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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The optimum composition of several serum-free media has been established for a long-term cultivation of hybridomas, lymphoid and erythroleukemic cells. The medium DME/F12 appeared to be the medium of choice. It is necessary to supplement the basic medium with lipid and iron transport proteins (bovine serum albumin, transferrin) and peptide hormone (insulin) for obtaining stable results. However, there are differences in successful growth of examined cell lines under serum-free conditions: some of them acquire saturation density comparable with that of the control medium (hybridomas derived from myeloma Sp2/0-Ag14, cell lines K-562, Raji) but other lines do not (hybridoma derived from myeloma NS0/1, cell lines Namalwa, RPMI 1788, Molt-4). Thus, these serum-free media are not universal, therefore each new hybridoma and cell line should be tested to determine the suitability for them of some proposed media. The high effectiveness of cultivation under serum-free conditions can be presumably achieved by optimization of both qualitative and quantitative composition of the serum replacement and of the basic medium.
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PMID:[The cultivation of mouse and human lymphoid cells on serum-free media]. 129 79

In this study, we investigated a possible association between the degree of macrophage activation - as measured by serum neopterin concentrations - and disturbances of iron metabolism, determined by the concentrations of ferritin and serum iron, in patients with malignant disorders. Additionally we evaluated correlations between these factors and the degree and type of anaemia. Seventy-three patients, who suffered from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (n = 43), Hodgkin's disease (n = 11), myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (n = 9), myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 1), and solid tumours (n = 9), were examined. Mean neopterin levels were raised in all groups, patients with NHL showing the highest concentrations. Ferritin but not neopterin concentrations were higher in males than in females. A significant correlation was found between neopterin and ferritin concentrations (p less than 0.01). Considering only female patients the strength of the correlation was the same (p less than 0.02). In addition, we found inverse correlations of neopterin with haemoglobin and iron concentrations (all p less than 0.01). Similar relationships existed in patients during follow-up. Our results support the hypothesis of an association between the degree of activation of macrophages and the development of anaemia by a shift or iron towards the storage sites.
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PMID:Association between the activation of macrophages, changes of iron metabolism and the degree of anaemia in patients with malignant disorders. 164 56

IgA1(kappa)-transferrin complex was ascertained in a case of multiple myeloma with hypersiderinemia. On gel filtration, this complex disclosed an orange-colored protein with two peaks between the 19S and 7S fractions. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting analysis, the complex migrated at molecular weights of 430 and 700 kD in the non-reducing condition. A small amount of free transferrin was detected simultaneously. The complex was further separated into monoclonal IgA1(kappa) and transferrin at pH 4.5; these recombined at pH 7.2 after incubation (37 degrees C, 2 h). We also showed that the pepsin-digested F(ab')2 fragment of IgA1(kappa) combined with the transferrin. From these results it can be suggested that monoclonal IgA1(kappa) has an antibody activity for the transferrin. Clinically, this complex distributed the iron transport to erythroid cells in the bone marrow, resulting in hypersiderinemia, anemia, and iron deposits in the liver.
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PMID:Ascertainment of IgA1 (kappa)-transferrin complex in a case of multiple myeloma associated with hypersiderinemia. 179 8

A case is presented of a patient affected of chronic renal failure caused by multiple myeloma who was under a chelating treatment with Depreroxamine as a consequence of iron intoxication and suffered a disseminated mucormycosis. We performed a literature search of previous cases and discuss the probable relation between this opportunistic infection and depheroxamine treatment.
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PMID:[Disseminated mucormycosis in a hemodialyzed female patient treated with deferoxamine]. 204 7

Anemia of malignancy is a complication of neoplastic disease which causes impairing symptoms and often requires blood transfusions. In this clinical trial, we have treated 13 patients suffering from chronic anemia of malignancy and multiple myeloma with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) three times a week. Eleven patients responded to the treatment by appropriate increases of their hemoglobin levels and the eventual correction of the anemic state, one non-responding patient had to terminate the treatment early because of transfusion requirements. Under rHuEPO therapy, the evaluated parameters of iron metabolism indicated the enhanced synthesis of hemoglobin. The symptoms of anemia subsided in the responding patients and most of them reported a hightened subjective sense of well-being. No adverse side effects, particularly no episodes of hypertension, were observed in any patient.
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PMID:[Erythropoietin treatment of tumor-associated anemia in patients with multiple myeloma]. 218 25

Anemia is a common complication of multiple myeloma. It resolves early in the disease if chemotherapy induces a complete remission, but persists if the disease progresses, causing disabling symptoms and often requiring blood transfusions. We treated 13 patients with myeloma-associated anemia by administering recombinant human erythropoietin three times a week for six months. Eleven patients (85 percent) had steady increases in hemoglobin levels and eventual correction of the anemia. Their symptoms of anemia subsided, and they reported a heightened sense of well-being. No patient had any adverse side effects, particularly episodes of hypertension. Monitoring of the serum M component showed a predominantly stable tumor load without apparent interaction between the underlying disease and the response to erythropoietin therapy. The number of erythroid burst-forming units in the bone marrow and peripheral blood and the level of erythropoiesis in bone marrow smears increased significantly during therapy. Pretreatment serum levels of erythropoietin were higher in the patients who did not respond and in those who required more than two months of treatment before they responded. Serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin concentrations reflected responses to treatment. We conclude that recombinant human erythropoietin is a promising therapeutic tool for treating myeloma-associated anemia.
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PMID:Erythropoietin treatment of anemia associated with multiple myeloma. 198 68

The selective cytotoxicity of the xanthine oxidase conjugated to an 8A monoclonal antibody recognizing a human plasma cell-associated antigen has been described. The selectivity and the toxicity of the hypoxanthine/conjugated xanthine oxidase system was increased by removing the excess of conjugate and by adding chelated iron. Under these experimental conditions the cytotoxicity of the conjugate exceeded that of free xanthine oxidase by one order of magnitude. The conjugate effectively purged bone marrow from infiltrating neoplastic plasma cells and added target Raji cells, provided blood was removed and bone marrow peroxidases were exhausted. In conditions of purging effectiveness the conjugate had no toxicity to CFU-GM. No toxicity to mice was observed after i.v. injection of xanthine oxidase-antibody conjugate up to 2.9 U/kg body weight. Thus the hypoxanthine/conjugated xanthine oxidase system could be an effective and nontoxic tool for the ex vivo bone marrow purging in multiple myeloma patients for autologous transplantation.
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PMID:Bone marrow purging by a xanthine oxidase-antibody conjugate. 239 Jun 31

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), for human use require chemical and biological purity. The best approach seems in vitro cultivation in a serum-, protein-free medium. A basal defined culture medium has been developed to sustain optimal hybridoma cell growth and MAb secretion. It consists of Iscove's Dulbecco's modified, Eagle's, Ham's F12 and NCTC 135 media in a 5:5:1 mixture (v/v/v), to which glucose is added to reach a final concentration of 25 mM, glutamine to 4-6 mM, 2-mercaptoethanol to 50 microM, Pluronic F68 to 0.01-0.1% (w/v), Hepes to 25 mM and NaHCO3 to 3 g/l. Hybridoma cells, derived from Sp 2/0 myeloma and secreting a MAb to a human milk fat globule membrane-associated high molecular weight glycoprotein, were cloned in this medium containing 1% (v/v) fetal calf serum and then sequentially adapted in serum-free medium further supplemented with transferrin and insulin, both at 10 micrograms/ml. Clones producing immunoreactive MAbs secrete a mean of 50 micrograms IgG/ml, i.e., ca. 80% of the concentration reached in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% serum. When cells were cultured in spinner flasks with a semi-continuous mode of cultivation (with a daily removal of 20% of the volume and its replacement by fresh culture medium), in serum-free medium further supplemented with 10 nM estradiol, a mixture of trace elements and albumin (at 30 micrograms/ml) complexed to linoleic acid, MAb secretion reached 100 micrograms/ml and became equal or higher to that obtained in serum-containing medium. MAb secretion was not decreased and was even significantly increased during the growth phase, when transferrin was replaced by another iron source, i.e., ferric citrate at 500 microM associated with 20 microM ascorbic acid. Finally, deletion of insulin and of albumin-linoleic acid did not affect significantly cell density nor MAb secretion. In conclusion, it appears from this study that semi-continuous cultivation in spinner flasks of hybridoma cells, after cloning and progressive adaptation, in a chemically defined, serum- and protein-free medium, permitted MAb secretion to be increased to a mean of 144 micrograms/ml, i.e., multiplied by a factor of ca. 1.5 compared to culture of these cells in serum-containing medium under the same conditions and by a factor of ca. 2.4 compared to cultivation in serum-containing medium in flasks.
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PMID:Optimisation of hybridoma cell growth and monoclonal antibody secretion in a chemically defined, serum- and protein-free culture medium. 264 56

Cardiac involvement in haemochromatosis includes development of congestive heart failure and/or cardiac arrhythmias. To elucidate the importance of this disorder among patients with severe cardiac bradyarrhythmias necessitating treatment with a permanent pacemaker, such patients were screened for evidence of iron overload. Serum ferritin was determined in 232 men treated with a permanent pacemaker. In six patients (2.6%) the serum ferritin values were twice the upper normal limit. In three of these, causes other than iron overload were found (liver cancer, myeloma and amiodarone treatment), while in three (1.3%) iron overload was suspected. All the latter three had atrioventricular block of second to third degree. In these patients percutaneous liver biopsy was performed. The specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy and the iron content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results of these investigations showed iron overload in the liver. The prevalence of iron overload (2.0%) among this male pacemaker-treated population with AV block II-III is significantly higher than the rates previously found in urban populations in Sweden. The present data indicate that screening for haemochromatosis is of importance among males with second and third degree atrioventricular-block of unknown etiology.
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PMID:Prevalence of a haemochromatosis among men with clinically significant bradyarrhythmias. 139 45

The heterogeneity of human transferrin results from (i) differences in iron content, (ii) genetic polymorphism and (iii) differences in the carbohydrate moiety. This article primarily deals with the last phenomenon, the microheterogeneity of human transferrin. Owing to the comparatively simple carbohydrate structure of human transferrin and the high resolving power of isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients, microheterogeneous forms of transferrin can be separated. Differences between samples can be quantitated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Examples of the differences between the microheterogeneity patterns of transferrin in several biological fluids and the changes that can be observed in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, idiopathic hemochromatosis and Kahler's disease are presented. Special attention has been focused on changes occurring during pregnancy.
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PMID:Microheterogeneity of human serum transferrin: a biological phenomenon studied by isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients. 324 56


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