Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reported the production of monoclonal antibodies (McAb) against chorionic gonadotropin (CG) receptor by fusing spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with purified pseudomonas maltophilia CG receptor with mouse myeloma line (SP 2/0). Four hybridoma cell lines secreting CG receptor McAbs were obtained (ED 490, DG 390, AB 890, GE 590). GE 590 is IgG 1; ED 490, DG 390, AB 890 are IgG2b. I125-HCG and ED 490, DG 390. AB 890 recognized CG receptor different antigenic determinant. Increased concentrations of GE 590 were in inverse proportion to the amount of I125-HCG binding to human ovarian tissues showing that normal ovarian tissues and ovarian malignant tumors have different HCG receptor antigenic determinant. This study indicated that these McAbs may be useful in studying the structure of CG receptor and in providing a valuable evidence for early diagnosis and treatment of ovarian malignant tumors.
 ...
PMID:[Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies against chorionic gonadotropin receptor]. 138 18

Balb/c mice were immunized with beta subunit isolated and purified from crude human chorionic gonadotropin preparations. Spleen cells from the higher titered mouse were fused with Sp 2/0 myeloma cells. Four specific secreting hybridomas were obtained. Specificity, affinity, and suitability of secreted antibodies for use in enzyme immunoassays were studied. Ascites of the selected hybridoma was raised; the antibody was purified by protein A-affinity chromatography and coupled to horseradish peroxidase. This conjugate was employed in a simultaneous sandwich enzyme immunoassay on microtiter plates sensitized with goat polyclonal antibody to measure the hormone. The test has a sensitivity of 10 mlU/ml either on urine, serum, or plasma samples when read in a microplate reader. The results can also be evaluated by the naked eye, with a sensitivity of 20 mlU/ml. No cross reactivity was detected with other human gonadotropins.
 ...
PMID:Monoclonal antibodies to beta subunit of choriogonadotropin: development and use in a sandwich ELISA pregnancy test. 138 83

We reported the production of monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against chorionic gonadotropin hormone (CG) receptor by fusing spleen cells of BALB/c mice which had been immunized by purified bacteria (Pseudomonas maltophilia) CG receptor with mouse myeloma line SP2/0. Four hybridoma cell lines secreting CG receptor McAbs were obtained (ED490 DG390, AB890 and GE590). The titers of specific antibodies of both mice ascites and culture supernatant were 10(-2)-10(-6) and 1-10(-2) respectively, by solid phase ELISA. Double-Immunodiffusion test showed that the McAb GE590 was IgG1, and the McAbs ED490, DG390 and AB890 were IgG2b Immunoprecipitation indicated that 125I-HCG could bind the HCG receptor which had reacted with McAbs ED490, AB890 and DG390, suggesting that they may recognize the receptor with different antigenic determinant. Interaction of McAb GE590 with the receptor showed that the increased concentration of GE590 was in inverse proportion to the amount of 125I-HCG binding receptor, indicating that both the McAb and 125I-HCG could recognize a common site of receptor and that increased concentration of McAb GE590 may induce some change in conformation and structure of the receptor. Our study suggested that these McAbs may be used for studying structure of CG receptor.
 ...
PMID:[Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against chorionic gonadotropin receptor and study of its characteristics]. 181 14

As a result of cell fusion between myeloma cell line X63.Ag8.653 and lymphocytes of BALB/c mice immunized with chorionic gonadotropin, growth hormone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone from humans and various farm animals, 148 primary cultures of hybridoma cells were obtained. These hybridomas produced antibodies against the corresponding hormones. The specificities of the resultant monoclonal antibodies, and, in the case of monoclonal antibodies to human chorionic gonadotropin, targeting to certain antigenic regions within the hormone molecule, were characterized in detail. Monoclonal antibodies with specificities different from those previously described were identified.
 ...
PMID:Monoclonal antibodies to human chorionic gonadotropin and certain human and animal hormones of the adenohypophysis. 212 78

Spleen cells from mice immunized with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were fused with mouse myeloma cells and four hybridomas, secreting monoclonal antibodies, were selected for further studies. In cross-check tests against tissue extracts and peptide hormones it was established that mAb IB10 (IgG1) reacted positively against hCG only but not with other hormones. Ascites from this hybridoma was fractionated by ammonium sulphate precipitation and by FPLC to isolate the IgG fraction. Subsequently, the purified mAb was conjugated with horseradish peroxidase and used for development of a simple test for pregnancy diagnosis. Some preliminary experiments have shown that the test is very specific and reproducible.
 ...
PMID:Production and application of monoclonal antibody specific for human chorionic gonadotropin. 219 23

Sixteen tumor markers are reviewed, and measured to the ideal: produced by the tumor cell alone absent in health and in benign disease present in all patients with a given malignancy level in the blood representative of tumor mass detectable in occult disease. The only marker that approaches the ideal is human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in gestational trophoblastic tumors. In this malignancy, the HCG level suggests the diagnosis and stage, confirms response to therapy, and predicts relapse. The three most widely used and intensely studied tumor markers are carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alphafetoprotein (AFP), and HCG. CEA cannot be used in screening for cancer, but in carcinoma of the colon its elevation preoperatively increases the likelihood of advanced disease and postoperative recurrence. Postoperatively, elevated titers are often but not invariably associated with recurrent disease. AFP and HCG are useful in the management of nonseminomatous germ cell testicular tumors. Like CEA, they cannot be used for screening. They are more likely to be increased with advancing stage, and after therapy rising levels almost always mean recurrent disease. Some markers are valuable in specific circumstances, such as calcitonin in screening for familial medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. In multiple myeloma, immunoglobulins are useful in determining the tumor mass and response to therapy. In neuroblastoma, catecholamine metabolites are useful primarily in making the diagnosis. In some malignancies, the absence of effective therapy lowers the value of the marker, as for AFP in hepatoma. The remaining markers are too unreliable or too little studied to be useful in the management of an individual patient with cancer. The purpose of this paper is to provide the clinician with an understanding of the limitations of the present tumor markers that will lead to wiser use of the tests, and to provide standards to which future tumor markers should be measured.
 ...
PMID:Tumor markers: value and limitations in the management of cancer patients. 241 41

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a 40,000 dalton glycoprotein composed of two non-identical alpha- and beta-subunits. HCG and other related pituitary hormones, such as human luteinizing hormones (HLH), human follicle stimulating hormone (HFSH), and human thyroid stimulating hormone (HTSH), consist of nearly identical alpha-chains. However, their beta-chains show a variable degree of amino acid sequence homology. Detection and subsequent quantitative determination of HCG in human biological fluids is useful in early diagnosis of pregnancy and in monitoring of tumor patients. For these applications monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) with defined specificity are required. Several hybridomas secreting McAbs to HCG have been isolated. The hybridoma cells have been developed by fusion of NS1 myeloma cells with spleen cells of Balb/C mice immunized with HCG. With the aid of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, six McAbs were characterized. McAbs A-73, A-76 and A-112 recognize an epitope present on the alpha-HCG subunit. McAbs B-68, B-69 and B-106 recognize an antigenic determinant associated with the beta-HCG subunit. Two of these McAbs: B-68 and B-69 are directed against an epitope on the B subunit specific to the HCG molecule and B-106 McAb towards an epitope common to HCG, TSH, LH and FSH molecule. In a hemagglutination test, only the A-73 McAb is capable of inducing agglutination of sheep red blood cells coated with HCG, thus suggesting that this McAb recognizes a repeating epitope on the alpha-HCG molecule.
 ...
PMID:Development of monoclonal antibodies directed against different epitopes of human chorionic gonadotropin. 243 77

In the present work, using an immunological approach, we have investigated the existence of common epitopes between two receptors of the glycoprotein hormone family, lutropin (LH) and thyrotropin (TSH) receptors. We have immunized high responder mice with purified porcine LH receptors obtained by successive affinity chromatographies on agarose-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) gels. From one fusion of splenocytes with the murine myeloma NSC1, secreting hybridomas were tested for their anti-LH receptor specificities. During sequential selection for this activity including direct recognition of the purified LH receptors in dot-blot assays and displacement experiments of 125I-pLH and 125I-hCG binding to different sources of receptors, we performed a parallel investigation of their anti-porcine TSH receptor activities. Purified immunoglobulins from two of them showed a TSH-like activity on the iodide metabolism of porcine thyroid cell, this activity being related to the phosphoinositide breakdown pathway; moreover, these antibodies obtained after immunization with porcine LH receptors were able to immunopurify human TSH receptors. The double selection process led us to characterize three groups of immunoglobulins: exclusive specificities for lutropin receptors or thyrotropin receptors and cross-reactive specificities. Our results demonstrate the possibility of sequence homologies at the protein and the gene levels between the receptors for the glycoprotein hormone family supporting the hypothesis of a common origin in evolution.
 ...
PMID:Lutropin receptor and thyrotropin receptor share a common epitope. 247 48

Noncross-reactive monoclonal antibodies specific for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were obtained after pre-selection for submolecular specificity with a synthetic peptide immunogen. Mice were immunized with a synthetic peptide representing a segment unique to the beta-subunit of hCG (amino acid residues 109-145), conjugated to diphtheria toxoid. We then derived nine different hybridomas that secreted monoclonal antibodies reactive with both native hCG and isolated C-terminal peptide, after somatic cell hybridization of immune spleen cells with a nonsecretory myeloma cell line. None of the nine monoclonal antibodies, termed beta-hCG-CTPa1----a9, reacted with hLH, hFSH, or hTSH, although these pituitary hormones display extensive amino acid sequence homology with hCG. The noncross-reactive anti-beta-hCG monoclonal antibodies show apparent association constants on the order of 10(9) to 10(10) M-1. A sandwich-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was set up with cut-off values of around 5 mIU/ml. These antibodies might have important implications for: a) improving the diagnosis and clinical management of pregnancy; b) monitoring the course of development of carcinomas which secrete the hormone, through in vitro assays or in vivo radioimmunodetection; c) evaluating the antibodies' therapeutic potential against such carcinomas; d) studying the biologic functions of the C-terminal segment of beta-hCG; and e) addressing the anti-fertility effect of antibodies raised against that segment.
 ...
PMID:Non-cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies to human chorionic gonadotropin generated after immunization with a synthetic peptide. 257 64

A stable aminopterin-sensitive sheep X mouse heterohybridoma cell line (1C6.3a6T.1D7) for use in the generation of sheep monoclonal antibodies is described. The line was first constructed by fusing the mouse myeloma line, NSO, to normal sheep lymphocytes obtained from the efferent lymphatic vessel of a cannulated popliteal lymph node. The line was rendered sensitive to aminopterin through a combination of irradiation and treatment with the anti-metabolite drug 6-thioguanine. Characterisation of the cloned cell line showed that it did not secrete sheep immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules, express Ig on the surface membrane, or express normal sheep B or T cell surface markers. The 1C6.3a6T.1D7 line has remained stable in tissue culture for over 2 years, showing no signs of reversion to aminopterin resistance. The 1C6.3a6T.1D7 cells have been used as fusion partners with lymphocytes from antigen primed sheep to generate sheep monoclonal antibodies to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or a synthetic peptide analogue of the VP1 capsid protein of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). To optimise the efficiency of heterohybridoma generation, comparisons were made of peripheral blood, efferent lymph or excised lymph nodes as sources of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes for fusion. The results showed that lymphocytes prepared from either efferent lymph or lymph node on the fourth day following antigenic stimulation gave similar high fusion efficiencies, and both were vastly superior to peripheral blood lymphocytes. Results were also obtained which showed that the blast cells present in lymphoid tissues due to antigenic stimulation were the major cell types involved in the generation of viable antibody-secreting sheep X sheep X mouse heterohybridomas.
 ...
PMID:Generation of a sheep x mouse heterohybridoma cell line (1C6.3a6T.1D7) and evaluation of its use in the production of ovine monoclonal antibodies. 276 Apr 66


1 2 3 Next >>