Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fusion of splenic lymphocytes from Lewis rats, immunized with affinity-purified estrogen receptor from the cytosol of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, with two different mouse myeloma lines, has provided 13 monoclonal hybridoma lines secreting antiestrophilin antibodies, each of which (with one possible exception) recognizes a different antigenic determinant in the human receptor molecule. Of this library of monoclonal antibodies, some react with estrophilin from all sources tested, some react with mammalian but not avian receptors, whereas one preparation appears specific for estrophilin from primate sources. By proteolytic digestion under controlled conditions with mercury-deactivated papain, chymotrypsin, and trypsin, respectively, it is possible to remove sequentially the determinants recognized by one, two or three of the monoclonal antibodies, leaving the epitopes for the six remaining antibodies investigated on the steroid-binding portion of the receptor. The proteolytic fragment containing the epitope most readily removed (by mercuripapain) also contains the DNA-binding domain of the activated receptor molecule. Immunocytochemical staining, using the peroxidase procedure with various monoclonal antibody preparations, of frozen sections of human breast cancer tissue, fixed in ethanol or in picric acid-formaldehyde reagent, shows clearly that the majority of the native receptor, which appears in the cytosol after tissue homogenization, is actually localized within the nuclear compartment in the intact cell. The immunocytochemical technique also permits the identification of mixed populations of receptor-containing and non-containing cells in human breast cancers.
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PMID:Immunochemical studies of estrogen receptors. 620 Jul

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to hog thyroglobulin (Tg) were obtained by fusion of myeloma cells with B-lymphocytes from mice immunized with the protein. The five MAbs were classified into three groups which recognized different determinants; (1) MAb 4, (2) MAbs 6 and 10, and (3) MAbs 16 and 18. MAb 16 was IgG2b and the others IgG1. The immunoreactivity of Tg to the five MAbs was lost after reduction of the protein under denaturing conditions but remained after limited digestion by proteolytic enzymes. Tryptic fragments were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electrophoretically blotted and stained by a peroxidase-linked second antibody. Various sized tryptic fragments reacted similarly with the three MAbs which had different determinant specificities. All the MAb-reactable fragments in the tryptic digest completely lost their immunoreactivity after reduction of their disulfide linkages.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies to hog thyroglobulin recognizing disulfide-dependent conformational structures. 620 52

The antigenic relationships between human tumors of neuroectodermal origin and fetal brain were investigated by the production of hybridoma antibodies derived from a fusion of P3-NS1/1-Ag 4-1 (NS1) myeloma cells with splenocytes from a mouse multiply immunized with an homogenate of second-trimester human fetal brain tissue. Two monoclonal antibodies (MAs), 4D2cl 6 and 7H10cl 4, were studied in detail by cell surface radioimmunoassay (CS-RIA), quantitative absorption, indirect immunofluorescence, and peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) immunohistology. MA 4D2cl 6 binds to 5 of 14 glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines, 1 of 2 melanoma cell lines, 1 of 3 neuroblastoma cell lines, and 1 of 5 fetal fibroblast lines by CS-RIA and to 13 of 13 GBM, 1 neuroblastoma, and fetal brain, liver, spleen, and adult spleen unfixed frozen tissue by PAP analysis. MA 7H10cl 4 binds to 13 of 14 GBM, 1 of 3 neuroblastoma, and 1 medulloblastoma cell line(s) by CS-RIA analysis and to 13 of 13 GBM, 1 neuroblastoma, fetal brain, liver, spleen, thymus, and adult spleen by PAP analysis. Control non-central nervous system tumors and normal adult tissue, including brain, were unreactive with both MAs by CS-RIA, PAP, and absorption analysis. Tissue distribution and localization analyses established that MAs 4D2cl 6 and 7H10cl 4 recognize specificities of shared fetal-neuroectodermal-lymphoid distribution which are operationally specific within the adult central nervous system and which are not related to previously described oncofetal or onconeural antigens.
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PMID:Expression of human fetal brain antigens by human tumors of neuroectodermal origin as defined by monoclonal antibodies. 627 12

The antigenic relationship between human tumors of neuroectodermal origin and fetal brain were further investigated by characterization of two hybridoma antibodies derived from a fusion of P3-NS1/1-Ag 4-1 (NSI) myeloma cells and splenocytes hyperimmunized to second trimester human fetal brain homogenate. Monoclonal antibodies (MAs) 1H8cl 2 and 1H8cl 3 were analyzed by cell surface radioimmunoassay (CS-RIA), quantitative absorption, indirect immunofluorescence, and peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistology. MA 1H8cl 3 is the more broadly reactive, binding to 9/14 glioblastoma (GBM), 2/3 neuroblastoma, 1/2 melanoma, and 1 medulloblastoma cell line(s) by CS-RIA analysis, and to 12/15 GBM, fetal brain, spleen, and liver, and adult spleen by PAP analysis. MA 1H8cl 2 is more restricted, binding to 7/14 GBM, 2/3 neuroblastoma, 1 medulloblastoma, and 2/3 fetal skin fibroblast cell line(s) by CS-RIA, and to 9/15 GBM and fetal brain and spleen by PAP analysis. Control non-central nervous system tumors and normal adult tissue including brain, thymus, lymph node, liver, kidney, lung, skin, and pancreas, were unreactive with both 1H8cl 2 and 1H8cl 3 by CS-RIA, PAP, and absorption analysis. The data presented here establish the unique nature of the detected antigenic specificities as compared to previously described oncofetal and onconeural antigens, and define two immune reagents which are operationally specific for tumors of neuroectodermal origin within the adult central nervous system.
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PMID:Human fetal brain antigen expression common to tumors of neuroectodermal tissue origin. 628 96

A monoclonal antibody, PHM 5, directed against human glomerular epithelial cells, was prepared after immunisation of a mouse with isolated human glomeruli and fusion of spleen cells with a mouse myeloma. Binding of antibody to isolated glomeruli was detected by radioimmune indirect binding assay, and specificity for glomerular epithelial cells was shown using a four-layer peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique applied to epoxy resin sections of the human kidney cortex. PHM 5 appears to detect a human-specific cell surface carbohydrate antigen not previously described, and can be used to identify epithelial cells in renal biopsy sections and in culture outgrowths of isolated glomeruli.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies to human glomerular cells: a marker for glomerular epithelial cells. 633 71

To determine the cellular distribution of Toxoplasma antigens, RH strain tachyzoites were incubated with either one of three monoclonal antibodies (FMC 19, FMC 20, FMC 22) to T. gondii, or one of two controls (the murine myeloma protein MOPC 21, or phosphate buffered saline), and then incubated with peroxidase-labelled goat-antimouse IgG. Diaminobenzidine was added as substrate and electron microscopy was used to localize the reaction. All three antibodies bound to the entire periphery of the tachyzoite surface membrane. To ascertain the chemical composition of the antigens against which seven monoclonal antibodies (FMC 18, FMC 19, FMC 20, FMC 22, FMC 23, 2G11, 3E6) to T. gondii reacted, untreated, pronase-treated, or periodate-treated tachyzoites were incubated with the antibodies or MOPC 21, and then with [125I]-Protein A. The pronase-treated tachyzoites showed reduced binding for six of the antibodies, compared with the reduction in binding of MOPC 21 with the pronase-treated parasites. The periodate-treated tachyzoites had reduced binding for FMC 18 only. The results of these experiments confirm that most Toxoplasma surface antigens are protein in nature, and are consistent with the hypothesis that at least one cytoplasmic antigen is secreted onto the parasite cell surface.
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PMID:Ultrastructural and biochemical studies on the immunohistochemistry of Toxoplasma gondii antigens using monoclonal antibodies. 634 26

Monoclonal antibodies against amyloid fibril protein AA were produced by cell fusion of murine P3 X 63-Ag8.653 myeloma cells with spleen cells of immunized Balb/c mice. To increase immunogenicity, protein AA was coupled to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or human high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK). Using micro-ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay) seven hybridoma cell lines secreting antibodies that specifically bind to protein AA have been selected and cloned. When applied to formalin-fixed paraffin sections of a variety of different amyloid types using immunoperoxidase methods, five monoclonal antibodies bound specifically and strongly to amyloid only of the AA type. Since a series of different AA-amyloids could be stained, these reagents may be used to routinely diagnose AA-amyloidosis in tissue sections. A monoclonal antibody against HRP has also been produced that has been utilized to develop a monoclonal peroxidase-antiperoxidases (PAP) complex. When three immunoperoxidase methods were compared, the sensitivity of a conventional rat PAP was comparable to the monoclonal PAP complex, but the latter was easier to handle. Both methods were more sensitive than the indirect immunoperoxidase technique.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies against amyloid fibril protein AA. Production, specificity, and use for immunohistochemical localization and classification of AA-type amyloidosis. 636 21

A rapid and sensitive enzyme immunoassay is described for detecting rabies antibody in hybridoma culture fluids. Glass fiber filter disks were used to immobilize gamma-irradiated mouse neuroblastoma cells infected with street or laboratory strains of rabies virus. Bound rabies-specific antibody was detected by reaction with horseradish peroxidase-labeled goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G. The assay was performed in a 96-well filtration device developed by Cleveland et al. (J. Clin. Microbiol. 15:402-407, 1982) for the typing of herpes simplex viruses. When partially disrupted cells were used, both internal and external viral antigens were available for reaction. The procedure is rapid (less than 4 h for completion) and requires only small amounts of fluid, and the gamma-irradiated antigen is noninfectious. When the procedure was used to screen 145 fluids from rabies-immune spleen-myeloma cell fusions, 132 were positive for rabies antibody. Other commonly used assays for the detection of rabies-specific antibody were less sensitive. Simultaneous analyses of many hybridoma fluids against a battery of street and laboratory strains of rabies virus are possible and allow rapid selection of useful monoclones.
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PMID:Enzyme immunoassay for rabies antibody in hybridoma culture fluids and its application to differentiation of street and laboratory strains of rabies virus. 636 63

There is evidence that polymorphonuclear granulocytes release neutral proteinases such as elastase (E) and cathepsin G in the course of acute leukemia. These proteinases may inactivate clotting factors by unspecific degradation before they are eliminated via complex formation with endogenous inhibitors, e.g. the alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI). In this study it was attempted to correlate plasma levels of the E-alpha 1-PI complex with factor XIII and antithrombin III in acute leukemia. Using a newly developed, sensitive enzyme-linked immunoassay the concentration of E-alpha 1-PI in patients with various types of leukemia, malignant lymphoma or multiple myeloma was determined. Only patients with acute myelocytic or promyelocytic leukemia (AML, APL) and chronic myelocytic leukemia with and without blastic transformation (CML) showed moderate to high levels of E-alpha 1-PI (2- to 20-fold of normal). However, coagulation factor concentration observed in the different types of leukemia seemed to be independent of elastase liberation. Most of the AML-patients with elevated E-alpha 1-PI levels showed peroxidase positive blood cell smears.
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PMID:Plasma levels of human granulocytic elastase alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex (E-alpha 1-PI) in leukemia. 637 1

Monoclonal antibodies ( MCAs ) have been derived from a fusion of P3-NS1/1-Ag 4-1 (NS1) myeloma cells and splenocytes immunized to human glioma cell line D-54 MG. MCAs 2F3 , 4C7 , and 5B7 were analyzed by cell surface radioimmunoassay (CS-RIA), quantitative absorption, indirect immunofluorescence, and peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) immunohistology of unfixed tissue samples. MCA 2F3 exhibits the most highly restricted pattern of reactivity we have observed, reacting only with 5/12 glioblastoma cell lines and 1/4 fetal skin lines by CS-RIA, and to 9/11 glioblastoma tissue samples by PAP and absorption analysis; this MCA is totally nonreactive with melanomas, neuroblastomas, meningiomas, and control non-central nervous system tumors, and to adult and fetal tissues including brain, thymus, spleen, liver, lung, heart, gut, skin, and muscle by PAP analysis. MCAs 4C7 and 5B7 demonstrate neuroectodermal tumor cross-reactivity profiles, reacting with either melanomas ( 5B7 ) or melanomas and neuroblastomas ( 4C7 ); both are reactive with fetal skin, brain, and thymus of less than or equal to 16 weeks of gestational age. Other than this latter fetal antigen reactivity, these MCAs share the same negative reactivity profile described above for MCA 2F3 . Data from experiments using control or 0.02% EDTA-treated confluent cell monolayers of D-54 MG as antibody absorbents showed that the antigens detected are present in the extracellular matrix material remaining following cell removal. The data presented here establish that these highly restrictive anti-human glioma cell line MCAs are expressed in primary human gliomas; that the markers defined are developmental in nature, in that they are expressed by human fetal tissue, but not by adult tissue; and that in conjunction with previously characterized specificities, these markers of antigenic heterogeneity will be valuable in model system studies of therapeutic response heterogeneity.
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PMID:Characterization of three restricted specificity monoclonal antibodies raised against the human glioma cell line D-54 MG. 637 21


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