Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Despite the incomparability in the reporting of leukemia and lymphoma incidence among populations and the relative rarity of these diseases, real differences in rates are discernible from available data. In general, the incidence of each of the leukemias and lymphomas is lower in Japan than in other Pacific rim populations whose rates are known. Particularly striking is the low incidence of CLL in Japan. Among Japanese in Hawaii, rates of some of these cancers (lymphosarcoma, CML) approach those of whites, whereas rates of other cancers (Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, ALL, CLL, and AML) more closely resemble those of native Japanese. The number of Chinese living in countries served by population-based cancer reporting systems is too small for any firm conclusions to be made about leukemia and lymphoma incidence in this group. The incidence of these diseases in certain other nonwhite Pacific rim residents (i.e., Mexican Americans, blacks, and Maoris) is, by and large, similar to that of whites.
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PMID:Geographical variation in the incidence of the leukemias and lymphomas. 29 90

A mathematical model, based on second-order reaction kinetics, has been used to describe the covalent assembly of immunoglobulin G(IgG) in vitro from its heavy (H) and light (L) chains (Percy, M.E., Baumal, R., Dorrington, K.J. & Percy, J. (1976) Can. J. Biochem. 54, 675-687). In the present paper, the same model has now been applied to the steady-state assembly of IgG in vivo. This mathematical approach permits a quantitative comparison of the pathways of covalent assembly used by given immunoglobulins in vivo and in vitro. The assumptions in the model are: the species L, H, HL, HH, HHL and LHHL belong to a common pool; incompleted IgG intermediates may freely assemble to form HL, HH, HHL and LHHL; the reaction rate for covalent linkage between any two reacting species is proportional to the products of the number densities of the reactants and to a parameter P which takes the value PHH if the reaction joins two H chains, and PHL if it joins an H and L chain. In vivo values of PHH/PHL were determined for the 18 mouse myeloma tumours and cell lines studied by Baumal et al. (Baumal, R., Potter, M. & Scharff, M. (1971) J. Exp. Med. 134, 1316-1334). From these analyses, we have arrived at the following conclusions: (1) the three major IgG subclasses have distinctive values of PHH/PHL (mean value 53 for IgG1, 12 for IgG2a and 2.8 for IgG2b); (2) for IgGs of the same subclass, the values of PHH/PHL are similar; (3) the mean in vivo values of PHH/PHL are very close to those determined from in vitro assembly experiments. Finally, the individual values of PHH/PHL have been used to simulate pulse-chase experiments in the various tumours and cell lines. Considering the sources and magnitude of experimental error, the theoretical pathways of assembly agree with those determined qualitatively from the pulse-chase experiments.
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PMID:Assembly of three major subclasses of mouse immunoglobulin G: a theoretical model for covalent assembly in vivo. 95 50

The expression of complement receptors, of Fc receptors, of SRBC receptors and of S-Ig was investigated on human haematopoietic cell lines of proved malignant derivation. According to their origin and to a panel of phenotypic markers these lines have been classified into lymphoma lines, myeloma lines and leukemia lines. Results were compared with those obtained on non-malignant EBV carrying lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). Among the lymphoid cell lines the LCL showed a pattern of B-lymphocyte surface markers, i.e. surface immunoglobulins, C3 receptors but low density of Fc receptors. The non-Burkitt lymphoma lines bore in varying degree these B-lymphocyte markers. The lines U-698 M and DG-75 were exceptional in having only surface immunoglobulin. The Burkitt lymphoma lines had all B-lymphocyte markers. The myeloma lines differed from the lymphoid lines in lacking C3 and Fc receptors and showed only trace amounts of surface immunoglobulins. In contrast to lymphoid and myeloma lines, the leukaemia lines were completely lacking surface immunoglobulins, but showed C3 and Fc receptors in variable densities. On line, the ALL derived line MOLT-3 showed the capacity to spontaneous rosette formation with SRBC. The findings that LCL presented a homogeneous pattern of B-lymphocyte surface markers may be of value in order to discriminate between these lines and lines derived from haematopoietic malignancies other than Burkitt lymphomas.
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PMID:Surface receptors on human haematopoietic cell lines. 96 8

In 43 cases of various B-cell lineage tumors, precise gene structures of rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) were studied. By Southern-blot analysis of D upstream (5'D) gene of IgH, biallelic rearrangement structures, D-J or V-D-J, were determined and consequently maturational stage specific IgH rearrangement patterns were investigated. B-precursor ALL cases (especially stage IV of Nadler's criteria) have V-D-J rearranged IgH genes on both alleles. In contrast, most of the mature B-cell malignancies, excluding multiple myeloma, have IgH genotype of D-J/V-D-J. In addition, in case of D-J/V-D-J, the D gene used in D-J joining has been speculated by Southern-blot of D genes. So, these approaches for inquiring precise structures of rearranged IgH genes are supposed to provide new information of lymphocyte differentiation and leukemogenesis.
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PMID:Maturational stage specific immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements, determined by D and D upstream region gene structures. 140 17

Epidemiological studies indicating that exposure to organic solvents is a risk factor for haematological malignancies are reviewed. Exposure to benzene is a risk factor for ANLL. A preleukaemic phase with pancytopenia is common and may be associated with a normo- or hypercellular marrow with morphological characteristics suggesting MDS. There are indications that other organic solvents than benzene may be leukaemogenic. Certain chromosome aberrations are characteristic in leukaemic cells from solvent exposed ANLL patients. The average latency time from start of occupational exposure until diagnosis is about 10-11 years. There is epidemiological evidence that exposure to organic solvents may also increase the risk of lymphoproliferative malignancies, i.e. ALL, NHL, HD and myeloma.
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PMID:Exposure to organic solvents and risk of haematological malignancies. 173 76

Patients with ARF and haematological malignancy (excluding myeloma), presenting to a single unit over 10 years were analyzed to see if patients likely to benefit from intensive renal supportive therapy could be identified. 31 episodes of ARF were identified in 29 patients (mean age 51 +/- 2.9 yr): 19 were associated with acute leukaemia (13 AML, 6 ALL); 10 with lymphoma. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) was identified as the cause of ARF in 26 cases, with sepsis (96%) and exposure to nephrotoxic drugs (88%), especially aminoglycosides, being the commonest precipitating factors. Toxic levels of the latter were commonly documented. Patient survival was 45%. Requirement for mechanical ventilation resulted in a universally fatal outcome; age greater than 55 yr and the presence of CNS symptoms or signs were also significantly associated with a poor outcome. Non-ATN causes (urate nephropathy or obstruction) carried a better prognosis. However, only 4 patients (14%) lived for more than 6 months following ARF. Thus, although a subgroup of patients more likely to benefit from treatment can be identified, the overall prognosis is poor and limited by that of the underlying disease. The potential benefit of avoiding nephrotoxic drugs, especially aminoglycosides, in these patients is highlighted by this study.
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PMID:Acute renal failure associated with haematological malignancies: a review of 10 years experience. 188 80

Monosomy 7 as the sole cytogenetic abnormality was detected in five of 310 consecutive adult patients with acute leukaemia who were characterized by morphological, immunophenotypic and cytogenetic analyses. Morphologically, blast cells were myelomonocytic (FAB M4) in three and lymphoid (FAB L2) in two patients. By immunophenotyping, two M4 patients expressed terminal transferase (TdT) in 15-90% of myelomonoblasts (patients 3 and 1, respectively), and in the third M4 patient (no. 2), a 10% TdT+ component was present distinct from the bulk of myelomonoblasts. In one L2 patient (no. 4), the blast cells had an undifferentiated phenotype only expressing TdT and HLA-DR but lacking specific lymphoid and myeloid antigens, and patient 5 was typed as CD10+ ALL. Two patients had developed leukaemia following radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy for multiple myeloma or breast cancer. In two patients, induction chemotherapy induced a lineage switch in the immunophenotype without change in karyotype. These observations support the concept that monosomy 7 leukaemia results from the transformation of a multipotential stem cell.
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PMID:Monosomy 7 in multilineage and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. 195 71

We analyzed the expression of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) beta chain (p70-75) on various leukemic cells from 44 patients by flow cytometric analysis using the IL-2R beta chain-specific monoclonal antibody (MoAb), designated Mik-beta 1, which has been recently developed. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated the expression of the IL-2R beta chain on granular lymphocytes (GLs) from all eight patients with granular lymphocyte proliferative disorders (GLPDs), on adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells from all three patients with ATL, and on T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells from one of three patients with T-ALL. Although GLs from all the GLPD patients expressed the IL-2R beta chain alone and not the IL-2R alpha chain (Tac-antigen: p55), ATL and T-ALL cells expressing the beta chain coexpressed the alpha chain. In two of seven patients with common ALL (cALL) and in both patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the leukemic cells expressed the alpha chain alone. Neither the alpha chain nor the beta chain was expressed on leukemic cells from the remaining 28 patients, including all 18 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, five of seven patients with cALL, all three patients with multiple myeloma, and two of three patients with T-ALL. These results indicate that three different forms of IL-2R chain expression exist on leukemic cells: the alpha chain alone; the beta chain alone; and both the alpha and beta chains. To examine whether the results obtained by flow cytometric analysis actually reflect functional aspects of the expressed IL-2Rs, we studied the specific binding of 125I-labeled IL-2 (125I-IL-2) to leukemic cells in 18 of the 44 patients. In addition, we performed 125I-IL-2 crosslinking studies in seven patients. The results of IL-2R expression of both 125I-IL-2 binding assay and crosslinking studies were in agreement with those obtained by flow cytometric analysis. These results indicate that flow cytometric analysis using MoAbs, anti-Tac, and Mik-beta 1 is useful for detecting the expression of the IL-2R chains.
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PMID:Flow cytometric analysis of expression of interleukin-2 receptor beta chain (p70-75) on various leukemic cells. 238 56

Murine immunocytoma cell line, NS-1, was fused with spleen cells of Balb/C mice which had been stimulated by tolerogenic disaggregated human gamma globulin and immunized by purified serum IgM from the patient with chronic B cell leukemia (B-CLL). 10 hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal anti-idiotype (anti-Id) antibodies to human CLL were obtained. The McAbs were subclasses belonging to IgM and of IgG mouse. Specificity and biologic characters of the monoclonal anti-Id antibodies from culture fluid or ascites were assayed by ELISA, indirect mixed ELISA sandwich, ELISA inhibition, immunofluorescence (IF) and IF inhibition. The study also proved that monoclonal anti-Id antibodies could react with homologous IgM, but not with Ig from normal donors or a panel of patients with myeloma. The results of IF and IF inhibition assay showed that monoclonal anti-Id antibodies were bound to lymphocytes of patient with B-CLL. Their reactivity was inhibited by homologous IgM, but not by lymphocytes of patients with ALL or lymphoma. Monoclonal anti-Id antibodies were heterogenous reactive patterns with cell lines in vitro.
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PMID:Studies on monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies to human B cell leukemia. 263 Jun 54

Suppression of the green fluorescence of acridine orange by 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into cellular DNA was measured by flow cytometry. Bone marrow cells from normal volunteers and patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia acute lymphocytic leukemia acute myelogenous leukemia and multiple myeloma were incubated with BUdR in vitro. By 24 h acridine orange stained cycling cells that had synthesized DNA in the presence of BUdR were differentiated from quiescent cells as a second peak with quenched green fluorescence (DNA). After 72 h in culture 11-65% of the G0/G1 cells from normal bone marrows and bone marrows with myeloid leukemia were identified as cycling in culture by the presence of a second peak with quenched green fluorescence. A greater percentage of cells with BUdR quenched AO fluorescence was associated of acridine orange was higher in the cycling cells that had synthesized DNA in the presence of BUdR than in the non-cycling G0/G1 cells. In one patient with AML there was quenching of the DNA fluorescence of the aneuploid population but not the diploid population indicating that the aneuploid leukemia cells were proliferating. In contrast in patients with multiple myeloma, the quenched fluorescence of the diploid cell population and not the aneuploid cells, indicated that the diploid cells were proliferating. The cells from patients with untreated ALL failed to proliferation prohibiting an in vivo assessment of growth. Although measurements of proliferation obtained by this method are clearly influenced by the cell's adaptation to culture, measurement of BUdR quenching of acridine orange fluorescence is technically feasible and can identify and allow characterization of the cycling population of cells.
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PMID:5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) quenching of acridine orange fluorescence distinguishes cycling and non-cycling normal and malignant bone marrow cells in vitro. 279 84


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