Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Review of direct antiglobulin testing (DAT) in 88 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and five with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia revealed 26 cases with a positive DAT. Twenty-two of these had immunoglobulin G-M protein, three had light chain MM, and one had immunoglobulin A-MM protein. None of the immunoglobulin GD-MM (n = 2), nonsecretory MM (n = 5), or Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia patients (n = 5) were positive. None of the patients had hemolysis attributable to the adsorption of the M protein. The serum concentration of M protein was higher in DAT-positive patients (57.6 +/- 3.8 g/L, mean +/- SEM) than in the negative ones (35.7 +/- 6.4 g/L; probability value of the difference was less than 0.01). The erythrocyte eluates from DAT-positive patients contained a single immunoglobulin, of the same class as the M protein, and did not react with a panel of ABO-compatible erythrocytes. Addition of melphalan during incubation did not affect the results. The M protein of DAT-positive patients was of immunoglobulin G-3 subclass in 7 of 10 patients. A positive direct antiglobulin test frequently is seen in patients with multiple myeloma, the reaction is due to passive adsorption of the M protein onto the erythrocytes, is most frequently observed with immunoglobulin G3-MM, and usually does not produce hemolysis.
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PMID:Positive direct antiglobulin tests in myeloma patients. Occurrence, characterization, and significance. 190 37

BALB/c mice were immunized with alpha 2-seminoglycoprotein (A2SGP), the lymph node cells were fused with P3U1 myeloma cells and cultured by the conventional technique. Four antibody-producing hybridoma clones were established and antibody-containing ascitic fluid obtained. The antibody was directed to the protein backbone of A2SGP and not to ABH antigenic determinants and did not cross-react with saliva or vaginal secretions. When tested in an indirect ELISA the anti-A2SGP antibody had a titer of 512000. The anti-A2SGP was used in a capture ELISA (or sandwich ELISA) in which wells were coated with this antibody to capture A2SGP in semen, and the captured A2SGP was detected with anti-A, anti-B or anti-H-peroxidase conjugate and peroxidase-labeled second antibody. This ELISA allowed correct ABO grouping even of 1:12,800 or higher dilutions of semen. When the ELISA was applied to ABO grouping of seminal fluids mixed with vaginal secretions only the seminal ABH antigens could be detected. The results strongly suggest the potential usefulness of monoclonal anti-A2SGP in the investigation of rape cases.
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PMID:Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody to ABH-carrying alpha 2-seminoglycoprotein for ABO grouping of semen by ELISA. 191 14

A patient with chronic myeloid leukemia secreted an antibody to blood group glycosyltransferases after ABO-incompatible bone marrow transplantation (B recipient/O donor). Peripheral B lymphocytes from the recipient were transformed with Epstein-Barr virus, and then fused by polyethylene glycol with mouse myeloma cell line P3-X63/Ag8.653. After the cloning of the hybridoma cells, a cell line which produced human IgM antibody to blood group glycosyltransferases was established. The antibody completely neutralized B transferase activity at low concentration, while a larger amount of immunoglobulins was required to neutralize A transferase activity.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody to blood group glycosyltransferases, produced by hybrids constructed with Epstein-Barr-virus-transformed B lymphocytes from a patient with ABO-incompatible bone marrow transplant and mouse myeloma cells. 217 79

Spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell LTEP-a2 were fused with murine myeloma cell SP 2/0, from which 4 hybridomas (2 A7, 2 E9, 4 F2 and 5 F11) were obtained. Indirect immunofluorescence test showed that these 4 monoclonal antibodies reacted with human lung cancer cells, but not with 2 BS or the lymphocytes and red blood cells in 4 different ABO groups of 10 persons. Using ABC immunoperoxidase stain technique, these 4 antibodies showed negative reaction with 9 tissue types from the normal subject and fetus but could react with 52-83% of the 29 human lung carcinomas and 64-92% of the 24 non-small cell lung cancers (non-SCLC). When 5 F11 was combined with 2 A7 or 2 E9, the percentage of positive stain was 100% in 24 non-SCLC. The results of indirect immunofluorescence stain showed that strong membrane stain by 5 F11 and membrane stain by 4 F2 were obtained, indicating that these antibodies could recognize antigens on cancer cell membrane. It is suggested that a mixture of 5 F11 and other antibodies be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Molecular weight of the antigens recognized by the 4 antibodies was determined by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot technique to be 47 KD (2 A7), 67 KD (2E9), 40 KD (4F2) and 56 KD (5 F11).
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PMID:[Monoclonal antibody against human lung carcinoma]. 217 66

The antigen pattern pertaining to the ABO (A, B, AB, O (H)), Rh (D, C, c, E, e), Duffy (Fya and b), Kell (K, k) and MNS (M, N) systems were determined in 144 patients between 1 and 74 years of age who had leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma. An association of phenotype Fy (a-b+) with acute lymphatic leukemia and phenotype NN with chronic myeloid leukemia was demonstrated (p less than 0.05, chi sq). Other associations were statistically not significant. Thus, a susceptibility of the aforementioned phenotype patterns to the type of leukemia described is suggested by these findings.
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PMID:[Relationship between various erythrocyte antigens and hematologic disorders]. 251 95

Spleen cells of Balb/c mice, immunized with gastric cancer cell MGC 803, were fused with murine myeloma cell NS-1. After selective culture, screening and subcloning, a hybridoma PC1 which produced monoclonal antibody (McAb) against MGC 803 cells was obtained. McAb PC1 bound strongly with 3/4 gastric cancer and 1/2 hepatoma cell lines, weakly with another gastric cancer and 2/2 lung cancer cell lines, but did not bind with the autologous and allogenic lymphocytes, ABO red blood cells, human fetal lung fibroblasts and normal bone marrow cells. The binding capacity of McAb PC1 to MGC 803 decreased significantly due to the absorption by MGC 803 cells, but was not affected by lymphocytes and CEA. The corresponding antigen of McAb PC1 was expressed on the surface of MGC 803 cells. It may be a gastric cancer-associated antigen.
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PMID:[Preparation and identification of monoclonal antibody against the gastric cancer cell line MGC 803]. 301 37

A series of fusions using mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells from mice immunized with blood group substances or human red cells was performed with the aim of obtaining ABO antibodies suitable for routine blood grouping. Seven strongly agglutinating antibodies against antigens in the ABO system were obtained from 18 fusions. These antibodies were tested extensively in manual and automated routines, and six of them were found to be as good as or better than commercial polyclonal test sera of human origin.
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PMID:Mouse monoclonal antibodies with anti-A, anti-B and anti-A,B specificities; some superior to human polyclonal ABO reagents. 636 81

An up-dated survey of the information pertaining to the role of genetic factors in susceptibility to multiple myeloma is attempted. Our own results include the HLA-A, B, and C types in 68 patients, the G1m and Km allotypes in 86 patients, and the frequencies of ABO blood groups in 126 patients with multiple myeloma. The allotype G1m(x) was significantly (p less than 0.05) more frequent in the patient group. Since the results in the literature on a possible HLA association have been inconsistent, all relevant available data were combined for an assessment of 379 patients versus 5041 controls. In this comparatively large patient group, the previously reported increase of HLA-4c (HLA-B5 + B18 + Bw35) complex could be confirmed and identified as a weak (RR = 1.7) but significant (p less than 0.05) association of susceptibility to multiple myeloma with HLA-B5. Evaluation of G1m allotypes in the combined sample of 258 patients and 4550 controls and Km in 179 and 2457, respectively yielded no significant differences.
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PMID:Genetic aspects of susceptibility to multiple myeloma. 695 46

A monoclonal anti-A antibody has been evaluated and found suitable for use as a potent routine ABO grouping reagent, without the use of additives. The IgM anti-A (MH2/6D4) is secreted into the tissue culture supernatant by a permanent line of cloned cells derived by fusion of anti-A producing spleen cells and a mouse myeloma cell line. This is a cost-effective reagent which should reduce production costs by over 50%. This reagent has the advantages inherent in monoclonal antibodies among them the availability of unlimited quantities of unvarying antibody of known properties.
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PMID:Monoclonal anti-A from a hybrid-myeloma: evaluating as a blood grouping reagent. 721 Jun 4

This review has two objects: a brief recapitulation of the biological background of erythropoietin (EPO), and a review of its clinical utilization in hematology. EPO, both in its naturally occurring and recombinant form (rH-EPO), is a single chain glycoprotein with an approximate molecular weight of 30.000 to 34.000 kD. Its heavy glycosilation is essential for its activity in vivo, since asialoEPO is readily cleared by the heptic asialoglycoprotein receptor. This impedes the recombinant molecule's synthesis in biologic cultures other than mammalian cells (Chinese hamster's ovary cells), and inevitably increases costs. If in vitro glycosilation of E. coli-derived rH-EPO could be achieved, the clinical utilization of the product would be considerably enhanced, most especially when very high doses are necessary, as discussed later. There is no antigenic diversity between natural and recombinant EPO, so that out of the enormous clinical experience only one single case of immunization has been recorded. Almost paradoxically there are however three published cases of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) caused by immunization against autologous EPO. It is now established that in adults EPO is synthetized in renal peritubular interstitial cells, although some residual activity remains in the liver. Hypoxia results in a rapid induction of EPO expression, although the role of the oxygen sensor system is still debated. Cellular targets are notoriously erythroid progenitors and precursors (BFU-E, CFU-E, early and intermediate erythroblasts). The global erythropoietic activity resulted in various effects (proliferation, differentiation, survival), but most probably each single effect is integrated with and complementary of the others. The utilization of rH-EPO in hematologic diseases came much later than its dramatic success in renal anemia. A variety of tools useful for assessing the possible beneficial effects of rH-EPO in clinical hematology has been proposed, among which a low level of endogenous EPO is a good predictor for therapeutic success. 'Hemopathic' anemia can be subdivided into three categories: patients with normal erythropoiesis due to inadequate EPO production (anemia of prematurity), patients with depressed but nonclonal erythropoiesis (chemotherapy, lymphoid malignancies such as multiple myeloma-MM and chronic lymphatic leukemia-CCL) and patients with at least partially clonal anemia, such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), hemoglobinopaties, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and others. Results in the first category of patients are, as expected, prompt and satisfactory with physiologic doses. Although therapeutic strategy for MM is moving fast to curative intents, the utilization of rH-EPO is indicated for the control of anemia in conservatively-treated patients. In the third category the most important and controversial area is MDS. Significant erythropoietic results are generally obtained in about 20% of patients; however, the association with G-CSF has considerably enhanced the response rate. In the field of bone marrow transplantation there is an inadequate production of endogenous EPO in the allogeneic setting, and randomized studies have shown the benefits of rH-EPO in this situation. However, the most important results have been obtained in post-major-ABO incompatible PRCA, when the removal of the recipient's isohemagglutinins does not resolve the anemia. High and very high doses of rH-EPO (even over 500 UI/kg/day for 2-4 weeks) may resolve this occasionally quite refractory condition. Although extremely expensive, this treatment may be life-saving when an otherwise successful allogeneic transplant is at the risk of failure because of this relatively uncommon but severe immunohematologic complication.
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PMID:[Erythropoietin: biochemical characteristics, biologic effects, indications and results of use in hematology]. 948 78


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