Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reviewed the efficacy of three agents advocated as ancillary therapy in myeloma patients. Intramuscularly administered immune serum globulin (gamma globulin) was ineffective in preventing infection. Hemoglobin level was improved in some myeloma patients receiving androgens. However, the response rate and the degree of leukopenia or thrombocytopenia were not superior with androgen-melphalan-prenisone combination therapy, as compared with those resulting from the two-drug combination without androgen. A controlled study evaluating androgen plus melphalan has not been done. The long-term administration of fluoride, supplemented by calcium and androgen, induced radiologically apparent bone fluorosis, but strengthening of lytic bone was not observed. Neither objective nor subjective benefit was demonstrated in a controlled study comparing the effects of fluoride (without calcium supplement) with those of the placebo.
 ...
PMID:Ancillary measures in treatment of myeloma. Use of immune serum globulin, fluoride, or androgen. 4 43

We report a case of IgE myeloma in a 78-year-old woman who presented with bone pain in the shoulder and hip and progressive weakness. Except for hypercalcemia, routine chemistry values were within normal limits. Hemoglobin was decreased and the leukocyte count slightly increased. Plasma cells were not observed in the peripheral blood. Serum protein electrophoresis showed a monoclonal protein in the beta-globulin fraction. Immunofixation confirmed the presence of an IgE kappa monoclonal protein. A bone marrow biopsy revealed an interstitial and nodular infiltration of abnormal plasma cells comprising 60% of nucleated cells present. Skeletal roentgenograms and bone scans of this patient showed osteolytic lesions and osteopenia of the thoracic and lumbar spine and osteolytic destruction of the right half of the sacrum. Flow-cytometric analysis of mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood showed that 15% of the lymphocytes bound IgE. Using cell-surface markers, we identified 45% of the IgE-positive cells as natural killer cells. Similar results have been found in other diseases marked by increased IgE. The clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings for this patient are compared with previously reported cases of IgE and other types of myeloma.
 ...
PMID:A new case of IgE myeloma. 142 32

Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia have been observed in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex. To investigate whether red cells (RBCs) of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection were coated with IgG and/or complement (C3), blood samples of 239 patients were tested. The prevalence of a positive direct antiglobulin test on RBCs was 16.7 percent. By use of an enzyme-linked antiglobulin test (ELAT) to measure more accurately the number of IgG molecules per RBC in a group of 67 patients, 30 of the 67 individuals were observed to have increased numbers (mean, 155) compared to normal controls and to patients with hypergammaglobulinemia due to multiple myeloma or chronic liver disease. Hemoglobin level was correlated with the number of IgG molecules per RBC (p = 0.008), but no correlation could be demonstrated between those numbers and serum immunoglobulin (p = 0.10) or circulating immune complexes (p = 0.38). Our results with ELAT suggest that some AIDS patients may have specific binding of IgG on the surface of their RBCs, rather than nonspecific uptake; further clinical correlations are necessary to confirm these findings.
 ...
PMID:Quantitation of red cell-bound IgG by an enzyme-linked antiglobulin test in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. 162 45

Hemoglobin nonenzymatically glycated at E-amino groups of lysine residues was purified from human erythrocyte lysates and used for immunization of BALB/c mice. Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies for glycated hemoglobin were produced by fusion of mouse spleen cells with SP 2/0 myeloma cells. Immunoblotting with purified monoclonal antibody demonstrated specificity for glycated hemoglobin, with no reaction with HbAO. Glycated hemoglobin was effectively separated from other hemoglobins upon application of erythrocyte lysates to an affinity column of monoclonal antibody immobilized onto Sepharose 4B. A small fraction of purified HbA1c adsorbed to the monoclonal antibody affinity column, indicating that glycation can occur at both E-amino lysine and N-terminal valine positions in the same molecule. HbA1c did not react with the antibody after removal by immunoadsorption of molecules containing glycated lysine, confirming specificity of the antibody for deoxyfructosyl-lysine residues. The findings indicate that these monoclonal antibodies are site specific for glycated lysine amino groups in hemoglobin, and can provide rapid and efficient separation and identification of glycated hemoglobin in human erythrocyte lysates.
 ...
PMID:Purification of glycated hemoglobin free of hemoglobin A1c and its use to produce monoclonal antibodies specific for deoxyfructosyllysine [correction of deoxyfructosyllsine] residues in glycohemoglobin. 190 3

A murine hybridoma was generated which secreted a monoclonal antibody (Mab) that specifically recognized the alpha 2(68)(E17)Asn----Lys beta 2 substitution of Hb G-Philadelphia. Hybridomas were produced by fusion of RBF/DnJ immune splenic lymphocytes with FOX-NY murine myeloma cells and selected in adenine-aminopterin-thymidine (AAT) medium. Culture fluids were screened by ELISA for antibody reacting with Hb G-Philadelphia but not Hb A. One such culture was cloned by limiting dilution, expanded and injected into pristane-primed, cyclophosphamide-suppressed BALB/c mice for ascites production. An enzyme-linked immunoassay was developed by conjugating hemoglobin in hemolysates or purified hemoglobins to the plastic surface of wells of a microtiter plate. The ascites fluid containing the Hb G-Philadelphia Mab was added to the wells followed by goat anti-mouse IgG conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. After the addition of substrate (tetramethylbenzidine), a deep blue color developed, signifying a positive reaction. We analyzed 58 hemolysates (17 adult, 41 cord) containing a G-variant along with 28 control hemolysates (12 cords comprising FA, FAC, FAS, FSS, FCC phenotypes; 16 adults consisting of AA, AS, SS, SC, S-beta thal, AD-Los Angeles phenotypes). Of the 58 hemolysates containing a G-variant, 53 were positive by ELISA and confirmed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Four of the five hemolysates negative for Hb G-Philadelphia were shown to be Hb G-Montgomery by RIA. None of the control hemolysates were positive. The assay could be completed in 1 hr and represents a technological advance in hemoglobin identification.
Hemoglobin 1988
PMID:Generation of a monoclonal antibody specific for Hb G-Philadelphia [alpha 2(68)(E17)Asn----Lys beta 2] and development of an immunoassay. 338 5

Forty-two bone marrow aspirates and biopsies during follow-up examinations from patients with multiple myeloma were reviewed to determine whether the results correlate with the clinical state of the patient at the time of examination. The percentage of plasma cells on biopsy and aspiration, cytological immaturity, patterns of plasma cell infiltration, and the presence or absence of multiple lymphoid nodules and marked fibrosis were cross-tabulated with clinical parameters (hemoglobin levels, osteolytic lesions, and renal function). Hemoglobin levels less than 10 g/dl were more frequent in those with greater than 70% plasma cells on either aspiration or biopsy (P less than 0.05). A nodular histological pattern on biopsy, however, had a higher correlation with hemoglobin levels less than 10 g/dl, and serum creatinine levels greater than 2 mg/dl, than did plasma cell number. The presence of lymphoid nodules correlated with less lytic bone lesions. The degree of fibrosis and plasma cell immaturity did not correlate with any of the clinical parameters. Our findings suggest that reports on bone biopsies should include in addition to the number of plasma cells, the pattern of plasma cell infiltration and the presence or absence of multiple lymphoid nodules.
 ...
PMID:Bone marrow biopsy in multiple myeloma: a clinical pathological study. 340 26

Prognostic factors in 68 consecutive patients with myeloma treated at the National Cancer Center Hospital from 1962 to 1984 were analyzed. Median survival time from onset was 100 months for stage I, 72 months for stage II, and 26 months for stage III of the Durie and Salmon's clinical staging system. It was 55 months in patients with normal renal function and 18 months in those with abnormal renal function. All early deaths occurred in patients with stage III disease. Hemoglobin level, bone lytic lesions and presence of Bence Jones protein were also significant prognostic factors. On the other hand, heavy chain as well as light chain subtypes of monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-component) and M-component production rate did not influence the survival of myeloma patients. The analysis of chemotherapeutic responses and survival curves according to the chemotherapy used in this study (alkylating agent vs Vinca-alkaloid plus alkylating agent) did not disclose any significant difference between the two groups. The overall response rate was 67%. The survival time from the initial chemotherapy of responding patients was significantly longer than that of nonresponders.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic factors and therapeutic results in multiple myeloma. 405 32

Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO) is an effective growth factor for erythroid progenitor cells in anemia provoked by several conditions, including bone marrow tumors such as multiple myeloma (MM). We studied a group of 54 patients with MM undergoing second-induction chemotherapy. Thirty of them were randomly assigned to receive rHu-EPO at an initial dosage of 150 units/kg body weight three times a week, increased to 300 units/kg from the sixth week to the end of the 24-week study. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels increased in 77.7% of these patients by the eighth week. In addition, five transfusion-dependent patients in treatment with the VMCP protocol completed the trial without requiring blood supplement after the third month, whereas seven control patients required frequent supplements. Monthly assessment of hematologic parameters demonstrated the ability of rHu-EPO to increase reticulocyte counts, whereas five patients became resistant to the second-induction chemotherapy in apparent concurrence with their rHu-EPO therapy. The response to rHu-EPO in four of the five MM patients receiving cytotoxic protocols combined with alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) included an increase of serum IgM after the third month. This effect was not demonstrable in any other group, including three rHu-EPO-untreated patients undergoing alpha-IFN + VMCP combined therapy, as well as rHu-EPO-treated patients not receiving alpha-IFN. Our data suggest that alpha-IFN plus rHu-EPO treatment in MM patients is effective in restoring normal B cell function. These results may reflect in vivo the modulation of normal human B cells and lymphoblasts by rHu-EPO observed in vitro.
 ...
PMID:Long-term therapy with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO) in progressing multiple myeloma. 763 11

High cardiac output failure/state (HCOF) is regular feature of some illnesses e.g. thiamine deficiency, hyperthyroidism, severe anemia, Paget's disease or arteriovenous fistulae. HCOF in multiple myeloma is reported quite rarely. 31-year-old man was admitted because of fatigue, dyspnea and subfebrilities. Heart rate was 116/min, sinus rythm blood pressure 110/60 mmHg. Chest film showed cardiomegaly with sings of interstitial pulmonary edema, echocardiography mild dilatation of the left ventricle with hyperkinetic wall motion and small pericardial effusion. Hemoglobin was 104 g/l, leukocyte count 13.5 x 10(9)/l with 30% of plasmatic cells. Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrated a monoclonal gammapathy, X ray studies of the skelet multiple osteolytic lesions. Diagnosis of plasmocytic leukemia-form of multiple myeloma was established and chemotherapy (vincristine + adriamycine + dexamethason) was started. Patient cardiac status deteriorated. Cardiac catheterisation demonstrated mean righ atrial pressure of 25 mmHg, mean pulmonary artery pressure of 28 mmHg and pulmonary artery wedge pressure of 24 mmHg. Co was 20.0 l/min (C.I. 11.5 l/min/m2). In continuing of chemotherapy and symptomatic therapy for heart failure patients status gradually improved and complete remission of the myeloma and normalisation of cardiac parameters was achieved. Heart failure in multiple myeloma patients has been attributed to amyloidosis of myocardium, hyperviscosity syndrome, co-existing CAD or anthracycline toxicity. HCOF should be considered in patients with clinical evidence of heart failure and normal left ventricular function.
 ...
PMID:[Hypercirculatory heart failure in a patient with plasmacytic leukemia]. 855 97

Serum cystatin C has been suggested as a new marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We describe a fully automated and rapid particle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay (PENIA) for measuring serum cystatin C on the Behring nephelometer systems (BNA, BN II). Each sample is analyzed in 6 min with as many as 75 samples per batch. The assay covers the range 0.23-7.25 mg/L, up to seven times the upper limit of normal. The intra- and interassay imprecision are < 3.3% and < 4.5%, respectively. There is absolute linearity across the assay range (r2 = 0.997), with analytical recovery by cystatin C addition between 95% and 109% (mean 102%). Hemoglobin (< or = 8.0 g/L), bilirubin (< or = 488 microL), triglycerides (< or = 23 mmol/L), rheumatoid factor (< or = 2000 kIU/L), and myeloma paraprotein (< or = 41 g/L) do not interfere with the assay. This assay agreed well with an in-house particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (PETIA) (mean difference = 1.73 +/- 2.10) and a commercial PETIA (mean difference = 1.13 +/- 0.86). This is a new assay by which cystatin C may be effectively used as a marker of GFR estimation.
 ...
PMID:Initial evaluation of cystatin C measurement by particle-enhanced immunonephelometry on the Behring nephelometer systems (BNA, BN II). 919 55


1 2 3 Next >>