Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypocalcemic response following the administration of 160 units of porcine calcitonin was investigated in 14 patients with bone lesions caused by myeloma and in 9 control subjects. Significant decrease in blood serum calcium level was found in 85 per cent of myeloma patients, both in those with osteolytic bone lesions and those with generalized osteoporosis. Moreover, in all the patients a significant positive correlation was found between hypocalcemic response and the initial blood serum calcium concentration. Calcitonin administration did not cause any changes in blood serum phosphate level in myeloma patients.
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PMID:[Calcitonin test in patients with bone changes during the course of myeloma]. 136 10

Recombinant full-length human CD23 has been incorporated into fluorescent liposomes to demonstrate the existence of a ligand for CD23 that is different from the previously known ligand, immunoglobulin E (IgE). The novel ligand for CD23 is expressed on subsets of normal T cells and B cells as well as on some myeloma cell lines. The interaction of full-length CD23 with its ligand is specifically inhibited by anti-CD23 monoclonal antibodies and by IgE, and it is Ca2+ dependent. Moreover, tunicamycin treatment of a CD23-binding cell line, RPMI 8226, significantly reduced the binding of CD23 incorporated into fluorescent liposomes, and a sugar, fucose-1-phosphate, was found to inhibit CD23-liposome binding to RPMI 8226 cells, suggesting the contribution of sugar structures on the CD23 ligand. In addition, CD23-transfected COS cells were shown to form specific conjugates with the cell line RPMI 8226. These data demonstrate that CD23 interacts with a ligand, which is different from IgE, and that CD23 can be considered as a new surface adhesion molecule involved in cell-cell interactions.
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PMID:Demonstration of a second ligand for the low affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (CD23) using recombinant CD23 reconstituted into fluorescent liposomes. 138 72

The phosphate concentrations were measured in 41 patients who had multiple myeloma with paraproteinaemia using four different methods to compare the incidence of pseudohyperphosphataemia. The direct acid/molybdate method produced the highest number of anomalous results. The erroneously high phosphate concentration was attributable to the presence of turbidity in the reaction mixture. No association was found between paraprotein type and occurrence of turbidity. The direct acid/molybdate method was unreliable in patients with serum paraproteins and should therefore not be used for the measurement of phosphate concentration in such patients.
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PMID:Pseudohyperphosphataemia in patients with multiple myeloma. 140 Nov 89

Circulating monomeric human calcitonin (hCT-M), parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, urinary hydroxyproline, corrected serum calcium and inorganic phosphate were measured in 49 multiple myeloma patients and 49 matched controls. In patients with Durie-Salmon stage III disease hCT-M levels (16.9 +/- 5.8 ng/l, mean +/- SD) were significantly higher than controls and stage I patients (P less than 0.01), and correlated directly with corrected serum calcium (r = 0.74; P less than 0.001). In the same subgroup 14 of 15 patients had plasma hCT-M concentrations higher than the mean + 2SD of the controls. The calcium infusion test induced an increase of hCT-M in normocalcemic patients which was significantly greater in patients with advanced disease than in either controls or stage I patients. These findings suggest that hCT-M may be a biochemical index of bone resorption and disease activity in myeloma patients with osteolysis. In fact, its plasma concentrations were elevated in a large proportion (93%) of patients with severe bone involvement, and correlated directly with serum calcium. Moreover, our findings suggest the presence of a calcitonin-dependent calcium homeostatic mechanism, that protects against hypercalcemia due to tumor osteolysis.
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PMID:Plasma monomeric calcitonin as a marker of disease activity in multiple myeloma patients with osteolysis. 163 26

Thirty-one patients with multiple myeloma refractory to therapy or relapsing after response to initial therapy were treated with Fludarabine Phosphate utilizing a daily intravenous schedule for five consecutive days. There were no objective responses seen and only one patient showed clinical improvement. Myelosuppression manifest as leucopenia and granulocytopenia was the primary toxicity seen. Fludarabine Phosphate is inactive in previously treated myeloma patients when given by the daily intravenous route.
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PMID:Phase II study of fludarabine phosphate in multiple myeloma. A Southwest Oncology Group study. 169 69

Fludarabine phosphate is the 2-fluoro, 5'-monophosphate derivative of vidarabine (ara-A) with the advantages of resistance to deamination by adenosine deaminase (ADA) and improved solubility. The mechanism of cytotoxic action of the compound appears to involve metabolic conversion to the active triphosphate. Fludarabine phosphate has substantial activity against lymphoid malignancies, particularly chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Its single-agent activity in CLL appears at least comparable to those of other conventional combination regimens. Its activity in Hodgkin's disease, mycosis fungoides, and macroglobulinemia, although suggestive, needs to be further defined and clinical trials are warranted in hairy cell leukemia, prolymphocytic leukemia, and previously untreated myeloma. The compound does not appear active against most common solid tumors. Early clinical trials indicated significant myelosuppression and the potential for severe neurotoxicity. Toxicity on the currently used low-dose schedules includes transient and reversible myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, somnolence/fatigue, and elevations of liver enzymes and/or serum creatinine. Possible pulmonary toxicity has been suggested in several patients. The currently used low-doses of fludarabine phosphate, even with repeated administration, are well tolerated and appear safe with a negligible risk for severe neurotoxicity. Based on its single-agent activity and tolerability, the Food and Drug Administration recently granted group C designation of the drug for the treatment of patients with refractory CLL outside the clinical trials setting. The use of fludarabine phosphate in combination regimens and its impact on the natural history of the lymphoid malignancies is yet to be determined. Fludarabine phosphate may well occupy a pivotal role in the management of CLL and low-grade NHL.
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PMID:Fludarabine phosphate: a synthetic purine antimetabolite with significant activity against lymphoid malignancies. 170 43

Hyperphosphatemia (HP) is usually seen in patients with hypoparathyroidism, renal failure, and tumor lysis. The authors described a patient with HP due to a phosphate-binding immunoglobulin (Ig). An 86-year-old woman had serum phosphate levels as high as 4.75 mmol/l, (normal, 0.77 to 1.45 mmol/l). Serum ionized calcium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and N-terminal parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were normal, but serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level was subnormal at less than 12 pmol/l (normal, 36 to 146 pmol/l). Serum total protein was elevated at 105 g/l (normal, 60 to 80 g/l), and additional studies confirmed a diagnosis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) multiple myeloma. Results of in vitro studies using anti-human IgG antibodies showed that the IgG of the patient bound inorganic phosphate. Several isolated case reports have documented spurious HP due to interference of the paraprotein in the routine serum phosphate assay. In only one patient, however, has actual binding of phosphate to a myeloma protein been documented. The studies of the authors document phosphate binding by an IgG paraprotein and suggest that in this setting HP may be of physiologic significance as evidenced by depressed serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
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PMID:Hyperphosphatemia in multiple myeloma due to a phosphate-binding immunoglobulin. 191 79

Tubular reabsorption of calcium (Ca) is becoming recognized as a determinant of malignant hypercalcemia. However, its importance as compared to increased bone resorption has not yet been widely investigated. We determined Ca fluxes of bone resorption and tubular reabsorption in 141 rehydrated patients with hypercalcemia of malignant or benign origin, before any specific treatment. Bone resorption (BRI) was evaluated by fasting urinary Ca excretion and Ca tubular reabsorption using an index (TRCaI) calculated from a nomogram relating fasting urinary Ca excretion and calcemia. The relationship between alterations in TRCaI and in the tubular capacity to reabsorb inorganic phosphate (Pi), as judged by TmPi/GFR, was also examined for each cause of hypercalcemia. Among 101 cases with malignancy, 67% had overt bone metastases, but all displayed increased BRI. Calcemia was highest in breast cancer and lowest in prostate carcinoma. BRI was markedly increased in breast cancer, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, whereas it was slightly elevated in lung squamous cell, renal, and liver carcinomas. TRCaI was increased in 49% of malignant hypercalcemia, particularly in epidermoid (above the upper normal limit in 71% of the cases), renal, and liver carcinomas. It was elevated in 54% of breast cancer and normal in multiple myeloma and prostate cancer. In nonmalignant hypercalcemia, BRI was markedly increased in vitamin D intoxication, sarcoidosis, and immobilization. In primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP), BRI was moderately increased. TRCaI was abnormally elevated in PHP, but normal in vitamin D intoxication, sarcoidosis, and immobilization. In malignant hypercalcemia, TmPi/GFR was low in 77% of patients and in all types of tumors, except in prostate carcinoma. The index ratio [TRCaI/(TmPi/GFR)] gave a better discrimination of PHP from other causes of nonmalignant hypercalcemia than the use of either TRCaI or TmPi/GFR taken alone. Thus, in malignant hypercalcemia, increased bone resorption is associated with an elevation in tubular Ca reabsorption in half the patients surveyed, whereas low tubular Pi reabsorption is observed in more than 75%. Increased TRCaI is restricted to some types of tumor, whereas decreased TmPi/GFR is observed in all types except prostate carcinoma. In nonmalignant hypercalcemia, a significant increase in mean TRCaI was only observed in PHP, of which individual cases can be fully discriminated from other conditions by using a new index taking into account alteration in the renal transport capacity of both Ca and Pi.
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PMID:Evaluation of bone resorption and renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and phosphate in malignant and nonmalignant hypercalcemia. 205 36

C57BL/6 mice were immunized with cauda epididymal sperm from syngenic mice. A monoclonal antibody (TSC4) was obtained using a hybridization method with myeloma (P3U1) cells. The antibody was examined for its reactivity to sperm from different regions of the reproductive tract of male mice. The antigen was recognized only when the sperm reached the corpus epididymis. The area of antigen present on the sperm membrane was topographically restricted to the anterior part of sperm head. The antigen remained on the sperm after washing with phosphate buffered saline, disappearing, however, when sperm was capacitated.
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PMID:Studies on sperm capacitation using monoclonal anti-body--disappearance of an antigen from the anterior part of mouse sperm head. 242 71

Two monoclonal antibodies against staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid (LTA) were made by fusing P3X63Ag8 myeloma cells and splenocytes from mice immunized with purified LTA. Both were isotyped as being IgM kappa. Their specificities were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays indicating that both antibodies reacted with the glycerol-phosphate backbone, while one of them also had some affinity for the alanyl substituent. Antibodies in serum from 7 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 7 non-MS patients apparently reacted with the sugar moiety of LTA. In contrast, CSF antibodies from 6 of the 7 MS patients and 1 of the 7 non-MS patients had affinity for the alanine residue. This non-MS patient also had serum antibodies against the alanine residue. None of the other sera tested appeared to contain such antibodies.
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PMID:Antibodies to lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus. Specificity of murine monoclonal and human antibodies. 242 61


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