Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study was aimed at the proper detection of surface and cytoplasmic clonal Ig light/heavy chains in the frame of multiparameter flow cytometry analysis of some B-cell malignancies. An exact direct evidence has been obtained that the leukemia cells following staining by antibodies to immunoglobulins will need to be washed to eliminate free plasma Igs. The results of proper Ig detection with simultaneous unaltered staining of further 2-3 markers on the cell surface after elimination of free plasma Ig in the whole blood sample are described. In differential diagnosis of some chronic B-cell malignancies and subclassification of some acute B-leukemias the detection of intracytoplasmic light/heavy chain Igs is required. The unique phenotypic structures of multiple myeloma (MM) cells have been utilized in our approach to detect cytoplasmic Ig light and heavy chains. A modified 2-step method for analysis of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin light chains by flow cytometry in MM patients was used and the method was extended for measurement of IgM heavy chain in B-ALL. For membrane staining in MM patients cells the combination of CD45-FITC and CD138-PE was used; the CD138 was found to be more specific than CD38 for MM cells. The whole blood cells were lysed, acquired on flow cytometry (first acquisition), then permeabilized by paraformaldehyde and saponin, and incubated with anti-kappa-FITC and anti-lambda-FITC antibodies and acquired again (second acquisition). In B-ALL patients cells in first step the combinations of CD45-FITC or CD22-FITC and CD10-PE have been successfully applied and after RBC lysis, acquisition and membrane permeabilization anti-IgA-FITC and anti-IgM-FITC were applied and cells were acquired again. The FITC fluorescence intensity of the second measurement was equal to the sum of surface CD45 or CD22 marker expression during the first step, and cytoplasmic clonal light or heavy chains expression during the second acquisition in both, MM and pre-B ALL patients, as well.
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PMID:Analysis of surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin light/heavy chains by flow cytometry using a lysed-whole-blood technique: Implications for the differential diagnosis of B-cell malignancies. 1564 Sep 50

Multidrug resistance is one of the mechanisms how to explain failure of chemotherapy in patients with different hematological malignancies. In this study we aimed to evaluate and compare the drug resistance in B-cell acute lymphoid leukemia (B-ALL) and multiple myeloma (MM) in association with their immunophenotypes and genotypes. Eleven patients with B-ALL and 14 patients with MM were classified according to prognostic factors. Standard MoAb panel for ALL and triple labeled antibodies (CD38/CD56/CD19) and detection of intracellular light chains for MM were used. Flow cytometric calcein assay was performed for measure of P- glycoprotein (MDR-1) and multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP-1) activity. Markers CD19, CD20 and HLA-DR proved to be useful in identifying cells of B-lymphoid lineage. CD34 progenitor cell antigen was present in high proportion of ALL blasts. Both the abnormal plasmacell populations and their monoclonality in MM were confirmed by immunophenotyping, too. The mean MDR activity factor (MAF) values were not different in patients with MM and B- ALL. However, the mean MRP-1 values in MM were significantly lower than MAF-MDR-1 (1.85+/-3.8 versus 5.92+/-7.45, p=0.05), but we have found lower values in refractory conditions as expected from previous studies of acute myeloid leukemia. The immunophenotyping was helpful in detection of abnormal populations showing no correlation with the MDR. However, in this study we could not confirm high MDR activity despite of the failure of chemotherapy. The calcein assay seems to be useful for quantitative and sensitive measurement of the MDR proteins. The low activity of MDR- 1 and MRP-1 in MM need further clarification, indicating the involvement of different transport in the resistance mechanism.
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PMID:Application of flow cytometry immunophenotyping and multidrug resistance assay in B-cell acute lymphoid leukemia and multiple myeloma. 1573 24

Epidemiologic evidence indicates that several markers of exposure to childhood infections are inversely associated with the risk of childhood leukemia and lymphomas. We used the Swedish Family-Cancer Database to assess the effects of number of siblings on the risk of non-Hodgkin's (n = 7,007) and Hodgkin's lymphomas (n = 3,115), leukemias (n = 7,650), and multiple myeloma (n = 1,492) by histopathology. Poisson regression models included terms for age, sex, family history, period, and socioeconomic index. Having four or more siblings compared with none was associated with an excess risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL; rate ratio (RR), 2.11; P(trend) = 0.001], acute monocytic leukemia (RR, 2.51; P(trend) = 0.002), and multiple myeloma (RR, 1.34; P(trend) = 0.006). Having three or more older siblings compared with none decreased the risk of acute monocytic leukemia (RR, 0.35; P(trend) = 0.001) and childhood ALL (RR, 0.69; P(trend) = 0.01). The risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma for five or more older siblings compared with none was 0.41 (P(trend) = 0.003). Acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and other lymphoproliferative malignancies were not associated with number of siblings. In conclusion, we found an excess risk of childhood ALL and acute monocytic leukemia in large families. However, for ALL, acute monocytic leukemia, and Hodgkin's lymphoma, younger siblings were strongly protected compared with older siblings. The remarkable protective effect of number of older siblings on acute monocytic leukemia is a novel finding of potential interest. Possible interpretations of our findings in the context of a putative infectious etiology are discussed.
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PMID:Number of siblings and the risk of lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma by histopathology. 1683 24

The Seventh International Symposium on graft-versus-host and graft-versus-leukemia reactions was held in Garmisch Partenkirchen (Germany, near Lake Riessersee) between January 22nd and 25th, 2006. A total of more than 100 invited participants (scientists and clinicians working in the area of allogeneic stem cell transplantation) discussed research in the area of lymphoid malignancies. Major topics of the 2006 meeting were lymphocyte biology, experimental systems, lymphoma pathogenesis, cellular therapy in vivo and vitro, idiotype-specific responses and graft-versus-malignancy reactions for lymphomas and multiple myeloma. Further highlights were immune responses to blasts of ALL, haploidentical transplantation, role of natural killer cells, clinical guidelines for allogeneic transplantation and adoptive immunotherapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma, new antibody-mediated strategies. As can be seen in the summaries of the individual presentations, progress was made in the understanding of lymphoma biology and in the clinical application of graft-versus-lymphoma or graft-versus-myeloma effects. Each day was followed by round-table discussions, which summarized new data and challenged established concepts. The discussions resulted in new insights and projects for basic research and clinical transplantation.
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PMID:Graft-versus-host and graft-versus-leukemia reactions: a summary of the Seventh International Symposium held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, February 22nd-25th, 2006, Tolerance and Immunity, an update on lymphoid malignancies. 1698 Sep 92

Scutellaria baicalensis (S.B.) is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine. We initially investigated its in vitro anti-tumor activities. S.B inhibited the growth of ALL, lymphoma and myeloma cell lines by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at clinically achievable concentrations. The anti-proliferative effect was associated with mitochondrial damage, modulation of the Bcl family of genes, increased level of the CDK inhibitor p27(KIP1) and decreased level of c-myc oncogene. HPLC analysis of S.B. showed it contains 21% baicalin and further studies confirmed it was the major anti-cancer component of S.B. Thus, Scutellaria baicalensis should be tested in clinical trials for these hematopoietic malignancies.
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PMID:Scutellaria baicalensis, a herbal medicine: anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity against acute lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma cell lines. 1700 26

We prospectively assessed the effectiveness of cryotherapy after high-dose L-PAM to prevent oral mucositis. Cryotherapy with ice tips was commenced 15 minutes before L-PAM administration, and continued until the end of administration. Twenty-six patients were enrolled in this study. Thirteen patients with myeloma were treated with 200 mg/m2 L-PAM followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, and 13 patients (4 AML, 4 MDS, 2 ALL, 2 lymphoma and 1 CML) were treated with 140 mg/m2 L-PAM followed by allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Grade 1 mucositis occurred in four of 13 patients (31%) with 200 mg/m2 L-PAM, and 2 of 13 patients (16%) with 140 mg/m2 L-PAM. Only one patient had grade 2 mucositis, and no grade 3 mucositis were observed. The procedure was well tolerated in all patients. These data suggest that cryotherapy is effective to minimize L-PAM-induced oral mucositis.
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PMID:[Cryotherapy is useful and safe in the prevention of oral mucositis after high-dose melphalan (L-PAM)]. 1717 91

During the last two decades or so, the incidence of fungal infections has increased dramatically. Deep- seated mycoses are creating serious problems for clinicians working with certain populations of patients, such as those with cancer, the immunocompromised, and physiologically compromised.A study of fungal isolated for identification of deep fungal infections, risk factors and etiologic agents in immunocompromised patients was carried out in the section of Medical Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran from 1994 to 2001. Seventy one immunosuppressed patients with deep fungal infection were retrospectively analyzed for etiology and risk factors. They had one or more predisposing factors to disseminated fungal infections. Diagnosis was established by demonstration of fungus in direct and cultural examinations. Candida spp. were isolated in 70.4% (39.4% C. albicans and 30.9% non-albincans), and Aspergillus spp. were isolated in 14.1% of cases. The most frequent risk factors were hematologic malignancy (ALL, lymphoma, Hodgkin, multiple myeloma) and diabetes mellitus. This study suggests that in immunocompromised patients, fungal infections especially in saprophytic infections, background evaluation and clinical features, correspondence of clinical symptoms and laboratory examinations should be considered and investigation of other factors which created the infection will lead us to a clear picture of patients' situation.
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PMID:Deep-seated fungal infections in immunocompromised patients in iran. 1730 20

We present a phase II study of fludarabine 5 x 30 mg/m(2), thiotepa 3 x 5 mg/kg as preparative regimen specifically for allogeneic second haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) after failure of previous HCT. Forty-nine patients (median age 52 years, range 27-68) received an allogeneic second HCT after failed autologous (n=29) or allogeneic (n=20) HCT. Diagnoses were AML (n=18), ALL (n=3), multiple myeloma (n=11), lymphoma (n=16) and CML (n=1). GVHD prophylaxis consisted of CYA and mainly low dose alemtuzumab (40 mg). The median follow-up for patients alive is 528 days (range 217-1344). In 43 of 49 (88%) evaluable patients response rates were CR=19, PR=14 and SD=10 at one month. At one year, the probability (95% confidence interval) of relapse is 55.1 (38.2-72)% and the nonrelapse mortality (NRM) is 29 (14.2-44.4)%. Estimated survival at one year is 42.6 (28.7-56.6)% and event free survival is 38.1 (24.4-51.8)%. Survival was significantly better for patients experiencing relapse beyond one year, than for patients relapsing within one year from first transplantation (51.2 (33.5-68.9)% vs 27 (7-48.5)%; P=0.013). We conclude that this regimen is feasible and well tolerated for allogeneic second HCT.
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PMID:A fludarabine, thiotepa reduced toxicity conditioning regimen designed specifically for allogeneic second haematopoietic cell transplantation after failure of previous autologous or allogeneic transplantation. 1820 19

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and Burkitt lymphoma respond to initial intense therapies, such as hyper-CVAD (hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide/vincristine/doxorubicin/dexamethasone) alternating with high-dose methotrexate/cytarabine, to which the monoclonal antibody rituximab has recently been added. This report provides an update detailing the long-term outcome when this chemoimmunotherapy regimen is used as first-line therapy for newly diagnosed MCL, de novo Burkitt lymphoma, atypical Burkitt lymphoma, and mature B-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (B-ALL). Ninety-seven patients with de novo MCL and 31 patients with Burkitt lymphoma, atypical Burkitt lymphoma, and B-ALL were treated with rituximab plus hyper-CVAD alternating with rituximab/methotrexate/cytarabine under different institutional trials approved by the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Institutional Review Board. Overall response rate (RR) for patients with MCL was 97% (complete response [CR]/unconfirmed CR rate, 87%). At a median follow-up of 4.8 months, the 5-year failure-free survival and OS rates were 48% and 65%, respectively. Among patients aged < or = 65 years, the 5 year failure-free survival was 60%. Patients with blastoid morphology have a 7-year survival rate of 47%. Toxicity was mainly hematologic but significant. Overall RR for patients with Burkitt lymphoma/atypical Burkitt lymphoma/B-ALL was 97% (CR rate, 86%). With a median follow-up of 22 months, the estimated 3-year OS, disease-free survival, and event-free survival rates were 89%, 88%, and 80%, respectively. Rituximab plus hyper-CVAD alternating with rituximab/methotrexate/cytarabine is an effective dose-intense chemoimmunotherapy program for untreated MCL, Burkitt lymphoma, atypical Burkitt lymphoma, and B-ALL. Toxicity is mainly hematologic and significant, but expected.
Clin Lymphoma Myeloma 2007 Dec
PMID:Update of the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience with hyper-CVAD and rituximab for the treatment of mantle cell and Burkitt-type lymphomas. 1828 17

Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) often are used after allo-SCT to augment the graft-versus-tumor effect. Timing of infusion varies according to indication, for example to treat tumor recurrence, as a planned strategy to prevent disease relapse in the setting of T-cell-depleted grafts or non-myeloablative conditioning regimens, or as a method to convert mixed to full donor chimerism. The optimal strategy of timing, use of cytotoxic conditioning, cell dose and cell product composition, and so on, for DLI administration remains unclear. Despite varied techniques, DLI may lead to 3-year disease-free survivals (DFS) in excess of 60% for all CML patients and approach 90% in patients with only molecular or cytogenetic relapse. Other hematologic malignancies appear much less responsive, as less than 50% of patients respond and provide, at best, 3-year DFS rates of 20-50%. Multiple myeloma patients have overall response rates of 40-45% after DLI, suggesting benefit in relapsed disease, but limited experiences for diseases such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, myelodysplasia and ALL preclude recommendations for use of DLI at this time. Regardless of the indication, treatment-related mortality after DLI is 5-20% and more than one-third of patients will develop acute and/or chronic GVHD after DLI. The risks of these complications appear related, in part, to donor source, cell dose and therapy prior to DLI. Although there are no definitive answers, the information gleaned from published literature suggests that DLI should be administered early after relapse or as a prophylactic strategy in patients receiving T-cell-depleted grafts, and patients with bulky or aggressive disease may benefit from disease reduction prior to DLI.
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PMID:Donor lymphocyte infusions: the long and winding road: how should it be traveled? 1871 51


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