Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Myeloma immunoglobulin paraproteins interfere with a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) for serum thyroxine. The EMIT assay failed to detect any hormone in three hyperproteinemic sera from multiple myeloma patients, although thyroxine in these sera was accurately measured by our competitive protein-binding radio-assay on small, re-usable Sephadex columns. The interference was due to turbidity of the paraproteins in the EMIT reaction mixture, resulting in an increased absorbance and a marked underestimation of hormone concentration. Thyroxine was detected (82 to 107% recovery) by the EMIT assay in ethanol extracts of myeloma sera. With 82 other sera there was an excellent correlation (r = 0.985, slope = 0.912, Y intercept (EMIT) = 6.8) of the EMIT assay with our competitive radioassay. Thus, although the EMIT thyroxine assay possesses many desirable features and it is an attractive alternative method to competitive radioassays, its susceptibility to interferences by immunoglobulin paraproteins is a troublesome liability.
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PMID:Myeloma immunoglobulin interferes with serum thyroxine analysis by homogeneous enzyme immunoassay. 698 18

Careful examination as well as biochemical and hormonal investigations should be performed in men suffering from vertebral crush fractures, in order to detect a destructive skeletal process (multiple myeloma, bone metastatic lesions, lympho and myeloproliferative disorders), a mineralization defect (osteomalacia) or a secondary osteoporosis: primary hyperparathyroidism, hypogonadism, hyperthyroidism, renal hypercalciuria, alcoholism and tobacco smoking. The diagnosis of idiopathic osteoporosis should be made only after these causes have been excluded; the pathogenesis of the disease is unclear but risk factors have been identified: family history of osteoporosis, low dietary calcium intake, delayed puberty, ethanol use, tobacco smoking, inactive lifestyle and lean body build. Correction of risk factors, calcium supplementation, regular program of weight bearing physical activity, in some instances correction of testosterone deficiency may be of benefit to reduce bone loss. Severe osteopenia or osteoporosis may require sodium fluoride therapy.
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PMID:[Male osteoporosis]. 793 30

A hybridoma TB 21 clone was derived from fusion between Sp 2/0-Ag 14 myeloma cells and spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) purified from human platelets. The TB 21 clone was identified to produce monoclonal antibody with IgG1 subclass and had sufficient titer for immunoreactivity to both human platelets-derived TGF-beta 1 and recombinant human TGF-beta 1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blotting studies demonstrated that two immunoreactive bands corresponding to 25 Kda and 12.5 Kda molecules were observed in the sample of acid/ethanol extracts from human platelets. The affinity constant (Kaff) was determined as 1.47 x 10(8) M-1 with non-competitive ELISA. Moreover, using bioassay for the effects of TGF-beta 1 on the growth of mink lung epithelial cells (CCL/64 cell line) and fibroblast cells (NRK 49 F cell line), TB 21 IgG was shown to be able to neutralize the action of TGF-beta 1 on the growth of these target cells. Therefore, this monoclonal antibody may be a useful probe for studying the growth modulatory activity of TGF-beta 1 in a variety of cells and tissues.
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PMID:[Biological characterization of a monoclonal antibody TB 21 against human transforming growth factor-beta 1]. 823 23

The direct gastric mucosal cellular effect of four PL-10 substances (a synthesized part of human body protection compound, BPC containing 14 or 15 amino acids) was studied on freshly isolated rat gastric mucosal cells and on a mouse myeloma cell line (Sp2/0-Ag14) in an ethanol-induced cell injury model. The examined substances were not toxic for the cells. Two of them proved to be significantly protective against the direct cellular damaging effect of ethanol (PL 10.1.15AK-3 in 5 microg/ml dose and PL 10.1.AK14-2 dose-dependently, ED50=50 ng/ml) on gastric mucosal cells. This cytoprotective effect was failured on mouse myeloma cells. Based on these results a part of the in vivo protection induced by BPC seems to be a direct cellular protective effect to gastric mucosal cells.
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PMID:Evidence for direct cellular protective effect of PL-10 substances (synthesized parts of body protection compound, BPC) and their specificity to gastric mucosal cells. 935 74

The neuropathology of the effects of ethanol on the developing central nervous system are similar to those of patients with mutations in L1, a neural cell adhesion molecule. This observation suggests that inhibition of L1 plays a role in the pathogenesis of alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we examine the effects of ethanol on L1 homophilic binding and on L1-mediated neurite outgrowth. Ethanol had no effect on cell adhesion or aggregation in a myeloma cell line expressing full-length human L1. In contrast, the rate of L1-mediated neurite outgrowth of rat postnatal day 6 cerebellar granule cells grown on a substratum of NgCAM, the chick homologue of L1, was inhibited by 48.6% in the presence of ethanol with a half-maximal concentration of 4.7 mM. The same effect was found with soluble L1-Fc, thus showing that the inhibitory effect is not dependent on cell adhesion. In contrast, neither laminin nor N-cadherin-mediated neurite outgrowth was inhibited by physiologic concentrations of ethanol. We conclude that one mechanism of ethanol's toxicity to the developing central nervous system may be the inhibition of L1-mediated neurite outgrowth.
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PMID:Ethanol inhibits L1-mediated neurite outgrowth in postnatal rat cerebellar granule cells. 1022 86

Chymase is an important marker for human mast cells as well as a mediator of inflammation and matrix remodelling, but research into chymase-containing mast cell subpopulations has been hampered by the lack of reagents suitable for use with formalin-fixed tissue. A monoclonal antibody to chymase (designated CC1) was prepared by immunizing a mouse with chymase purified from human skin, fusing the splenocytes with NS-1 myeloma cells, and screening the hybridoma supernatants by ELISA with recombinant human prochymase isolated from a baculovirus expression system. This antibody bound to chymase in western blots and bound selectively to cells with the morphology and distribution of mast cells in paraffin wax sections of skin, synovium, lung, and heart. In sequential sections and with double-labelling experiments, chymase was localized to cells which contained mast cell tryptase; in contrast to previous reports, no evidence was found for its presence in endothelial cells or any other cell type. The antibody permitted chymase-containing mast cells to be detected in formalin-fixed tissues, and the numbers identified were similar to those in tissues fixed with Carnoy's or ethanol fixatives. Immunocytochemistry with antibody CC1 provides for the first time a sensitive and specific means for the detection of chymase in routinely fixed tissues and should prove valuable in studying mast cell subsets in disease.
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PMID:The detection of mast cell subpopulations in formalin-fixed human tissues using a new monoclonal antibody specific for chymase. 1045

Changing trends in lifestyle exposures are suggested to be contributing factors to the increasing incidence rates for lymphoma. We investigated the relationship between smoking and alcohol consumption and the risk of lymphoma among adult participants of a population-based case-control study recently conducted in Germany. In 710 case-control pairs, an increased risk of lymphoma was associated with a long duration of smoking (p for trend = 0.01 for men) and smoking of > 20 cigarettes per day(OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.4-5.2 for women). Elevated odds ratios were seen for most lymphoma subentities, albeit mostly without reaching statistical significance. A strong association was evident between smoking and multiple myeloma (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 0.98-5.74 for men; OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.1-7.4 for women) and Hodgkin's lymphoma among men (OR = 3.6; 95% CI = 1.7-7.5). Alcohol consumption 10 years prior to the date of interview appeared to decrease the risk of lymphoma. Odds ratios for men who reported alcohol consumption were 53% lower (95% CI = 0.31-0.71) compared to men who drank very little or no alcohol. The same tendency was evident for women, although the association was less pronounced. The inverse relationship was also seen for low amounts of alcohol and did not appear to be restricted to specific types of beverages. Although biologic rationale for a protective effect of alcohol consumption may be given, a more in-depth analysis involving genetic markers is indicated to clarify if ethanol, other components in alcoholic beverages, or factors associated with moderate drinking reduce lymphoma risk among adults. In conclusion, this investigation suggests a positive association between tobacco smoking and lymphoma risk and finds decreased odds ratios among consumers of alcohol.
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PMID:Tobacco and alcohol consumption and risk of lymphoma: results of a population-based case-control study in Germany. 1608 Jan 91

Heavy drinking and associated consequences are widespread among U.S. college students. Recently, Read et al. (Read, J. P., Kahler, C. W., Strong, D., & Colder, C. R. (2006). Development and preliminary validation of the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 67, 169-178) developed the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (YAACQ) to assess the broad range of consequences that may result from heavy drinking in the college milieu. In the present study, we sought to add to the psychometric validation of this measure by employing a prospective design to examine the test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and predictive validity of the YAACQ. We also sought to examine the utility of the YAACQ administered early in the semester in the prediction of functional outcomes later in the semester, including the persistence of heavy drinking, and academic functioning. Ninety-two college students (48 females) completed a self-report assessment battery during the first weeks of the Fall semester, and approximately one week later. Additionally, 64 subjects (37 females) participated at an optional third time point at the end of the semester. Overall, the YAACQ demonstrated strong internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent and predictive validity. YAACQ scores also were predictive of both drinking frequency, and "binge" drinking frequency. YAACQ total scores at baseline were an early indicator of academic performance later in the semester, with greater number of total consequences experienced being negatively associated with end-of-semester grade point average. Specific YAACQ subscale scores (Impaired Control, Dependence Symptoms, Blackout Drinking) showed unique prediction of persistent drinking and academic outcomes.
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PMID:Predicting functional outcomes among college drinkers: reliability and predictive validity of the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. 1770 88

Apiaceae are a family of medicinal plants widely used in traditional medicine. The apoptotic activities of seven ethanol extracts from fruits of seven species of Apiaceae, Eryngium planum, Archangelica officinalis, Pastinaca sativa, Heracleum sibiricum, Carum carvi, Foeniculum vulgare, Levisticum officinale against ML-1--human acute myeloblastic leukaemia, J-45.01--human acute T cell leukaemia, EOL--human eosinophilic leukaemia, HL-60--human Caucasian promyelocytic leukaemia, 1301--human T cell leukaemia lymphoblast, C-8166--human T cell leukaemia, U-266B1--human myeloma, WICL--human Caucasian normal B cell, and H-9--human T cell, were investigated.
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PMID:Apoptotic activities of ethanol extracts from some Apiaceae on human leukaemia cell lines. 1867 39

Few studies have evaluated the association between alcohol intake and the risk of the lymphoid neoplasms malignant lymphoma (ML) and plasma cell myeloma (PCM) among Asian populations. We conducted a large-scale population-based cohort study of 95,520 Japanese subjects (45,453 men and 50,067 women; age 40-69 years at baseline) with an average 13 years of follow-up, during which a total of 257 cases of ML and 89 of PCM were identified. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using a Cox regression model adjusted for potential confounders. Alcohol intake of > or = 300 g/week was associated with a significantly lower risk of lymphoid neoplasms (hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.37-0.98) than occasional drinking at a frequency of <1 day/month, and the trend for alcohol consumption was significant (P = 0.028). A similar trend was observed for the subcategories of ML, PCM, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), albeit that the results were significant only for alcohol consumption at > or = 300 g/week in NHL patients, probably due to the small number of subjects in each category. In conclusion, we found that alcohol had an inverse association with the risk of lymphoid neoplasms, particularly the risk of NHL, among a Japanese population.
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PMID:Association of alcohol intake with the risk of malignant lymphoma and plasma cell myeloma in Japanese: a population-based cohort study (Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study). 2008 15


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