myeloma (MM). An alternative to mechanical purging involves the use of immunotoxins to provide specifically targeted cellular toxicity; however, no studies to date have examined the utility of a lectin-ricin A chain (RCA) combination as a purging agent in MM. Initially, we studied the internalization of PNA by target cells (Raji) using flow cytometry. The surface fluorescence intensity of PNA-treated Raji cells was reduced upon incubation at 37 degrees C, and subsequent studies with fixed cells detected the endocytosed PNA. Complete internalization occurred within 120 minutes, indicating the potential of PNA as a purging agent. We manufactured a novel PNA-RCA conjugate and demonstrated its strong and specific binding to PNA reactive cell targets. Subsequent experiments assessed the toxicity of the conjugate to Raji cells and normal bone marrow progenitor cells. 3H-leucine uptake assays showed that PNA-RCA was capable of reducing protein synthesis in Raji cells and that the toxic effects were specific. In addition, at concentrations of conjugate achieving greater than 99% selective cytotoxicity for Raji cells, adequate CFU-GM were preserved in normal marrow. These studies suggest that PNA-RCA may be of value as an in vitro purging agent for MM.
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PMID:The synthesis of a peanut agglutinin-ricin A chain conjugate: potential as an in vitro purging agent for autologous bone marrow in multiple myeloma. 749 62

Using the C.B.17 scid mouse strain, we have developed a model of disseminated leukaemia and myeloma using five human cell lines, CCRF-Cem, Molt-4, Raji, IM9 and HS-Sultan. Introduction of any of these cell lines by either an intravenous or an intraperitoneal route eventually kills the mouse due to leukaemia or myeloma cell load. Neoplastic cells can be found in the blood, liver and bone marrow. Intraperitoneal transfer produces a local solid tumour whereas intravenous transfer produces foci of neoplastic cells in the spine and brain. A single dose of melphalan is able to increase survival time from infection of a lethal dose of the T-cell leukaemia cell line, CCRF-Cem.
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PMID:The C.B.17 scid mouse strain as a model for human disseminated leukaemia and myeloma in vivo. 802 1

Recent phenotypic analysis of plasma cells showed that normal plasma cells do express the B-cell lineage-specific molecule CD19, but their malignant counterpart (myeloma cells) are CD19-. To clarify the meaning of loss of CD19 antigen on myeloma cells, we first compared the expression of CD19 and Pax-5 genes among B cells, normal plasma cells, myeloma cell lines, and primary myeloma cells, because the Pax-5 gene was reported to encode the transcriptional factor, B-cell-specific activating protein (BSAP), necessary for CD19 gene expression. Neither CD19 nor Pax-5 mRNA could be detected in those primary myeloma cells and cell lines, whereas normal plasma cells did express both CD19 and Pax-5 mRNA. Furthermore, we could confirm that BSAP-binding activity was not detected in the nuclear extract from CD19- myeloma cell line (KMS-5) but was detected in CD19+ B-cell line (Raji) by gel-shift assay. We further examined the expression of E2A and Id genes, because E2A and Id are considered to be positive and negative regulators in the expression of Pax-5 gene, respectively. However, no significant differences in the expression of these E2A and Id-2 genes could be observed between myeloma cells and normal plasma cells. Therefore, these data suggest that the altered expression of Pax-5, but not E2A or Id, is responsible for the loss of CD19 expression in human myeloma cells, although the underlying mechanism of the altered Pax-5 gene expression remains to be clarified.
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PMID:Altered expression of Pax-5 gene in human myeloma cells. 863 90

We have developed a serum-free medium designated RDSF for the generation of LAK cells based on RD6F medium, which was originally developed as a serum-free medium for the growth of myeloma and hybridoma cells. The cytotoxic activity of LAK cells generated in RDSF against Raji, K562 and oral cancer cells, is 3-4 times that of LAK cells generated in medium containing 10% human type AB serum. RDSF medium consisted of nutrient mixture supplemented with transferrin, 2-aminoethanol, 2-mercaptoethanol, sodium selenite and interleukin-2. In this study, we have found that insulin which has been shown to be the most important polypeptide hormone in serum-free media for animal cells, inhibited the generation of cytotoxic activity of LAK cells cultured from peripheral blood lymphocytes. In addition, we found that transferrin was an essential component for the growth and generation of LAK cells in serum-free culture. These results suggest that RDSF may be useful in adoptive immunotherapy for cancer as well as for studying factors involved in the growth and differentiation of LAK cells.
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PMID:Effects of insulin and transferrin on the generation of lymphokine-activated killer cells in serum-free medium. 881 14


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