Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five monoclonal antibodies to human (h) FSH have been prepared, isolated, and characterized. They were produced by hybridomas derived from FO myeloma cells and spleen cells from mice immunized with hFSH or its beta-subunit (hFSH beta). Two of the antibodies (A101 and A102) which recognized the alpha-subunit of hFSH bound much better when alpha was associated with the beta-subunit forming the intact hFSH molecule than when alpha was in free form. These antibodies showed 9-10%, 2-3%, and 1-3% cross-reactions with alpha-subunits in hTSH, hCG, and hLH, respectively. Two antibodies (B201 and B202) recognized only free beta-subunit. One antibody (B305) recognized free beta-subunit and native hFSH. There was no significant cross-reaction of these antibodies to FSH beta with hTSH, hLH, and hCG. Using solid phase competitive binding and sandwich assays, we compared the epitopes for these antibodies. Antibodies A101 and A102 recognize the same epitope on hFSH alpha. Antibodies B201 and B202 recognize different epitopes, but they seemed to be adjacent. Antibody B305 bound a different epitope than B201 and B202. Such characteristics of these antibodies can be useful for sensitive and specific assay of hFSH or hFSH beta and also may be helpful in studying FSH interaction with its receptor.
 ...
PMID:Monoclonal antibodies against human follicle-stimulating hormone. 241 47

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a 40,000 dalton glycoprotein composed of two non-identical alpha- and beta-subunits. HCG and other related pituitary hormones, such as human luteinizing hormones (HLH), human follicle stimulating hormone (HFSH), and human thyroid stimulating hormone (HTSH), consist of nearly identical alpha-chains. However, their beta-chains show a variable degree of amino acid sequence homology. Detection and subsequent quantitative determination of HCG in human biological fluids is useful in early diagnosis of pregnancy and in monitoring of tumor patients. For these applications monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) with defined specificity are required. Several hybridomas secreting McAbs to HCG have been isolated. The hybridoma cells have been developed by fusion of NS1 myeloma cells with spleen cells of Balb/C mice immunized with HCG. With the aid of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, six McAbs were characterized. McAbs A-73, A-76 and A-112 recognize an epitope present on the alpha-HCG subunit. McAbs B-68, B-69 and B-106 recognize an antigenic determinant associated with the beta-HCG subunit. Two of these McAbs: B-68 and B-69 are directed against an epitope on the B subunit specific to the HCG molecule and B-106 McAb towards an epitope common to HCG, TSH, LH and FSH molecule. In a hemagglutination test, only the A-73 McAb is capable of inducing agglutination of sheep red blood cells coated with HCG, thus suggesting that this McAb recognizes a repeating epitope on the alpha-HCG molecule.
 ...
PMID:Development of monoclonal antibodies directed against different epitopes of human chorionic gonadotropin. 243 77

Noncross-reactive monoclonal antibodies specific for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were obtained after pre-selection for submolecular specificity with a synthetic peptide immunogen. Mice were immunized with a synthetic peptide representing a segment unique to the beta-subunit of hCG (amino acid residues 109-145), conjugated to diphtheria toxoid. We then derived nine different hybridomas that secreted monoclonal antibodies reactive with both native hCG and isolated C-terminal peptide, after somatic cell hybridization of immune spleen cells with a nonsecretory myeloma cell line. None of the nine monoclonal antibodies, termed beta-hCG-CTPa1----a9, reacted with hLH, hFSH, or hTSH, although these pituitary hormones display extensive amino acid sequence homology with hCG. The noncross-reactive anti-beta-hCG monoclonal antibodies show apparent association constants on the order of 10(9) to 10(10) M-1. A sandwich-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was set up with cut-off values of around 5 mIU/ml. These antibodies might have important implications for: a) improving the diagnosis and clinical management of pregnancy; b) monitoring the course of development of carcinomas which secrete the hormone, through in vitro assays or in vivo radioimmunodetection; c) evaluating the antibodies' therapeutic potential against such carcinomas; d) studying the biologic functions of the C-terminal segment of beta-hCG; and e) addressing the anti-fertility effect of antibodies raised against that segment.
 ...
PMID:Non-cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies to human chorionic gonadotropin generated after immunization with a synthetic peptide. 257 64

Somatomedin C, also called insulin-like growth factor I (Sm-C/IGF-I), is a highly conserved polypeptide required for the proliferation of many cell types. Since several attempts in our laboratory to recover monoclonal antibody-secreting hybrids to this peptide by the direct fusion of hyperimmunized splenocytes with myeloma cells had been unsuccessful, we modified our approach by coculturing hyperimmunized BALB/c splenocytes and a small amount of the antigen for 5 days prior to fusion with the P3X63Ag.8.653 myeloma cell line. Of 88 microcultures at risk, specific antibody was detected in 24. Two clones were expanded in ascites fluid and characterized as to isotype, affinity, and specificity. Both were IgG1,kappa and bound human Sm-C/IGF-I with affinity constants of 1.09 and 1.01 X 10(10) liter/mol, respectively. Both clones were quite specific for Sm-C/IGF-I with inconsequential binding to insulin-like growth factor II, multiplication-stimulating activity, any of the chymotryptic fragments of Sm-C/IGF-I, insulin preparations, hGH, hTSH, mEGF, or mouse albumin. In vitro boosting after primary in vivo immunization appears to provide monoclones of an IgG isotype in contrast to primary in vitro immunization, which reportedly favors an IgM isotype. The antibodies produced in this study have proved to be extraordinarily useful in defining the physiologic role of Sm-I/IGF-I with immunoneutralization techniques and in the purification of human Sm-C/IGF-I by affinity chromatography.
 ...
PMID:Derivation of monoclonal antibodies to human somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor I. 368 3

Female Balb/c mice were immunized with human thyroid stimulating hormone (hTSH). The spleen cells of responding mice were used in a cell fusion with NS1 mouse myeloma cells to define 27 stable anti-hTSH hybridomas. The antibody-secreting cell lines, designated SY/T8/1-6, were characterized and three were found to be completely specific for h-TSH while the other three showed some cross reactivity with LH and hCG. Six of the monoclonal antibodies have been well characterized and their parent hybridomas isolated and banked at -196 degrees C for future studies. The hybridomas have been raised from liquid nitrogen and recultured in RPMI 1640 medium. Progress is being made in the investigation of the growth characteristics of these hybridoma cell lines.
 ...
PMID:Production and growth of hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to human thyroid stimulating hormone. 404 40

Monoclonal antibodies directed against human thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were obtained from hybrid myelomas, following fusion of mouse NSI myeloma cells with mouse spleen cells. Ten different antibodies were obtained from 4 separate fusions. Eight antibodies were of the IgG1 subclass. Affinities of antibodies for TSH were in the range 2 x 10(8)-5 x 10(10) M-1. Five of the antibodies were specific for TSH and did not react with LH, FSH or hCG. The remaining antibodies reacted with all these hormones and were assumed to recognise their common (alpha) subunit. The 5 specific antibodies fell into 3 subgroups recognising distinct antigenic determinants, whereas the 5 non-specific antibodies recognised a single determinant or closely related set of sites. It is concluded that these antibodies should be valuable reagents for use in sensitive and specific two-site immunoradiometric assays.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against human thyroid stimulating hormone. 710 29

Spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with human thyroid stimulating hormone (beta-subunit) were fused with mouse myeloma cells (P3/X63-Ag8) and five hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were obtained. These hybridomas specifically recognize (hTSH) and do not cross-react with the other human glycoprotein hormones such as: luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hcG). The MAbs were of the IgG1 subclass and ascitic fluid from these hybridomas was purified by affinity chromatography on Protein A-sepharose CL-4B column to isolate the IgG1 active fraction. The affinity constant of these MAbs ranged from 3.2 x 10(10) to 1.5 x 10(11) M(-1).
 ...
PMID:Production and characterization of specific monoclonal antibodies of the human thyroid stimulating hormone. 1100 7

Rising thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in patients being treated for primary hypothyroidism usually indicate poor compliance with thyroxine therapy. In rare instances, drugs or diseases affecting absorption of thyroxine or drugs that accelerate thyroxine metabolism can manifest in a similar fashion. Nephrotic syndrome is a rare cause of such a presentation though its presence can rapidly be suspected by dipstick urine testing. In this report we describe a patient with long-standing primary thyroid failure whose thyroxine dose requirements increased upon development of massive proteinuria. Biochemical testing and renal biopsy subsequently demonstrated nephrotic syndrome and amyloid deposition in association with myeloma. Dipstick urine testing should be considered in all hypothyroid patients with rising TSH levels, where good compliance with thyroxine therapy is likely.
 ...
PMID:Increasing thyroxine requirements in primary hypothyroidism: don't forget the urinalysis! 1685 22

Monoclonal antibodies against human thyroid stimulating hormone (hTSH) are among the key reagents required in the development of an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for hTSH in serum. In this study we have produced and characterized twelve hTSH monoclonal antibodies. Hybridomas were generated by fusion of B-lymphocytes from mice immunized with hTSH and myeloma cells. Clones producing antibodies against hTSH were selected using ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Antibodies from the selected and cloned hybridoma cells were purified by affinity chromatography and their reactivities were tested by ELISA against a panel of antigens, i.e., hTSH, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and milk protein, and also by studying the binding of these monoclonal antibodies with the radioiodinated antigens (hTSH, BSA, and milk protein). It was observed that some of the hTSH monoclonal antibodies produced were polyreactive, reacting with hTSH as well as with unrelated antigen BSA, while others were monoreactive, reacting only to hTSH.
 ...
PMID:Polyreactivity of monoclonal antibodies produced against thyroid stimulating hormone (hTSH). 1742 30