Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

L-Phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM), a bis-choroethylamine, is an important drug in the treatment of multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer. It undergoes rapid hydrolysis in vitro and in vivo, forming the mono-and dihydroxy degradation products. L-PAM's first-order disappearance rate in a phosphate-buffered solution did not differ statistically according to the presence or absence of activated rat liver microsomal enzymes. Furthermore, L-PAM's disappearance rate in a rat whole liver perfusion system was not greater than its hydrolysis rate in water. In vitro plasma recovery studies showed that up to 85% of the 14C L-PAM drug equivalents could be recovered as the parent compound and the mono- and dihydroxy degradation products. Thus, L-PAM in in vitro degradation was similar qualitatively and quantitatively to its reported in vivo degradation in animals and man. It is concluded that L-PAM does not undergo important, active in vivo metabolism.
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PMID:In vitro degradation of L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM). 710 81

To establish which constituents of blood influence the NMR relaxation time T1 of water protons in malignant blood diseases, 55 blood samples were studied (20 from healthy donors and 35 from patients with leukaemia, myelofibrosis and multiple myeloma). Relaxation time measurements were performed at 19.8 MHz resonance frequency and at a temperature of 33 +/- 1 degree C. There is a significant elevation of T1 over the normal level in whole blood, packed cells, and plasma of patients with blood disease. The relaxation rate R1 (= 1/T1) depends very strongly on the ratio of dry solids to water, which is in accordance with the three-state fast-exchange relaxation model.
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PMID:The spin-lattice relaxation time in the blood of healthy subjects and patients with malignant blood disease. 711 98

Thirteen Louisiana parishes (counties) using the Mississippi river as a source of potable water have the highest mortality rates (1950-1969) in the drinking water source, a comparison of cancer deaths and noncancer deaths from 1960-1975 in selected southern Louisiana parishes was conducted. Parishes were grouped for similarities in industrialization and approximately equal exposure of the population to surface water and ground water. Cancers were studied in groups by hypothesized risk: high for bladder, colon, kidney, liver, lymphoma, rectum, and stomach; low for Hodgkin's lymphoma, leukemia, lung, malignant melanoma, multiple myeloma, and prostate; and questionable for breast, brain, esophagus, and pancreas. Noncancer deaths were randomly selected and matched 1:1 to cancer deaths on age, race, sex, and year and parish group of death. Water source at death was based on residence at death, surface or ground water, and chlorinated or nonchlorinated water. The risk associated with using surface water least likely due solely to change occurred for cancer of the rectum. Other risks which were lower but still greater than 1.0 occurred for cancer of the kidney and breast. No risk was observed for other cancers of the gastrointestinal or urinary tract. Risk for multiple myeloma was associated with use of ground water.
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PMID:Drinking water and cancer in Louisiana. A retrospective mortality study. 713 52

The denaturation and renaturation by guanidine hydrochloride of Fc(t) fragment whose interchain disulfide bonds are reduced and alkylated (R.A.Fc(t)) and pFc' fragment of a human myeloma protein (IgGl, kappa) were studied using tryptophyl fluorescence. R.A.Fc(t) was found to consist of a slow-unfolding region and a rapid-unfolding region. The denaturation of pFc' was extremely slow. Comparison of the kinetic and equilibrium data of the denaturation of R.A.Fc(t) with those of pFcl indicated that the slow-unfolding region of R.A.Fc(t) corresponds to the CH3 region and the fast-unfolding region the CH2 domain. This was also confirmed by the analysis of the CD and fluorescence spectra for R.A.Fc(t) and pFc' at various concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride. Although the kinetic stability of the CH3 region was much higher than that of the CH2 region, the thermodynamic stabilities of these domains were almost the same; the free energy change of the denaturation in water being about 6 kcal . mol-1. This value is also the same as the value for the CL fragment (Goto, Y. & Hamaguchi, K. (1979) J. Biochem. 86, 1433--1441). It was suggested that the high kinetic stability of the CH3 region in R.A.Fc(t) is due to the strong tendency for the CH3 domains to form a dimer.
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PMID:Denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride of the Fc(t) and pFc' fragments of human immunoglobulin G. 714 21

Several Louisiana parishes (counties) using the Mississippi River for their source of public drinking water have the highest mortality rates (1950-69) in the United States for several cancers. Therefore, a case-control mortality study on cancer of the liver, brain, pancreas, bladder, kidney, prostate, rectum, colon, esophagus, stomach, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, lung; breast and malignant melanoma, from 1960 to 1975 in South Louisiana parishes grouped for similarities in industrial characteristics, having approximately equal exposure of the population to surface and groundwater, was conducted. Noncancer deaths were randomly selected as controls and matched to the case death on age, race, sex, and year and parish group of death. Water source at death was assigned based on the residence at death and described as surface or ground and chlorinated or nonchlorinated. A significantly increased risk for surface, chlorinated water use was noted for rectal cancer. No risk could be demonstrated for colon cancer. The risk noted for bladder cancer by other investigators is not substantiated. Brain cancer risk appears to be associated with chlorinated groundwater, but this may be industrial confounding. Breast cancer demonstrated a slight, but significant, risk associated with surface chlorinated water. This risk, however, might be due to confounding of rural life style, early childbearing and large families with nonchlorinated water found in these settings. Chlorination risk for kidney cancer was not significant. No risk was observed in association with surface water for other cancers of the gastrointestinal or urinary tract. Multiple myeloma was significantly associated with a risk from ground water.
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PMID:Case-control cancer mortality study and chlorination of drinking water in Louisiana. 715 59

Major controversies exist in the literature on the presence of blood group antigens on the endothelial and stromal layers of the cornea, and the importance of major histocompatibility typing for keratoplasty. Antibodies were raised in BALB/C mice against water soluble proteins of corneal epithelium. Following fusion of spleen cells with myeloma cells (Sp2/0-Ag14) hybrid colonies were maintained in HAT selective medium. The supernates of each colony were measured and screened for antibody production by radioimmunoassay. Gel electrophoresis of the antigen showed nine major bands. The antibodies were partially characterized by cross reaction against other soluble corneal fractions.
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PMID:Production of hybridomas secreting antibodies to the cornea. 729 1

In the present study frequency and mechanisms of alterations in serum electrolytes in multiple myeloma were investigated. Asymptomatic hyponatremia (up to 93 mmol/l) was present in 7 of 15 patients. Water of serum was significantly lower, viscosity of serum significantly raised as compared to healthy controls. A highly significant negative correlation between sodium concentration and viscosity was found. By measuring serum sodium concentration with viscosity independent dilution systems it could be proved that in each case the observed hyponatremia was caused by flaws in our routinely used viscosity dependent dilution method. The decrease in water of serum contributed only little to the development of hyponatremia. It is concluded that the decrease in serum sodium concentration in multiple myeloma is nothing else than a feigned hyponatremia which needs no therapy.
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PMID:[Pseudohyponatremia in multiple myeloma (author's transl)]. 744 87

A monoclonal immunoglobulin M antibody, HP15/36, was produced by a hybridoma cell line prepared by fusion of mouse myeloma cell line Sp2/O with spleen cells of mice immunized with Helicobacter pylori D273 (French strain). Immunoelectron microscopy of whole bacteria and ultrathin sections showed that the determinant was located outside the bacterial cell, possibly in the outermost areas. This external reactivity was observed by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase assays and was confirmed by immunogold study at the ultrastructural level. The reactive epitope was formol and picric acid resistant and allowed the detection of the bacterium on fixed tissue biopsy specimens. The reactive component was extracted with phenol-water. Immunoblotting with such an antigen exhibited a clearly positive reactivity at a molecular mass between 50 and 120 kDa. This reactivity was suppressed by periodate oxidation, suggesting a carbohydrate epitope. The diagnostic value and significance of this polysaccharide in microbe-host interactions remain to be determined.
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PMID:Partial characterization of an external polysaccharide of Helicobacter pylori by using an immunoglobulin M monoclonal antibody. 768 30

The immunogenicity of a multiple antigenic peptide construct consisting of four copies of the synthetic 21-mer peptide DANFDSIRVDAVDNVDADLLQ was measured. The composition of this peptide was derived from a sequence in the N-terminal region of mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferases (GTFs) containing an aspartic acid implicated in catalysis. The peptide (CAT) construct was synthesized as a tetramer on a lysine backbone and subcutaneously injected into Sprague-Dawley rats for polyclonal antibody formation or intraperitoneally injected into BALB/c mice, and then spleen cell fused with Sp2/0Ag14 murine myeloma cells for monoclonal antibody formation. The resulting rat antisera and mouse monoclonal antibodies reacted with CAT and with native GTF isozymes from Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus mutans (in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot [immunoblot] analyses). Functional inhibition of the water-insoluble glucan synthetic activity of S. sobrinus GTF-I was demonstrated with an immunoglobulin M anti-CAT monoclonal antibody (> 80% inhibited) and with rat sera (approximately 17% inhibited). The monoclonal antibody preparation also modestly inhibited the water-soluble glucan synthetic activity of an S. mutans GTF mixture. These results suggest that the CAT peptide contains B-cell epitopes that are similar to those of intact mutans streptococcal GTFs and has the potential to elicit antibody that can inhibit GTF function. Thus, sequences within this peptide construct may have value for inclusion in a synthetic dental caries vaccine.
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PMID:Immunological characteristics of a synthetic peptide associated with a catalytic domain of mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferase. 796 Jan 28

Progressive day-time sleepiness developed in a 73-year-old man for 3 years known to have kappa-light-chain myeloma, treated with radio- and chemotherapy. His powers of concentration and intellectual performance were diminished. Neither clinical nor biochemically was there any indication of abnormal water and electrolyte metabolism or hyperviscosity syndrome. The neurological examination was unremarkable. His wife's observation of nocturnal breathing pauses suggested sleep-related abnormal breathing. Polysomnography showed severe central sleep apnoea: an apnoea index of 60/h and blood oxygen saturations as low as 78%. On biphasic positive airway pressure (BIPAP) ventilation by nasal mask at night the apnoea index fell to 6/h and the symptoms improved. During a break in treatment the day-time sleepiness again increased and regressed once again with BIPAP ventilation. There is a 1-5% prevalence of sleep-related impaired breathing among adults. This condition should thus be considered in the differential diagnosis of characteristic day-time sleepiness.
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PMID:[Central sleep apnea syndrome as a cause of impaired wakefulness in multiple myeloma]. 828 78


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