Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship between the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and plasma proteins was studied within homogenous clinical material and in vitro models. In acute phase reactions, fibrinogen was the likely cause of the ESR-elevation, but there were significant associations between the ESR and the concentrations of alpha 1-antitrypsin, C3, haptoglobin and albumin. In chronic diseases, the ESR-elevation was probably caused by fibrinogen, mono- or polyclonal increase of IgG, IgA, IgM alone or in combinations. In multiple myeloma of the IgG and IgA subtypes, significant correlations were found between the ESR and the monoclonal proteins or between the ESR and the percentage of plasma cells in bone marrow. Model studies showed that the ESR increased linearly with the concentrations of fibrinogen or gammaglobulin (IgG) when these exceeded normal thresholds. The ESR was slightly decreased by increasing concentrations of albumin. Albumin had a synergistic effect on the ESR together with gamma-globulin, but not together with fibrinogen.
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PMID:The relationship between the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and plasma proteins in clinical materials and models. 53 82

This study was undertaken to evaluate the use of serum alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) in clinical diagnosis of primary hepatic carcinomas with monoclonal antibody-rate nephelometry. BALB/c mice were injected with human alpha 1AT. Spleen cells of the immunized mice and SP2/0 myeloma cells were hybridized in vitro. Monoclonal antibodies against alpha 1AT so obtained were used as detection agents in immuno-chemical monitor system (ICS). In 50 healthy individuals, serum alpha 1AT was 209 +/- 46.04 mg/dl. Serum alpha 1AT was determined in 49 patients with primary hepatic carcinoma, 26 with chronic active hepatitis and 26 with cirrhosis. Their positive rates were 43%, 3.8% and 0, respectively. Serum alpha 1AT level was significantly higher in primary hepatic carcinoma than in chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis patients (P less than 0.001). No difference was found in alpha 1AT between patients with benign liver diseases and healthy adults (P greater than 0.05). The results indicate that alpha 1AT is useful in the diagnosis of primary hepatic carcinomas.
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PMID:[Alpha 1-antitrypsin in clinical diagnosis of primary hepatic carcinoma--an appraisal of monoclonal antibody-rate nephelometry]. 236 69

We studied the influence of plasmapheresis on the plasma concentrations of proteins (IgG, IgA, beta 2-microglobulin) used for estimation of tumour cell mass in patients with multiple myeloma. Simultaneously, the effects of plasmapheresis on plasma concentrations of proteins (CRP, alpha 1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin) used for the assessment of inflammatory processes were studied. Also, changes in the plasma concentration of protein HC, a recently described protein occurring both as a free protein and as an IgA complex, were studied. The influence of plasmapheresis varied for the different proteins. The plasma levels of IgG, IgA, CRP, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and haptoglobin decreased during plasmapheresis. The simultaneous reduction of the level of protein HC was smaller than that of IgG, IgA and haptoglobin. The plasma concentration of beta 2-microglobulin did not decrease during plasmapheresis. The recovery rates of the proteins were found to be approximately inversely related to their molecular weights.
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PMID:Effects of plasmapheresis on the plasma concentration of proteins used to monitor the disease process in multiple myeloma. 245 97

Renal disease is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with plasma cell dyscrasia (PCD). We have conducted a systematic study of the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded renal tissues from 53 patients with plasma cell dyscrasia, 24 of whom had Bence Jones cast nephropathy (with large casts, often associated with giant cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes). A battery of 5 immunocytochemical and lectin markers for various segments of the nephron was used [Tetragonolobus lotus, Arachis hypogaea (AH), Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and cytokeratin (AE1/AE3)]. In particular, we sought to determine the nature of the intratubular multinucleated giant cells in Bence Jones myeloma cast nephropathy with a variety of epithelial and hematopoietic cell markers. Although tubular epithelial cells stain with their respective markers (whether inflamed, thinned, detached, or adjacent to and lining casts), true intratubular giant cells in PCD were never positive for these tubular markers. In approximately one-third of the cases studied, intratubular and extratubular giant cells stained for several of the seven hematopoietic cell markers employed [i.e., alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (A1ACT), vimentin, and lysozyme], suggesting that giant cells are of hematopoietic origin. The majority of the casts are present in the distal nephron, although some casts were noted in more proximal sites of the nephron. Some larger casts did not stain for THP; smaller casts often showed lamination or stratification of THP staining. Finally, in one-half of the cases, Tamm Horsfall protein (THP) and other distal tubular markers (AH, EMA, AE1/AE3) were found in Bowman's space, almost always in association with interstitial deposits of THP; these markers were virtually never noted in Bowman's spaces of PCD patients without numerous large casts. This suggests that there are communications between distal and proximal nephron, most likely by intraluminal reflux but possibly also through breaks in the tubules and via the interstitium.
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PMID:Myeloma cast nephropathy: immunohistochemical and lectin studies. 246 87

The PiZ genetic variant of alpha 1-antitrypsin in its homozygous form is associated with an increased risk for chronic lung and liver disease. About 5% of the population are carriers of one PiZ deficiency gene resulting in intermediate levels of plasma alpha 1-antitrypsin (PiMZ, PiSZ, PiPZ). We report the preparation of a hybridoma cell line, ATZ 11, produced by fusion of spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with a purified liver PiZ alpha 1-antitrypsin and Sp 2/0 Ag 14 mouse myeloma cells. ATZ 11 produces monoclonal antibodies (IgG1 kappa) specifically interacting with PiZ alpha 1-antitrypsin. These antibodies were used in an ELISA procedure permitting easy and accurate identification of PiZ gene carriers. The method is especially well-suited for studying large population samples concerning the putative relationship between intermediate alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and disease.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody specific for the mutant PiZ alpha 1-antitrypsin and its application in an ELISA procedure for identification of PiZ gene carriers. 620 28

The serum levels of five individual serum proteins, i.e. ceruloplasmin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, orosomucoid, haptoglobin and transferrin, were studied in 55 multiple myeloma (MM) patients, in 34 essential monoclonal gammopathy (EMG) patients, in 14 EMG patients excluded for active inflammatory process and in 14 healthy control subjects. Transferrin--negative acute phase reactant (APR)--was significantly decreased and the remaining proteins under study--positive APR--slightly increased in the EMG group compared with healthy controls. Transferrin and ceruloplasmin levels were significantly different when the MM was compared to the EMG group so that these parameters might be useful in differential diagnosis between both groups. In the MM clinical stage III, the differences are even more significant. In the IgG3 MM the APR levels seem to be more significantly changed than in the IgG1 and IgG2 MM. In EMG patients with active inflammatory process who were excluded ceruloplasmin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, orosomucoid and haptoglobin were significantly increased when compared with the EMG group.
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PMID:Acute phase reactant proteins in differential diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy. 640 77

Serum levels of immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) in 105 patients with hematopoietic malignancies, there were 12 cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia, 1 acute monocytic leukemia, 13 myelomonocytic leukemia, 4 acute promyelocytic leukemia, 26 chronic myelogenous leukemia, 22 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 5 Hodgkin's disease, 6 adult T-cell leukemia, 5 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 3 chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and 8 multiple myeloma. High levels of serum IAP were detected in all of the patients except chronic phase of CML, malignant lymphoma in stage I and II, and multiple myeloma. In the cases of malignant lymphoma, serum IAP levels in stage III and IV were higher with statistical significance (p less than 0.01) than those in stage I and II. Serum IAP levels in the patients with CML in blastic crisis were higher than in the chronic phase, so serum IAP levels are useful as one diagnostic parameters in blastic crisis. However, in patients with ANLL in relapse, serum IAP levels showed normal values. Serum IAP levels paralleled those of acute phase reactants such as alpha 1-acid glycoprotein , C-reactive protein, alpha 2-globulin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin, and had inverse correlations with PPD and PHA skin test.
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PMID:[Quantitative measurement and clinical analysis of serum levels of immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) in hematopoietic malignancies]. 673 51

A case of immunoglobulin G (kappa) myeloma showed, in addition to the monoclonal IgG(kappa) arc, two kappa chains in the serum. The urine specimen contained 7.75 g of kappa chains per liter. The electrophoretically fast-moving kappa chain in serum was shown by immunoelectrophoresis and Ouchterlony immunodiffusion to be a complex of kappa chains and alpha 1-antitrypsin. This complex, which was detected only transiently in the patient's blood, was composed of a monomeric kappa chain bound to the antitrypsin by a disulfide bond. The predisposing factor for the formation of this complex is unclear, but patients showing this complex usually have kappa type myeloma protein and excrete kappa chain in urine at more than 1 g/L. The relationship between chemotherapy and formation of the kappa chain-antitrypsin complex needs further investigation.
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PMID:Multiple myeloma protein with three light chains. 680 24

Serum levels of seven specific proteins mostly acute phase reactants (APR) have been studied (transferrin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, C3, ceruloplasmin, orosomucoid) in 14 healthy subjects and in 55 patients with multiple myeloma. The alpha 2-macroglobulin and transferrin are significantly decreased in the myeloma group compared with healthy controls whereas the remaining proteins under study are elevated, significantly only orosomucoid and ceruloplasmin. The APR in the IgG3 myelomas seem to show differences from those of the IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses the levels of the negatively changed proteins being lower, whereas the positive APR higher in the IgG3 myeloma. In the IgA myeloma, however, decreased levels of haptoglobin and alpha 1-antitrypsin have been found in spite of being positive APR. Transferrin and haptoglobin serum level can be included as a new parameter in regression equations for calculation of IgA myeloma cell mass.
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PMID:Acute phase reactants and clinical stages in multiple myeloma. 729 Feb 60

High serum level of bioactive interleukin-6 (IL-6) is regarded as a predictor of poor prognosis in multiple myeloma (MM). On the other hand, the reported levels of immunoreactive IL-6 have been highly variable, and the prognostic value of immunoreactive IL-6 in MM is not clear. We have analyzed the prognostic significance of serum immunoreactive IL-6, as measured by a sensitive immunosorbent assay, in 210 patients with newly diagnosed MM subsequently treated with intermittent melphalan and prednisone. The serum levels of acute phase proteins C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT), and acid alpha 1-glycoprotein (orosomucoid; OM) were evaluated as surrogates for IL-6. Serum IL-6, CRP, alpha 1AT, and OM levels were raised in 42%, 40%, 41%, and 24% of the patients, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the clinical stage of the patients and serum IL-6 (P = .006), alpha 1AT (P = .001), and OM (P = .004) levels at diagnosis. At 3 years, 52% of the patients were alive. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that high levels of IL-6 (P = .002), CRP (P = .02), alpha 1AT (P < .001), OM (P = .007), beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M; P < .001), and thymidine kinase (P < .05) were all associated with 3-year mortality. In multivariate regression analysis, beta 2M (P < .0001) and alpha 1AT (P = .01) had independent prognostic significance. The patients with high levels of both beta 2M and alpha 1AT or IL-6 were at very high risk of dying within 3 years from diagnosis (16% and 21% of the patients in these groups were alive, respectively). When the patients were stratified according to the clinical stage, the prognostic significance of serum IL-6 and alpha 1AT was especially evident in stage II patients. When the patients were divided into two groups according to normal or raised serum IL-6 levels, the patients with high IL-6 levels had more frequent osteolytic bone lesions (P = .03) and a more aggressive disease. We conclude that serum immunoreactive IL-6 is a significant prognostic marker in MM.
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PMID:Immunoreactive interleukin-6 and acute phase proteins as prognostic factors in multiple myeloma. Finnish Leukemia Group. 753 May 7


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