Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical data and the CSF and serum findings on isoelectric focusing (IEF) and electrophoresis were studied in nine patients with neurological disorders combined with proliferations of reticulocytes, lymphocytes or plasmocytes. Paraneoplastic neurological manifestations were considered in some of the subjects. CSF findings compatible with intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal immunoglobulins were observed in two patients with lymphoreticular neoplasms. One of these had an IEF band spectrum differing from those found with multiple sclerosis (MS), while the other had changes indistingusihable from those with MS. On IEF the CSF and serum M components of the patients with plasma cell dyscrasias, as well as the serum M components of nine other patients with myelomatosis, exhibited considerable microheterogeneity with 3-18 abnormal bands. The isoelectric point (pI) of the individual bands was 5.8-9.2, mostly greater than 6.4; the band spectra exhibited pI ranges of 0.4-2.5 pH units, most frequently 0.4-1.2. The CSF findings, possible modified by the blood-CSF barrier, reflected the serum changes of plasma cell dyscrasias. The immunoglobulins produced in such disorders gave IEF band spectra differing from those of intrathecally produced immunoglobulins in MS.
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PMID:Isoelectric focusing of CSF and serum proteins in neurological disorders combined with benign and malignant proliferations of reticulocytes, lymphocytes and plasmocytes. 7 8

Multiple myeloma commonly produces neurologic symptoms when it involves the cranium or vertebrae, but rarely invades the CNS or meninges. Intracranial or intraspinal myeloma without lesions in the adjacent bone is extremely rare. To our knowledge, there are only ten reported cases of isolated myeloma in dura and/or brain, and only two limited to the leptomeninges. We wish to report the third case of isolated leptomeningeal myeloma. Both myeloma cells and abnormal globulins were present in the CSF, but absent from serum and bone marrow. Analysis of these 13 cases in dura, brain, or leptomeninges strongly supports the concept that abnormal proteins do not reach the CSF from the serum but are produced by myeloma cells in situ.
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PMID:Leptomeningeal myeloma. 58 27

This investigation is retrospective and comprises 20 patients with bone-marrow insufficiency. During the period 1.4.1988-1.3.1991, these patients were treated with erythropoietin (Epo), the granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or the granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Thirteen patients had primary bone-marrow insufficiency: six had the myelodysplastic syndrome, three had primary myelofibrosis, two aplastic anemia and two myelomatosis. On account of dominating symptoms of anemia, five patients received Epo while eight received GM-CSF as part of an extensive clinical trial of this preparation. Seven patients with relapse of the haematological malignant disease had bone-marrow insufficiency and pancytopenia secondary to intensive chemotherapy/irradiation: four of these patients received GM-CSF and two received G-CSF with the object of increasing bone-marrow regeneration and to render further chemotherapy possible. One patient received GM-CSF with the object of improving bone-marrow function after autologous bone-marrow transplantation. Treatment with Epo for ten months combined with treatment with interferon for six months resulted in normalization of the haemoglobin concentration in one patient with bone-marrow insufficiency on account of primary myelofibrosis. Treatment with Epo for briefer periods in lower doses was without effect in four other patients with primary bone-marrow insufficiency. Treatment with GM-CSF and G-CSF resulted in neutrophil leukocytosis in 12 out of 15 patients (80%) and, in six out of 14 patients (43%), increased marrow cellularity was demonstrated by means of histological examination of the bone-marrow. One patient showed normal haemoglobin levels during treatment with GM-CSF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Hematopoietic growth factors in primary and therapy-related bone marrow insufficiency]. 137 68

Detection of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), one of the substances responsible for proliferation and differentiation of granulocytes, has been performed up to the present by use of the granulocyte colony-formation assay, because of the lack of a specific anti-G-CSF antibody. This has prevented the advancement of biological investigations of cell dynamics linked to G-CSF, e.g., cell localization of G-CSF and its pathophysiological changes. In the present work, two monoclonal antibodies (MAb), 1E7 and 4A6, against recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) were developed by cell hybridization between NS-1 myeloma cells and splenocytes from a mouse immunized with rhG-CSF. 1E7 and 4A6 were shown to be reactive with hG-CSF but not with other CSF (hGM-CSF, hIL-3, and mouse GM-CSF) by Western blot analysis. An immunoperoxidase staining method using these MAb was then established. This method was applicable to frozen sections, paraffin-embedded sections, and cells fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. Positive staining for G-CSF was observed in tumor cells secreting G-CSF and also in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with hG-CSF cDNA. However, no staining was seen in tumor cells secreting no G-CSF, untransfected CHO cells, lung fibroblasts, or bone marrow stromal cells after short periods of culture. These results confirmed the immunospecificity of MAb 1E7 and 4A6 and the validity of their application to immunohistochemistry using paraffin-embedded sections.
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PMID:Establishment of specific monoclonal antibodies against recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (hG-CSF) and their application for immunoperoxidase staining of paraffin-embedded sections. 168 1

The number of circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells was determined during 47 courses of chemotherapy in 23 patients with hematopoietic malignancies. rhG-CSF was given subcutaneously to 14 patients to rescue chemotherapy-induced neutropenia following 22 courses of chemotherapy. The mean numbers of CFU-GM in patients with malignant lymphoma (ML), acute leukemia (AL) and myeloma (MM) were 56.0 +/- 58.8 (mean +/- SD), 46.7 +/- 66.0 and 11.0 +/- 11.1 CFU-GM/ml, respectively. The number of CFU-GM in MM was significantly less than in normal subjects (51.2 +/- 30.6 CFU-GM/ml). The number of CFU-GM in PB in all patients began to rise between 2 days before and 8 days after nadir of WBC count, and then reached the peak at the subsequent 5 days. The peak values of CFU-GM in ML, AL and MM were 711.3 +/- 974.7, 660.0 +/- 374.7 and 403.6 +/- 232.5 CFU-GM/ml, respectively, but there was no statistical difference among them. When ML patients were treated with rhG-CSF, the CFU-GM peak values increased as much as 5.5-folds compared with those following chemotherapy only. However, neither the period from nadir to start of increase in the CFU-GM count nor the time of the CFU-GM peak showed any significant change. These results indicate that the administration of rhG-CSF makes it possible to increase the number of circulating progenitor cells. It appears possible in most of the patients with hematopoietic malignancies to harvest the sufficient number of progenitor cells which are necessary for autologous blood stem cell transplantation.
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PMID:[Kinetics of circulating hematopoietic stem cells following chemotherapy in patients with hematopoietic malignancies]. 169 29

Three hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (McAb) against recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) have been established by fusing mouse myeloma SP 2/0 cells with spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse immunized with rhG-CSF. Ascites was produced from BALB/c mice by injecting substrain 2D4-B4 hybridoma cells intraperitoneally. The antibody was purified either by the caprylic acid-ammonium sulfate method or by euglobulin precipitation. The caprylic acid-ammonium sulfate method was superior to euglobulin precipitation in terms of purification and recovery of IgG. The 2D4-B4 McAb was determined to belong to the IgG3 subclass with a molecular weight of about 172,400 It was proved by Western Blot to react specifically with rhG-CSF. The stability and affinity of the McAb were analyzed as well. The potential clinical and experimental applications of this McAb are discussed.
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PMID:[Studies on monoclonal antibody against recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor]. 171 45

Recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) primed the ability of human neutrophils to generate increased levels of reactive oxidants in response to fMet-Leu-Phe, and also resulted in an increased rate of protein biosynthesis which was similar to that induced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. However, rG-CSF reduced the chemotactic activity of neutrophils in response to endotoxin and did not result in an enhanced rate of killing of Staphylococcus aureus. rG-CSF was administered to patients after high dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of either Hodgkin's disease or multiple myeloma. This cytokine decreased the period of neutropenia following such treatment. Neutrophil function in two patients, measured seven days after the final administration of rG-CSF, was severely impaired as indicated by a greatly decreased ability to generate reactive oxidants. However, seven days later (i.e. 14 days post-therapy), the functional activity of the neutrophils from these patients had returned to normal. These data indicate that assays of neutrophil function together with morphological assessment of neutrophil numbers and maturity should be performed in order to evaluate the immune status of patients undergoing such therapy.
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PMID:Effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on neutrophil function in vitro and in vivo following chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. 172 83

Three hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies (McAb) against recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) have been established by fusing mouse myeloma cell line SP2/0 cells with spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse immunized with rhG-CSF. Ascites was obtained from BALB/c mice by injecting the hybridoma cells intraperitoneally. Three McAbs were purified by the caprylic acid-ammonium sulfate method. For each, the IgG subclass, valence and activity, molecular weight, specificity and affinity were determined. The applications of McAbs against rhG-CSF in the clinic and laboratory are discussed.
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PMID:Studies on monoclonal antibody against recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. 172 68

Recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) was administered to a patient with multiple myeloma (IgA, stage IIA) who had a chemotherapy-induced bone marrow aplasia with granulocytopenia complicated by severe pneumonia and septicemia. The rhGM-CSF was given as i.v. infusions, 300-400 micrograms daily, for three weeks. The patient responded both hematologically and clinically with improved granulocyte counts and clearance of massive pulmonary infiltrates. We also observed a partial remission of the myeloma with decreasing s-IgA levels and reduced plasma cell infiltration of the bone marrow during a period of up to four months after the rhGM-CSF treatment. Immunological studies performed during and after cytokine administration showed an increase in serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels and HLA-DR positive T-lymphocytes indicating an activation of the immune system. It is suggested that rhGM-CSF induced immunological changes which may have contributed to the partial regression of the myeloma.
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PMID:Increase of serum interleukin-2 and regression of myeloma after rhGM-CSF treatment of drug induced bone marrow aplasia. 193 5

We tested the effects of different cytokines on IgA- and IgG-induced eosinophil degranulation in vitro to determine the potential interaction between eosinophils and mononuclear cells. Purified normodense eosinophils were incubated with cytokines (including rIL-1, rIL-2, rIL-3, rIL-4, rIL-5, rIL-6, IFN-gamma, granulocyte-macrophage CSF stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and TNF) for 1 to 3 h after which Ig-coupled Sepharose 4B beads were added as targets and the mixtures were incubated with the eosinophils at 37 degrees C for 4 h. The Ig used were secretory IgA (sIgA), serum IgA and IgG, and myeloma IgA and IgG. The release of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) was measured by RIA as an index of degranulation. rIL-5 was the most potent enhancer of Ig-induced degranulation and increased EDN release by 48% for sIgA and 136% for IgG. The effect of rIL-5 appeared as quickly as 15 min after incubation of eosinophils, sIgA beads and IL-5. GM-CSF and rIL-3 also enhanced Ig-induced EDN release but less potently than rIL-5. GM-CSF and rIL-5 by themselves induced a small but significant release of EDN from eosinophils in the absence of Ig-coated beads; rIL-3 did not. However, IFN-gamma suppressed sIgA-induced EDN release by 23%. The other cytokines did not have any effect on eosinophil degranulation. These results suggest that cytokines which induce eosinophil differentiation and proliferation during hematopoiesis also enhance the effector function of mature eosinophils and that IFN-gamma partially down-regulates eosinophil degranulation.
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PMID:Regulatory effect of cytokines on eosinophil degranulation. 210 1


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