Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prognostic significance of age, sex, ethnic origin and various laboratory data was studied retrospectively in 69 patients with multiple myeloma using conventional statistical tests and the multiple regression computerized analysis. The conventional statistical analysis confirmed that age, anemia, uremia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, hyperuricemia and IgA lambda type myeloma were associated with a poor prognosis. The multiple regression analysis indicated that age and blood urea nitrogen levels were the only variables which significantly affect the survival of patients with multiple myeloma. A correlation was found between blood urea nitrogen levels and other laboratory data of apparent prognostic value. The differences between our results and those of other authors are discussed and it is suggested that they may, in part, be due to the fact that the interplay between the various prognostic variables was not exposed in other studies.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in multiple myeloma: a retrospective study using conventional statistical methods and a computer program. 10 Oct 12

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase levels (LAPL's) were determined in 62 patients with multiple myeloma over a 13-year period. Sixty of the 62 myeloma patients had consistently elevated LAPL's, one patient had normal LAPL, and one patient had an initially normal LAPL which later increased. Elevated LAPL's could not be correlated with age, hemoglobin levels, white blood counts, or elevation of the blood urea nitrogen. LAPL's did not change during objective or subjective responses to chemotherapy or with progression of disease. We suggest that some feature of myeloma may "turn on" an abnormal clone of cells which may be responsible for the elevated LAPL's in patients with multiple myeloma.
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PMID:Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase levels in multiple myeloma. 40 35

We report the humoral immune response of a patient with multiple myeloma to rapidly successive episodes of meningococcal and pneumococcal meningitis. Specific antibody responses included a high bactericidal titer (1:640) against the infecting meningococcus and a sharp increase (from 198 to 8,097 ng/ml antibody nitrogen) in antibody to the type-specific capsular polysaccharide of the infecting pneumococcus. These data, showing the production of protective antibodies against the two pathogens, suggest that some patients with multiple myeloma might also respond to appropriately administered bacterial vaccines. This fact should be ascertained because vaccination could potentially reduce the high rate of bacterial infections associated with this disease.
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PMID:Antibody response to infection in multiple myeloma. Implications for vaccination. 46 37

Infusion of cycloheximide i.v., an antibiotic known to inhibit synthesis of protein, at a rate of 0.2 mg/kg/hr, reliably caused lysis of fever in 15 chronically febrile patients with Hodgkin's disease who did not have detectable bacterial, fungal, or viral infection. Antipyretic effects were also seen in some patients with reticulum cell sarcoma, lymphosarcoma, acute leukemia, histiocytic medullary reticulosis, plasma cell myeloma, carcinoma of the lung, and carcinoma of the cervix. The drug failed to produce defervescence in four patients with normal granulocyte reserves, who were febrile due to bacterial infection. When infused at a rate of 0.2 mg/kg/hr, the drug apparently caused an acute alteration of protein metabolism in man in that plasma amino acid nitrogen rose acutely while plasma levels of muramidase and ribonuclease fell during the period of the infusion. The data suggest that continuing synthesis of protein may be involved in nonbacterial fever of neoplastic disease. Mammalian granulocytes and monocytes are known to elaborate a pyrogenic protein following appropriate stimulation; it is suggested that in some types of neoplastic disease, particularly Hodgkin's disease, tumor cells may produce and release a pyrogenic protein and that drug-induced inhibition of its synthesis is responsible for the observed lysis of fever.
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PMID:Antipyretic effect of cycloheximide, and inhibitor of protein synthesis, in patients with Hodgkin's disease or other malignant neoplasms. 109 49

Encephalitis developing after prolonged antineoplastic therapy in two patients with Hodgkin's disease and in one with multiple myeloma was found at autopsy to be caused by toxoplasmosis. To better understand the pathogenesis of the brain lesions, ranging from microscopic foci to some having a diameter of 6 cm. and characterized by proliferation of the organisms at the margins of expanding necrosis, an animal model was studied. Similar lesions were produced in hamsters by inducing relapse of chronic latent toxoplasmosis through administration of cortisone, cyclophosphamide, or whole body irradiation, but toxic doses of nitrogen mustard and urethane did not precipitate relapse. Notably, relapsing toxoplasmosis generally involves the brain exclusively, suggesting a special susceptibility related to immune mechanisms. The roles of cells and of antibodies in immune surveillance against this chronic infection in otherwise normal hosts are considered. In man the suppression of cellular immunities by certain antineoplastic agents would seem to be decisive in causing relapse of toxoplasmosis, rather than the replacement of immunologically active cells by neoplasm. Because the infection can be controlled with sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine, a high index of suspicion is essential to detect incipient cerebral toxoplasmosis. serial serologic testing is helpful by demonstrating titer elevations; however, poor antibody production or transferred antibody may be misleading clinically when single tests are evaluated. Similarly, a poor inflammatory cell response can make it difficult for the histopathologist to detect small lesions in these patients.
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PMID:Immunosuppression and toxoplasmic encephalitis: clinical and experimental aspects. 111 86

A randomized study compared the response of patients with multiple myeloma to chlorambucil, melphalan, and azathioprine. All patients also received a combination of prednisone and fluoxymesterone. Seventy-three of 86 patients entered on the study could have evaluations. The results indicate that melphatan produced more responses than either azathioprine or chlorambucil, but responses to both of these agents were observed. No difference was noted between survival curves for patients with no poor-risk factors as compared to those having at least one poor-risk factor. The only poor-risk factor affecting survival in this group of patients was the blood urea nitrogen level.
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PMID:Treatment of myeloma. Comparison of melphalan, chlorambucil, and azathioprine. 111 64

Twenty-two cases of multiple myeloma were seen in the Department of Internal Medicine, Tikur Anbessa (Black Lion) Hospital, a teaching and referral hospital in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia, from January 1983 to December 1990. The age range was 38 to 76 (mean +/- SD = 51.5 +/- 12.2) years; a third were in the fifth decade. The male:female ratio was 1.75:1. The common clinical findings were bone pain in 20 (91%), bone tenderness in 15 (68%), anaemia in 14 (64%) and spinal cord compression in 8 (36%). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was raised in 21. Serum protein was raised in 17 (77%) and hyperglobulinaemia was seen in 20 (91%). Serum uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and calcium were elevated in 10, 8 and 5 patients respectively, Bence-Jones proteinuria and albuminuria were each found in 9 patients. All patients had radiological abnormalities; 9 had a combination of lytic lesions, osteoporosis and pathological fractures (41%). Ten patients presented in clinical stage III. Four patients are being followed after 3-84 (median 40.5) months; eight were lost to follow-up 1-8 (median 2.0) months after diagnosis. Ten patients have died after 1-55 (median 11) months. Multiple myeloma is not uncommon in Ethiopians. Except for a lower age at presentation, the clinical, haematological, biochemical, and radiological findings, and the response to therapy, are similar to those reported elsewhere.
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PMID:Multiple myeloma in Ethiopians: analysis of 22 cases. 139 16

Ten cases of multiple myeloma seen in PUMC hospital survived more than six years. 4 of them survived more than ten years. 6 patients were of IgA type. Features of those cases included: (1) symptoms mild; (2) incidence of anemia low; (3) percentage of tumor cell in bone marrow also relatively low; (4) blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and calcium normal; (5) maintenance therapy rather long. The prognostic factors and the current general situation of treatment were briefly discussed.
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PMID:[Report of 10 cases of multiple myeloma surviving more than 6 years]. 181 84

A commercially available plasma expander (Gelifundol) containing 5.5% oxypolygelatine in buffered saline was used instead of serum as a supplement for freezing several types of human cell and a mouse myeloma cell line in liquid nitrogen. Viability, recovery, proliferation and cytotoxic activity were compared after freezing with a plasma expander and after conventional freezing with human AB serum or fetal calf serum. The plasma expander proved to be equivalent or superior to AB serum by all parameters tested and acceptable even when compared with fetal calf serum. Furthermore, this preparation is cheap, sterile, free of BSE, viral and mycoplasmal contamination or antibodies and foreign serum proteins. We therefore recommend it for freezing of cells for culture of HLA typing.
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PMID:Freezing of cells--replacement of serum by oxypolygelatine. 186 17

The differential staining cytotoxicity (DiSC) assay was used to evaluate the in vitro sensitivity of tumour and normal bone-marrow cells from 21 multiple myeloma (MM) patients to antitumour agents methylprednisolone (PDN), nitrogen mustard (NM) and recombinant interferon alpha-2b (IFN alpha) tested singly and in the combinations PDN + IFN alpha and NM + IFN alpha. Both the PDN-IFN alpha and NM-IFN alpha associations were more efficacious than any agents used singly in reducing the percentage of myeloma cell survival. However, whereas NM, alone and in combination with IFN alpha, provoked a severe reduction in normal bone-marrow population, PDN and PDN + IFN alpha induced an increase percentage survival of normal bone-marrow cells. These findings indicate that, at least in vitro, the PDN-IFN alpha combination exerts a great antitumor effect which is not associated with a relevant cytotoxic activity on normal myeloid cells.
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PMID:In vitro synergistic activity of PDN-IFN alpha and NM + IFN alpha combinations on fresh bone-marrow samples from multiple myeloma patients. 186 44


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