Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The surface antigens of cultured human malignant astrocytomas were analyzed by using mouse monoclonal antibodies. BALB/c mice were immunized repeatedly with either SK-MG-1 [a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA)-negative astrocytoma line] or SK-AO2 (a GFA-positive astrocytoma line). After fusion with NS/1 mouse myeloma cells, 12 antibody-producing clones were selected for detailed study. Serological analysis permitted the identification of nine distinct antigenic systems. Four monoclonal antibodies (Ab AJ225, Ab AO10, Ab AJ8, and Ab AO122) identified cell surface antigens preferentially expressed on tumors of neuroectodermal origin, and these antibodies subdivided the astrocytoma panel into distinguishable subsets. The determinant detected by Ab AO10 and Ab AJ8 showed mutually exclusive expression on the astrocytoma lines. The AO10 and AJ8 phenotypes appeared to reflect the differentiation state of the cultured cells; 4/7 AO10-positive astrocytomas expressed GFA, an intracellular astrocyte differentiation antigen, whereas all AJ8-positive astrocytoma (9/9) were GFA-negative. Five antibodies (Ab AJ10, Ab AJ9, Ab AJ17, Ab AJ425, and Ab AJ2) recognized determinants widely distributed on normal and malignant cells. Four antibodies defined in this study precipitated proteins from reduced preparations of radioisotope-labeled SK-MG-1 and SK-AO2 cells: Ab AJ225 (Mr 145,000); Ab AO122 (Mr265,000); Ab AJ10 (Mrs 195,000 and 165,000); and Ab AJ2 (Mrs 170,000, 140,000, 140,000, and 28,000).
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PMID:Cell surface antigens of human astrocytoma defined by mouse monoclonal antibodies: identification of astrocytoma subsets. 618 68

Hybridoma H129 .19 was derived by fusion between spleen cells of a Lou / Ws1 rat immunized with an Lyt-1+,2- anti-I-Ak cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone and the nonsecreting myeloma X63-Ag8.653. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) H129 .19 (IgG2a, kappa) was selected for its capacity to inhibit the lytic potential of the immunizing clone. H129 .19 identified a monomorphic determinant on a 55 m.w. murine T cell differentiation antigen, which appeared to be homologous to the human T4 molecule in that: 1) H129 .19 reacted with 80% adult thymocytes, with a subset of splenic T cells, and with the interleukin 2 (IL 2)-producing EL4 thymoma; 2) The mAb bound to and inhibited the IL 2 production and the proliferation of various allo- or soluble antigen-reactive T cell clones that recognized restriction or activating determinants on the I-A or I-E molecules, respectively; 3) H129 .19 did not inhibit the proliferation and/or cytolysis of Lyt-2,3+ T cells specific for class I MHC antigen; and 4) Among six anti-Iak CTL clones examined in this study, the mAb H129 .19 reacted with two I-Ak-specific, Lyt-2,3- clones on which it exerted strong cytolysis inhibiting effect at the effector cell level. By contrast, two other anti-I-Ak and two anti-I-Ek CTL clones were found to express the Lyt-2,3+,T4- cell surface phenotype. The cytolytic potential of the latter clones was not inhibited by anti-Lyt-2,3 mAb. These studies strongly suggest that the mouse T4 molecule facilitates the recognition of class II MHC antigen by most but not all T cells.
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PMID:A rat anti-mouse T4 monoclonal antibody (H129.19) inhibits the proliferation of Ia-reactive T cell clones and delineates two phenotypically distinct (T4+, Lyt-2,3-, and T4-, Lyt-2,3+) subsets among anti-Ia cytolytic T cell clones. 620 60

Murine B cell lymphomas and myelomas were examined for the expression of a determinant previously found exclusively on normal pluripotent stem cells colony-forming unit-spleen (CFU-s). This determinant(s), which is defined by a rabbit antimouse brain antiserum (R alpha MB), is present on the tumor stem cell population of some but not all B cell neoplasms examined. The determinant is not detected on tumor cells of the macrophage or T cell lineage. Absorption of the activity in R alpha MB with myeloma cells, concomitantly removed reactivity with the normal stem cell, CFU-s, and the myeloma stem cell, plasmacytoma CFU-s. Sorting analysis further showed that the antigen was diminished within a positive tumor population as cells acquired the capacity to secrete immunoglobulin. These studies suggest that this normal stem cell-associated antigen may also be an early differentiation antigen for the B cell lineage, and is expressed on some stem cells of B cell tumors.
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PMID:Expression of cell surface determinant(s) on murine myeloma stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells. 633 94

Hybridoma clones were isolated after the fusion of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from a rat immunized with mouse bone marrow. One of them produced a monoclonal antibody reacting with a murine cell surface differentiation antigen that we have termed MBM-1 (Mouse Bone Marrow-1). This antigen is present on eosinophils, on neutrophils, and on subpopulations of lymphocytes and macrophages, but appears to be absent from erythroid cells. Precursor cell analysis, after sorting of bone marrow cells using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, suggests that the antigen is absent from most progenitors with the exception of certain cells in the macrophage lineage.
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PMID:MBM-1, a differentiation marker of mouse hemopoietic cells defined by a rat monoclonal antibody. 684 Feb 28

Monoclonal antibodies to human T lymphocyte surface markers were produced by cell fusions between splenocytes from mice, immunized with T lineage cells, and mouse myeloma cells. Our approaches to immunization, clone selection and analysis of the resultant monoclonal antibodies with similar reactivities were produced. In one example, we found that several distinct monoclonal antibodies identified the same T inducer subset yet, apparently, recognized epitopes of the differentiation antigen(s) on these cells.
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PMID:Creating a useful panel of anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies. 697 6

An autoantibody that reacted with nuclei of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) was detected at titers of greater than 10 in sera of 25 of 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 36 of 50 with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis but in none of 160 controls comprising 24 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 36 with multiple myeloma, and 100 healthy subjects. Through the use of enriched populations of hemopoietic cells, this antibody was shown to be cell-specific, reacting only with the nucleus of the mature neutrophil. It was unreactive with nuclei of progenitor cells in the myeloid series and with nuclei of eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and thymocytes. It reacted with a determinant that appeared to be a differentiation antigen. This cell-specific autoantibody may prove to be of value in analytical studies of granulocyte maturation.
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PMID:An autoantibody reactive with nuclei of polymorphonuclear neutrophils: a cell differentiation marker. 702 71

The cytochemical stain Hoechst 33342 has been used to quantify DNA in viable cells and has been used under nonsaturating conditions to discriminate between lymphoid cell types. In order to correlate the quantitative emission from Hoechst 33342 with cell surface antigens, a fluorescence activated cell sorter was modified to simultaneously detect emission from the UV excited Hoechst dye and fluorescein attached to the cell surface by immunofluorescence techniques. A special set of laser mirrors was installed in an argon ion laser so that all the lines from 351-488 nm could be used to illuminate the cells. Appropriate emission filters were used to separate the light emitted by Hoechst 33342 from the fluorescein. An electronic cross-over circuit was used to compensate for special overlap between the two dyes. Analysis of murine lymph node cells stained both with Hoechst 33342 under nonsaturating conditions and anti-Thy 1.2 indicated that the cells that stained dimly with the Hoechst dye expressed the Thy 1.2 marker while the cells that were brightly stained with Hoechst 33342 lacked this differentiation antigen. The correlation of cell surface myeloma protein with cell cycle on an in vitro cell line indicated that the heterogeneity of cell surface antigen expression could not be accounted for solely by variations occurring during the cell cycle.
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PMID:Simultaneous quantitation of Hoechst 33342 and immunofluorescence on viable cells using a fluorescence activated cell sorter. 702 25

An antibody secreting cell line has been obtained using the technology developed by Milstein, Kohler, and colleagues by fusion between X63 myeloma cells and spleen cells from a mouse previously immunized with PC12 cultured rat pheochromocytoma cells. This antibody bound to particulate protein from adult rat brain and to a lesser extent spinal cord and retina but not adrenal. Lower levels of binding were observed also with spleen, bone marrow, and peritoneal exudate cells. Cells or particulate protein from seven nonneural, nonimmune tissues showed essentially no specific binding. Analysis of adherent and nonadherent peritoneal exudate cells indicated specific antibody binding to both populations. The specific antibody bound was greater in the on-adherent fraction. The antigen has been provisionally named G5 after the antibody secreting clone. Like the Thy 1 antigen of rodents, it is expressed by subpopulation of cells from the nervous and immune systems. However the antigen could not be detected on the PC12 cell line used for immunization suggesting that Balb/C mice spontaneously produce antibody to this rat differentiation antigen.
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PMID:A new antigen common to the rat nervous and immune systems: I. Detection with a hybridoma. 724 18

Multidrug resistance, mediated by the P-glycoprotein 170 transport pump, is a serious problem in multiple myeloma. In this review we discuss the expression of P-gp as a differentiation antigen on normal T and B lymphocytes. In myeloma, circulating presumptively malignant B cells express P-gp prior to chemotherapy. A variety of evidence characterizes these circulating B cells as members of the malignant clone in myeloma, including the demonstration that they share immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) rearrangements with bone marrow plasma cells, and their extensive DNA aneuploidy. In some patients the only components of the clonal populations that express P-gp are the circulating B cells suggesting that they represent a reservoir of multidrug resistant cells that maintain malignant growth and spread in myeloma. We speculate that exposure to chemotherapy alters clonal homeostasis and exerts positive selection pressure on generative components of the myeloma clone. Thus the possibility exists that chemotherapy perpetuates rather than eradicates myeloma stem cells. P-gp is detectable on bone marrow plasma cells in myeloma but appears to be in an inactive form that is unable to mediate efflux of marker dyes. A similar phenomenon is seen for normal human monocytes which have surface P-gp but lack any functional export of P-gp substrates. P-gp appears to vary depending in a cell-type specific manner suggesting that it may be feasible to design inhibitors of P-gp which selectively block P-gp export by malignant cells and spare the function of P-gp on normal tissue, including lymphocytes and normal hematopoietic stem cells.
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PMID:Intrinsic expression of the multidrug transporter, P-glycoprotein 170, in multiple myeloma: implications for treatment. 754 27

Cell adhesion molecules (CAM) represent a large group of cell surface protein moieties with distinctive biological functions. In physiological terms they ascertain cell to cell contact such as cell cohesion of epithelia, condition cell migration and transmigration via biological membranes such as blood vessel walls, provide means for homing cells in a new microenvironment etc. These features of CAM are exploited by tumor cells to grow and spread in a tumor bearing host. CD56/N-CAM antigen is 140 kD isoform of neural cell adhesion molecule. N-CAM belongs to the large Ig superfamily of CAMs. CD56 can be traced at various sites, including nervous tissue, neuro-muscular junctions, neuroendocrine and endocrine organs. It is well known as a differentiation antigen of natural killer (NK) cells. Its role and function are far from clear, but its adhesion properties are evident in cell-cell (homophilic) interactions. CD56 has been, however, demonstrated the cells various human malignancies. Tumors of the nervous system such as neuroblastoma, are well known to express this marker. Malignant lymphomas of T-NK cell origin bear CD56, as well as multiple myeloma, melanoma and some cancers of epithelial origin. These data suggest that CD56/N-CAM antigen is, in some unknown manner involved in tumor biology.
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PMID:Significance of cell adhesion molecules, CD56/NCAM in particular, in human tumor growth and spreading. 1182 Jun 19


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