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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 112 untreated myeloma patients we have analysed the immunophenotype of plasma cells both by immunofluorescence (IF) and immunocytochemistry (APAAP). Both techniques yielded similar results pointing to an important degree of heterogeneity in antigenic expression not only between different patients but also within the same patient. The expression of CD38 and Han-PC1 antigens (Ags) was almost constant (greater than 90% positive cases), while CD9 was detected in 66% of the cases. On the other hand, less than one third of patients were positive for CD10, CD20 and HLA-DR and generally with a weak expression (less than 30% positive plasma cells). In occasional cases plasma cells were weakly positive for the myelomonocytic markers CD13 (9%), CD15 (25%) and CD14 (6%). The possibility that this heterogeneity might be the result of different stages of differentiation of the neoplastic clone is suggested both by the positive correlation in the expression of some of these antigens (CD10, CD9, CD20, HLA-DR) and by the relationship between CD10 and myeloid antigens with immature plasma cell morphology. Finally, the cALLA antigen does not seem to be of significant value in predicting survival. Moreover, none of the other markers explored showed a clear influence in the course of the disease, although the tendency towards a lower survival found for the CD20+ cases as well as the association of the expression of some antigens and advanced clinical stage, may warrant further studies in a larger series of patients.
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PMID:Immunophenotypic heterogeneity of multiple myeloma: influence on the biology and clinical course of the disease. Castellano-Leones (Spain) Cooperative Group for the Study of Monoclonal Gammopathies. 170 97

The TH line was established by bringing tumour cells from a multiple myeloma patient into suspension culture and subsequently cloning them by limiting dilution. The cultured cells show marked heterogeneity; there are ultrastructural differences between small and large TH cells, particularly with respect to the rough endoplasmatic reticulum (RER). Karyotyping revealed chromosome numbers in the triploid range, with many structural abnormalities, at the 14q32 region among others. A t(14;18) could not be demonstrated. TH was shown to have germline and a rearranged allele for kappa light chain, and only a single rearranged gene for heavy chain immunoglobulin. TH expressed PCA-1, CD9, CD28 and CD38 antigens, HLA class II, RER and kappa light chain, but few or no other antigens associated with the B-cell lineage. Light chain kappa and trace amounts of IgG3 were found intracellularly as well as in culture supernatant. The addition of IL-6 to cultures of TH increased proliferation, as well as the secretion of kappa light chain and the membrane expression of CD28 and CD38 antigens. Because TH has relatively few B cell markers on its membrane, it may be useful for the induction of monoclonal antibodies specific for human plasma cells. It also provides a model for the demonstration that IL-6 can act as a paracrine growth and differentiation factor for cells of myelomal origin.
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PMID:Characterization of a human plasmacytoma line. 195 80

A new IgG lambda myeloma plasma cell line known as EJM was established from a peritoneal effusion from a patient with extramedullary myeloma. The EJM cells have a plasmablastic morphology with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and grow in liquid culture with a doubling time of 72 h and a labelling index of 36%. In addition to cytoplasmic IgG lambda, the cells are positive for CD9, 20, 32, 38, 44, 54, 71, 78, MHC Class II DR, DP and DQ. Studies on the control of the cell line proliferation by cytokines have demonstrated stimulation with interleukin 6. In contrast interferon alpha produces marked inhibition of proliferation in doses of greater than 100 units/ml. The culture conditions and the importance of accessory cells and cytokines in supporting myeloma plasma cell growth in vitro are discussed.
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PMID:Characterization of new IgG lambda myeloma plasma cell line (EJM): a further tool in the investigation of the biology of multiple myeloma. 211 64

The characteristics of T and B lymphocyte profile and B lymphocyte specificity repertoire were compared in patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM), IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (IgM MGUS), multiple myeloma (MM), and age-matched normal subjects. Patients with MM had both significantly reduced frequency and number of sIg+ (surface Ig) B cells, whereas patients with WM and IgM MGUS had a reduced frequency but normal numbers of sIg+ B cells in circulation as detected in a capping assay. WM was distinguished by the large numbers of cells in the peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) pool that expressed CD9 (BA-2) and CD24 (BA-1) and were monoclonal, based on light chain analysis using flow cytometry. The profile of T lineage cells showed that the ratio of CD4:CD8 was significantly reduced in both MM and WM due to a reduction in the CD4 set. The CD4+ cells were qualitatively abnormal as well, with an enriched proportion of the 4B4+ (CDw29) subset and decreased proportion of the Lp220+ (CD45R) subset. This appeared to be an effect of the disease process on the relatively immature Lp220+ set. From clonal analysis, those patients with WM or IgM MGUS (unlike MM patients) did not exhibit enhanced reactivity with auto-Ig determinants, and most WM patients (7/8) and half of the IgM MGUS patients (3/6) did not have enriched proportions of B cells reactive to tetanus toxoid (TT). The TT-specific B cells in both WM and IgM MGUS, in contrast to MM, appeared fully functional in secretion of anti-TT IgM in vivo. We speculate that the more severe immunodeficiency in MM may be controlled or exacerbated by the presence of an anti-Ig network. The absence of this network in WM allows a relatively more effective immune response, but the immunodeficiency that is observed in these patients involves some abnormality in normal lymphocyte differentiation (is also present in MM).
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PMID:Abnormalities in lymphocyte profile and specificity repertoire of patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, multiple myeloma, and IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. 253 15

Precursors of plasma cells were studied in the bone marrow of 28 patients with multiple myeloma, plasma cell leukemia, and benign monoclonal gammopathy. Pre-B and B cell populations were analyzed with anti-B monoclonal antibodies corresponding to the clusters standardized at the Leucocyte Typing Workshops in Paris and Boston (CD9, CD10, CD19-22, CD24). In advanced forms of plasma cell malignancies, such as cases of multiple myeloma in stages II and III and of plasma cell leukemia, some cells of lymphoid morphology expressed common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA, CD10) and HLA-DR, but contained no detectable terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase enzyme. These CALLA+ cells were absent in benign monoclonal gammopathies. In multiple myeloma, the CALLA+ cells were negative for surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (Ig), and, unlike CALLA+, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT+) pre-B cells in the normal bone marrow also failed to react with antibodies to B cell-associated antigens such as CD9, CD19, CD22, and CD24. The CALLA+, Ig- cells could be regarded as preplasmacytic since, after having been separated and stimulated with the phorbol ester 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13 acetate in vitro, they transformed into plasma cells and synthesized the same heavy and light chains as myeloma cells.
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PMID:Identification of malignant plasma cell precursors in the bone marrow of multiple myeloma. 293 52

Fresh bone marrow from 43 cases of myeloma and three cases of plasma cell leukaemia has been phenotyped both by indirect immune-rosetting and, on fixed cytospin preparations, by indirect immunofluorescence. Both clustered and unclustered B cell associated antibodies from the IIIrd International Workshop on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens were used. The results confirm the lack of many pan-B antigens on the surface of myeloma plasma cells, i.e. CD19-23, 37, 39, w40. Strong surface reactivity is seen with CD38 antibodies and with one CD24 antibody (HB8). Weak reactions are sometimes obtained with CD9, 10 and 45R. On cytospin preparations CD37, 39 and w40 are sometimes weakly positive, and anti-rough endoplasmic reticulum antibodies are always strongly positive. Specific and surface-reacting antiplasma cell antibodies are still lacking.
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PMID:An analysis of myeloma plasma cell phenotype using antibodies defined at the IIIrd International Workshop on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens. 304 3

A case of plasma cell leukaemia of non-producer type is described. The patient presented with typical clinical features of plasma cell myeloma, including multiple osteolytic lesions, hypercalcaemia, renal failure and reduced polyclonal immunoglobulins, except that M-component was not detected in either the serum or urine. Morphological examinations showed a plasmacytoid appearance of the neoplastic cells, while immunological studies failed to detect cytoplasmic immunoglobulin or secretory capacity. The surface phenotype of CD38+, PCA-1+, DR-, CD20-, CD24-, CD9-, CD10- and surface immunoglobulin- was compatible with mature plasma cells. Chromosomal analysis showed the 14q+ marker due to translocation (6;14) and deletion of the short arm of chromosome 1. Analysis of immunoglobulin genes revealed the presence of heavy chain gene rearrangement, but the light chain genes, both kappa and lambda, remained in germline configuration. Such defective immunoglobulin gene rearrangement may be responsible for the failure of immunoglobulin biosynthesis and secretion by the neoplastic plasma cells. Furthermore, it is suggested that the morphological and phenotypic development of B cells may not necessarily depend on immunoglobulin light chain gene rearrangement, and that the oncogenic event in myeloma may occur at an earlier stage of B cell differentiation.
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PMID:Plasma cell leukaemia of non-producer type with missing light chain gene rearrangement. 313 42

Using the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique, plasma cells from multiple myeloma (MM, 23 cases), plasma cell leukemia (PCL, 2 cases) and reactive plasmacytosis (RP, 13 cases) were immunophenotyped with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (McAb). The results showed that McAbCD38 was strongly positive in high percentage of MM and RP cases and the CD9 was the next. 9/23 MM expressed CD10. Our results might indirectly support that CD10 is a malignant marker of MM with poor prognosis, a concept proposed by Durie. The results were (1) all RP but 1 acute monocytic leukemia related to RP were CD10 negative. (2) In our series 2 cases of plasma cell leukemia (PCL) expressed CD10; (3) 4 MM cases survived more than 2 years were CD10 negative. A few MM cases also expressed other surface markers of pre-B and B lymphocyte, such as CD19, CD20, CD22, HLA-DR, cytoplasmic mu chain. CD20 was positive in 4/21 MM and negative in all RP cases. 7/22 MM expressed HLA-DR, and 1/13 RP did so, among them there was a significant difference. HLA-DR seems to be another malignant marker of plasma cells. 1 MM expressed CD8, and 1 PCL highly expressed CD4 indicating PCL might be heterogeneous. Lymphoid stem cells may be involved in MM and PLC. We conclude that multiple myeloma cells have different immunophenotypes and CD10, CD20 and HLA-DR may help to differentiate MM from RP.
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PMID:[Preliminary study of immunophenotype of multiple myeloma cells]. 817 66

Previously we showed that motility-related protein (MRP-1) is an antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody (mAb) M31-15 inhibiting cell motility and that the sequence of MRP-1 coincides with that of CD9. In the present study, plasmid was constructed in which human MRP-1/CD9 cDNA is expressed under the control of the Abelson murine leukemia virus promoter sequence. The expression plasmid for MRP-1/CD9 was introduced into Chinese hamster ovary cells, human lung adenocarcinoma cell line MAC10 (MRP-1 positive), and human myeloma cell line ARH77 (MRP-1 negative). All of the MRP-1/CD9 (over)expressing clones obtained from these transfected cells showed suppressed cell motility (penetration and phagokinetic track assays) depending on the degree of expression of MRP-1/CD9. Overexpression of MRP-1/CD9 by MAC10 cells resulted in the suppression of cell motility (maximally 73%) associated with considerable inhibition of the cell growth (maximally 48%). However, the inhibition of the growth of MAC10 cells by mAb M31-15 was < 17% at an antibody concentration of 1-5 micrograms/ml, which inhibits cell motility by > 90%. These results suggest that MRP-1/CD9 directly regulates cell motility and may also affect cell growth. Effects on metastasis by the expression of MRP-1 CD9 were investigated with mouse melanoma BL6 cells-BALB/c nu/nu mouse system. Metastatic potential of all transformants expressing MRP-1/CD9 was lower than that of parent BL6 cells.
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PMID:Suppression of cell motility and metastasis by transfection with human motility-related protein (MRP-1/CD9) DNA. 847 5

We report on a series of 26 patients diagnosed with primary (de novo) plasma cell (PC) leukemia (PCL) in whom we analyzed the clinicobiologic characteristics of the disease together with the immunophenotype, DNA cell content, proliferative index, and numeric chromosomal aberrations of the neoplastic PC, and compared them with 664 multiple myeloma (MM) patients at diagnosis. The median age, sex ratio, and bone lesion extension were similar, but PCL cases displayed a higher prevalence of clinical stage III, extramedullary involvement, and Bence Jones cases, with fewer IgA cases than for MM patients. In addition, according to several prognostic indicators (beta2-microglobulin serum level, proportion of S-phase PCs, proteinuria, calcium serum level, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] and renal function), the incidence of adverse prognostic factors was significantly higher in PCL versus MM. Immunophenotypic expression was similar for CD38, CD138, CD2, CD3, CD16, CD10, CD13, and CD15, but PCL differed from MM in the expression of CD56, CD9 HLA-DR, CD117, and CD20 antigens. Twenty-two PCL cases were diploid and one was hypodiploid, while most MM cases (57%) showed DNA hyperdiploidy. With the fluorescent in situ hydridization (FISH) technique, 12 of 13 PCL cases displayed the numeric aberrations, -13 (86%), +/-1 (57%), +18 (43%), and -X in women (25%), but they lacked several numeric aberrations usually found in MM such as +3, +6, +9, +11, and +15. PCL cases had a lower overall response to therapy than MM cases (38% v 63%, P =.01332). Among PCL patients, a trend for a worse response was observed in cases treated with melphalan and prednisone (MP) versus polychemotherapy. Overall survival was significantly worse in PCL versus MM patients (8 v 36 months, P <.0001), but it was significantly better in PCL patients treated with polychemotherapy versus MP (18 v 3 months, P =.0137). By contrast, MM patients did not show significant differences in overall survival according to the treatment used, MP or polychemotherapy. Ten variables seemed to predict survival in PCL patients, but only the beta2-microglobulin level and S-phase PCs retained an independent value in multivariate analysis. In summary, our study illustrates that PCs from PCL display singular phenotypic, DNA cell content, and cytogenetic characteristics that lead to a different disease evolution versus MM.
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PMID:Primary plasma cell leukemia: clinical, immunophenotypic, DNA ploidy, and cytogenetic characteristics. 1061 Jan 15


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