Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reviewed the efficacy of three agents advocated as ancillary therapy in myeloma patients. Intramuscularly administered immune serum globulin (gamma globulin) was ineffective in preventing infection. Hemoglobin level was improved in some myeloma patients receiving androgens. However, the response rate and the degree of leukopenia or thrombocytopenia were not superior with androgen-melphalan-prenisone combination therapy, as compared with those resulting from the two-drug combination without androgen. A controlled study evaluating androgen plus melphalan has not been done. The long-term administration of fluoride, supplemented by calcium and androgen, induced radiologically apparent bone fluorosis, but strengthening of lytic bone was not observed. Neither objective nor subjective benefit was demonstrated in a controlled study comparing the effects of fluoride (without calcium supplement) with those of the placebo.
 ...
PMID:Ancillary measures in treatment of myeloma. Use of immune serum globulin, fluoride, or androgen. 4 43

The treatment of rapidly progressive skeletal demineralisation in myelomatosis has been studied with the help of metabolic calcium balance in two patients; In one, osteoporosis accelerated during treatment with melphalan and prednisolone, although he remained normocalcaemic throughout, suggesting that osteoporosis was aggravated by corticosteroid therapy. In the other patient, who was initially hypercalcaemic, conventional treatment produced clinical remission before eventual relapse with more hypercalcaemia and skeletal dissolution. Both patients were then treated with mithramycin alone, and, although neither obtained haematological remission, bone pain was relieved, hypercalciuria and hypercalcaemia were abolished, and calcium balances proved that mithramycin was effective in restoring calcium equilibrium. The results indicate that mithramycin may abolish excessive bone resorption in myelomatosis and that severe bone dissolution may occur in the absence of hypercalcaemia. Regular determination of 24-hour urinary calcium excretion as well as of plasma-calcium is important in monitoring process. Mithramycin should be considered in the early treatment not only of hypercalcaemia but also of severe hypercalciuria, if these complications do not rapidly remit during the first course of conventional myeloma therapy, with or without steroids. Finally, these results add to evidence that a humoral factor may be responsible for osteoclast stimulation in myelomatosis.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of osteolytic myelomatosis with mithramycin. 4 84

14 patients with osteolytic bone disease due to breast cancer or myeloma, 7 of whom had hypercalcaemia, received oral treatment with (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1, 1-bisphosphonate (A.P.D.). Serum-calcium dropped to low normal values in all 14 patients, accompanied by a decrease in urine calcium and hydroxyproline excretion-rate. The results show that A.P.D. may inhibit tumour-induced osteolysis.
 ...
PMID:Inhibition of osteolytic bone lesions by (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1, 1-bisphosphonate (A.P.D.). 8 43

A prolonged thrombin clotting time was found in 15 of 85 patients with multiple myeloma. Among those with abnormal clotting time in 9 cases (60.0%) the M protein was classified as IgG-lambda, in 1 (6.6%) as IgA-lambda, in 2 (13.3%) as IgG-kappa, and in 3 (20.3%) as IgA-kappa. There was no correlation between the prolongation of thrombin time and occurrence of bleeding. The reptilase clotting time was parallel to the thrombin time. The addition of calcium chloride partially corrected both clotting times. The isolated M proteins IgG-lambda and IgG-kappa from patients with prolonged thrombin time at the concentration of 25-50 mg/ml inhibited the polymerization of fibrin monomers but had no effect on the amidolytic and proteolytic action of thrombin.
 ...
PMID:[Disorders in the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin in patients with multiple myeloma]. 10

Attempts were made to find prognostic factors in myeloma. In 16 deceased patients, urinary light chains, skeletal lesions, and the quantity of the monoclonal protein fraction in the serum were correlated to prognosis, in contrast to the electrophoretic mobility of the monoclonal fraction, the hemoglobin, the serum creatinine value, the serum calcium, or the intestinal calcium absorption. Skeletal calcium uptake was only numerically higher in mild myeloma than in advanced myeloma. Since these findings partially agreed with the staging procedure previously proposed by Salmon, a modification of this procedure was used to stage 50 myeloma patients. Survival was statistically significantly shorter in stage III than in stage I. A differentiated treatement with melphalan-prednisone in stage I, cytoxan infusions in stage II, and vincristine-cytoxan-prednisone in stage III is proposed. A preliminary comparison of nine patients in stage II-III given intensive treatment with 23 given melphalan-prednisone suggests a numerically, but not as yet a statistically significant increase in survival in the intensively treated group, which seems to have an 80% 2-year survival.
 ...
PMID:Staging of myeloma. A preliminary study of staging factors and treatment in different stages. 10 48

We describe a patient with immunoglobulin G (IgG)-kappa myeloma and severe, long-standing, asymptomatic hypercalcemia. Serum nonprotein-bound calcium concentration was 5.2 mg/dl (normal 4.2 to 5.0 mg/dl) at a time when total serum calcium concentration was 17.8 mg/dl. The patient's myeloma protein, IgGCAB, and Fab fragments of IgGCAB migrated more anodally when agarose gel electrophoresis was performed in the absence of calcium ion than when electrophoresis was performed in the presence of calcium ion; 60 other myeloma proteins did not demonstrate such behavior. Purified IgGCAB bound 1.5 calcium ions with a single dissociation constant of 1.2 X 10(-4) M. We speculate that the rare syndrome of myeloma and high protein-bound calcium is due to binding of calcium to variable regions of the myeloma antibody molecules.
 ...
PMID:Calcium binding by a myeloma protein. 11 50

An ATPase was purified from mouse myeloma MOPC 70E the activity of which depends on the presence of single-stranded DNA and divalent cations such as Mg2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Ni2+ or Fe2+. The enzyme splits both ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates but preferentially ATP and dATP yielding nucleoside diphosphates and inorganic phosphate. The enzyme has an absolute requirement for single-stranded DNA. Alternating double-stranded polydeoxynucleotides are only slight effective, and native double-stranded DNA, single-stranded and double-stranded RNAs as well as DNA - RNA hybrids are ineffective in stimulating the ATPase. The enzyme has further characterized by sedimentation in a sucrose density gradient (s20, w = 5.5 S) and by isoelectric focussing in an ampholine pH gradient (pI = 6.5).
 ...
PMID:An ATPase depending on the presence of single-stranded DNA from mouse myeloma. 12 26

Twenty-nine patients with acute hypercalcemia secondary to carcinoma, myeloma and parathyroid adenoma have been treated with large doses of furosemide, mithramycin, or salmon calcitonin perfusion. With furosemide administration the treatment was successful in 6 of 10 patients. Furosemide was injected intravenously at the rate of 125 mg every 3 hours. With mithramycin perfusion only 2 of 8 patients have a return of the serum calcium levels to normal. With salmon thyrocalcitonin 3 of 10 patients obtained a good result. It can be interesting to suggest the association of furosemide and salmon calcitonin infusion to treat hypercalcemia of myeloma.
 ...
PMID:Furosemide, mithramycin, and salmon calcitonin in hypercalcemia. 13 Feb 39

In 36 patients with neoplastic diseases 72 episodes of hypercalcaemia with serum-calcium levels greater than or equal to 2.75 mmol/l were treated (19 breast carcinoma; 9 bronchial or lung carcinoma; 5 multiple myeloma; 1 each jejunal carcinoid, malignant lymphoma, phaeochromocytoma). Cardinal symptoms were mental, neuromuscular and renal during the hypercalcaemic episodes. Mithramycin is preferred to other methods (infusion of sodium chloride and frusemide, prednisone, sodium-potassium-phosphate infusion) of treating acute or subacute hypercalcaemia. Mithramycin in a single injection of 20-25 microgram/kg body-weight intravenously is usually sufficient to counteract a hypercalcaemic phase for at least 7-10 days, often much longer. There was a highly significant fall in serum-calcium levels from two days onwards after mithramycin injection. Toxic side-effects were minimal and restricted to transitory increase in transaminase levels, initially 5-6 times normal with a maximum on the third day and normalisation on the fifth day after mithramycin administration.
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of hypercalcaemic syndrome in tumour patients, especially with mithramycin]. 14 99

The role of dialysis in the treatment of patients with severe hypercalcemia is uncertain. The fourteen previously reported cases of hypercalcemia treated with either peritoneal or hemodialysis have been reviewed. Two additional patients treated with hemodialysis are described in this report. Because the use of large volumes of intravenous fluids was contraindicated, each of the patients received a low calcium bath (0-1 mEq calcium per liter) hemodialysis for three and a half hours. After dialysis, the serum calcium fell to normal in both and remained normal thereafter with treatment of the underlying disease (multiple myeloma in one and vitamin D intoxication in the other). Hemodialysis can clear up to 682 mg of calcium per hour as compared to 124 mg per hour for peritoneal dialysis and 82 mg per hour with forced saline diuresis. Low calcium bath hemodialysis is indicated when the presence of renal and/or cardiac failure prevents the administration of large volumes of intravenous fluids to hypercalcemic patients.
 ...
PMID:Role of dialysis in the treatment of severe hypercalcemia: report of two cases successfully treated with hemodialysis and review of the literature. 16 Aug 52


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>