Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

14 patients developed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and 1 patient developed Burkitt's leukemia following longterm chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for other disorders. The main primary disorders included multiple myeloma, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and breast carcinoma. Acute leukemia developed earlier in patients treated by chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy than in patients treated by radiotherapy alone (63 months, range 24-132 months; 201 months, range 48 months to 30 years, respectively). 13 patients presented without organomegaly and 8 were pancytopenic. Abnormalities of myeloid and erythroid cell lines were observed in the majority of the patients. A high rate of acute erythroleukemia (5 out of 14) was found. Increased reticulin fibers were found in 3 patients. The leukemia was invariably refractory to treatment with a median survival of 4 months. The possible role of preexisting abnormal marrow structure in the development of therapy-related leukemia is discussed.
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PMID:Acute leukemia following chemotherapy and radiation therapy--a report of 15 cases. 658 10

Hybridoma cell lines secreting antibodies to chicken fetal antigens (CFAs) were generated by the fusion of mouse P3X63Ag8 myeloma cells with spleen cells from a mouse immunized with intact SC chicken strain one-day-hatched red blood cells. Immunodepletion studies show monoclonal anti-CFA to be detecting a subset of the Mr 50,000 CFA molecules recognized by polyclonal anti-CFA. Monoclonal anti-CFA is erythroid specific against in vivo-derived hematopoietic-lymphoid cells. Exceptions to the erythroid specificity of monoclonal anti-CFA include failure to react with avian erythroblastosis virus-transformed erythroid cells both before and after butyric acid-induced differentiation and reactions with reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed immature lymphoid cells and chicken embryo cells. Immunofluorescence and 125I binding analyses utilizing monoclonal anti-CFA show reticuloendotheliosis virus cells to possess high levels of CFA even though the CFA determinant does not appear to be a 125I-labeled immunoprecipitable Mr 50,000 molecule. The unique property of monoclonal anti-CFA that permits it to distinguish among surface membrane antigens of normal and neoplastic cells of the same lineage makes it an important tool for future investigations of normal and abnormal cell differentiation.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody to chicken fetal antigens on normal erythroid cells and hematopoietic-lymphoid tumor cell lines. 675 24

Hybridoma clones were isolated after the fusion of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from a rat immunized with mouse bone marrow. One of them produced a monoclonal antibody reacting with a murine cell surface differentiation antigen that we have termed MBM-1 (Mouse Bone Marrow-1). This antigen is present on eosinophils, on neutrophils, and on subpopulations of lymphocytes and macrophages, but appears to be absent from erythroid cells. Precursor cell analysis, after sorting of bone marrow cells using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, suggests that the antigen is absent from most progenitors with the exception of certain cells in the macrophage lineage.
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PMID:MBM-1, a differentiation marker of mouse hemopoietic cells defined by a rat monoclonal antibody. 684 Feb 28

Dendritic cells (DC) are a small subpopulation of lymphoid cells with distinctive cytologic features, surface properties, and functions. This report describes the DC-specific antibody (Ab) secreted by clone 33DI. Rat spleen cells immune to mouse DC were fused to the P3U myeloma. Hybrid culture supernatants were screened simultaneously against DC, a macrophage (M phi) cell line, and mitogen-stimulated lymphoblasts. 33DI Ab specifically killed 80-90% of DC from spleen and lymph node, but no other leukocytes, including Ia+ and Ia- M phi (Ia, I-region-associated antigen,). Quantitative binding studies with 5H-labeled 33D1 Ab showed that DC had an average of 14,000 binding sites per cell. Binding to DC was inhibited with Fab fragment of 33D1 Ab but not with a panel of other monoclonal antibodies, including anti-Ia Ab. Adherence and flotation procedures that enriched for DC enriched for 3H-labeled 33D1 Ab binding in parallel. 33D1 antigen was not detectable on: M phi from spleen, peritoneal cavity, and blood; three M phi cell lines; lymphocytes; granulocytes; platelets; and erythroid cells. DC continued to express the 33D1 antigen after 4 days in culture, whereas M phi and lymphocytes did not acquire it. Quantitative and autoradiographic studies confirmed that spleen and lymph node suspensions contain less than 1% DC. We conclude that 33D1 Ab detects a stable and specific DC antigen and can be used to monitor DC content in complex lymphoid mixtures.
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PMID:A monoclonal antibody specific for mouse dendritic cells. 694 98

A large series of leukaemias (1,512 cases) and leukaemic cell lines (40) have been tested for selective expression of a monomorphic HLR-DR determinant using a monoclonal antibody (DA2). Relatively mature myeloid leukaemias (APML, CGL) and erythroid leukemias are DR-, in contrast to most (72% leukaemias of myeloid precursors (e.g. AML) which are DR+. Non-T ALL are DR+ but T (thymic) ALL are invariably DR-. In contrast to the latter, some leukaemias with mature T cell phenotypes are DR+. Leukaemias or lymphomas of B cells and B cell precursors (e.g. pre-BALL) are invariably DR+, whereas myeloma or plasma cell leukaemias are DR-. This pattern of selective expression appears to closely parallel that seen in normal haemopoietic differentiation. Biochemical features of HLA-DR structures on leukaemic cells have been compared with the known features of B cell derived DR molecules and in one case ALL compared with an autologous (EBV transformed) B cell line. Most leukemic cells showed the same general alpha and beta two chain structure. However, B cell line and most chronic leukaemias showed the presence of an extra band of molecular weight 30,000 daltons (p30) with an intermediate electrophoretic mobility on SDS-PAGE between that of the alpha and beta DR chains. In acute leukaemias and leukaemic cell lines (i.e. immature cells) p30 was not seen unless short labelling times were used. Two dimensional NEPHGE/SDS-PAGE under appropriate labelling conditions showed that the pattern of spots obtained from an ALL line (Nalm-6) and its autologous EBV transformed partner (B85) were similar though not identical. Pulse chase labelling of Nalm-6 and B85 showed that the turnover rate of p30 relative to DR alpha and beta chains, differed in the two lines.
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PMID:Characterization of HLA-DR antigens on leukaemic cells. 695 50

Twenty-four untreated patients with myelomatosis were studied in order to characterize their anaemia, using standard haematological and ferrokinetic techniques, together with measurements of circulating erythropoietin, erythropoietin sensitivity of marrow cultures and in vitro measurements of haem synthesis. There is a reduction in total erythroid output by the marrow, together with a minor degree of plasma expansion. In patients with normal renal function there is an appropriate increase in erythropoietin in response to anaemia, but in a few cases there may be reduced response of CFU-E to the hormone in vitro. No abnormality of iron status or haem synthesis was found. One case of folate deficiency was discovered.
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PMID:Anaemia in patients with myelomatosis. 709 23

The ability of various murine and human cell types to secrete in vitro transcobalamin II (TCII), the vitamin B12 transport protein, was investigated. All cell types tested were found to secrete into the culture medium biologically active TCII molecules, capable of facilitating B12 uptake. The largest amounts of TCII were produced by primary cultures of murine fibroblasts and macrophages. Large quantities of TCII were also secreted by myeloma, erythroid leukemia, and macrophage-like tumor cell lines. Murine thymus cells of T lymphocyte tumors secreted only small quantities of TCII. Mouse monocytes and fibroblasts secreted considerably larger quantities of TCII than did their human counterparts. The data indicate that many cell types have the potential to produce biologically active TCII in vitro. Whether this in vitro potential also reflects in vivo biosynthetic activity is discussed.
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PMID:Production of transcobalamin II by various murine and human cells in culture. 710 16

This is a communication on the introduction of the first monoclonal marker at Graz University Medical School. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used for immunisation of BALB/c mice by injecting 4,5 X 10(6) cells s. c. Boosting consisted of i.p. injection of 5 X 10(6) cells 4 times in monthly intervals. Spleen cells were taken 4 days after the last boost, fused with NS-1 myeloma cells, using PEG as fusogenic agent. After growth in HAT selective medium, antibody secreting clones were identified by testing the supernatants. Cultures with activity against lymphocytes were closed on normal BALB/C peritoneal cell feeder layers. One of them secreted IgG 1 with strong activity against all lymphoid cells and was named HLy D 1. Further testing showed activity with band cells, polymorphs, eosinophils, macrophages but not with tissue sections from anaplastic undifferentiated cancers and erythroid leukaemias. Since he was named H Le D 1 and introduced for differentiating rare undifferentiated carcinomas from malignant tumors of the lymphoid system.
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PMID:[Cell hybridization: a monoclonal marker as a diagnostic help in haematology and oncology (author's transl)]. 727 18

A panel of 164 continuous human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines was analyzed for expression of c-kit using Northern blotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The c-kit transcripts were detectable in cell lines assigned to the myeloid (in 7 of 29 by Northern blotting and in 4 of 8 by RT-PCR), monocytic (in 1 of 24 by Northern blotting and in 3 of 6 by RT-PCR), erythroid (in 6 of 8 by Northern blotting and in 5 of 5 by RT-PCR), and megakaryoblastic (in 10 of 10 by Northern blotting) lineages, c-kit expression was not seen by Northern blotting or RT-PCR analysis in any of the 93 lymphoid leukemia, myeloma, or lymphoma cell lines. Treatment of four megakaryoblastic cell lines with protein kinase C activators (phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate and Bryostatin 1) led to terminal differentiation as assessed by morphologic alterations, changes in the surface marker profile, and growth arrest. These effects were associated with enhanced c-kit mRNA expression. Exposure to all-trans retinoic acid down-regulated c-kit mRNA levels, while simultaneously causing morphologic alterations in all four cell lines. Stimulation with growth factors (interleukin-3, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and insulin-like growth factors I and II), used to assess any role of c-kit in proliferative processes, did not lead to significant upregulation or downregulation of c-kit expression. The finding of constitutive and high expression of c-kit mRNA in all megakaryoblastic leukemia cell lines and its modulation by various reagents might further contribute to the understanding of megakaryopoietic proliferation, differentiation, and leukemogenesis.
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PMID:c-kit expression in human megakaryoblastic leukemia cell lines. 751 41

We report the development of a potent anti-CD38 immunotoxin capable of killing human myeloma and lymphoma cell lines. The immunotoxin is composed of an anti-CD38 antibody HB7 conjugated to a chemically modified ricin molecule wherein the binding sites of the B chain have been blocked by covalent attachment of affinity ligands (blocked ricin). Conjugation of blocked ricin to the HB7 antibody has minimal effect on the apparent affinity of the antibody and no effect on the ribosome-inactivating activity of the ricin A-chain moiety. Four to six logs of CD38+ tumor cell line kill was achieved at concentrations of HB7-blocked ricin in the range of 0.1 to 3 nmol/L. Low level of toxicity for normal bone marrow (BM) granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM), burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E), colony-forming units-granulocyte/erythroid/monocyte/macrophage (CFU-GEMM) cells was observed. Greater than two logs of CD38+ multiple myeloma cells were depleted from a 10-fold excess of normal BM mononuclear cells (BMMCs) after an exposure to HB7-blocked ricin under conditions (0.3 nmol/L) that were not very toxic for the normal BM precursors. HB7-blocked ricin was tested for its ability to inhibit protein synthesis in fresh patients' multiple myeloma cells and in normal BMMCs isolated from two healthy volunteers; tumor cells from four of five patients were 100-fold to 500-fold more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of HB7-blocked ricin than the normal BM cells. HB7 antibody does not activate normal resting peripheral blood lymphocytes, and HB7-blocked ricin is not cytotoxic toward these cells at concentrations of up to 1 nmol/L. The potent killing of antigen-bearing tumor cells coupled with a lack of effects on peripheral blood T cells or on hematopoietic progenitor cells suggests that HB7-blocked ricin may have clinical utility for the in vivo or in vitro purging of human multiple myeloma cells.
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PMID:Anti-CD38-blocked ricin: an immunotoxin for the treatment of multiple myeloma. 771 3


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