Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spinal MRI was performed in 9 multiple myeloma and 2 solitary plasmacytoma, using sagittal, T 1-weighted (TR: 350-550 ms/TE: 15-26 ms) and T 2-weighted (TR: 2,000-2,500 ms/TE: 60-120 ms) sequences, with additional gadolinium injection in 3 cases. MRI features were the following: 1) round, patchy lesions with low T 1 signal highlighted by gadolinium and bright T 2 signal were present in 10 of the 11 patients: all osteolytic lesions seen on plain X-rays corresponded to such lesions and biopsy performed in 4 cases showed massive marrow replacement by plasma cells. 2) overall marrow signal was dramatically decreased in 3 patients (2 of whom had a high tumoral mass). 3) extra-dural compression was present in 4 cases. 4) 25 vertebral compression fractures (10 of whom with a "benign" appearance) and focal fat deposition were seen. 5) postradiation treatment examination seemed predictive of the outcome in the 2 solitary plasmacytomas. MRI proved to be more sensitive than plain X-rays or bone scintigraphy. Number and size of focal tumor-like lesions did not correlate with the low marrow signal appearance. Both correlated poorly with overall tumoral mass but diffuse abnormalities were associated with rapidly fatal outcome in three cases. These features might reflect qualitative rather than quantitative patterns of the disease (nodular or diffuse macroscopic marrow replacement). These findings are in agreement with those of the few previous studies. MRI is valuable for spinal cord damage assessment. It appears less accurate in benign versus malignant vertebral compression fracture determination than it does in bone metastasis. Its prognostic value is still questionable.
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PMID:[Aspects and role of spinal MRI in the assessment of solitary plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma. Apropos of 11 cases]. 141 Nov 92

In vivo clearance and tissue localization of a purified mouse anti-DNA monoclonal antibody (MoAb) (A52 IgG2b) and its complexes with DNA were studied in normal BALB/c and autoimmune NZB/NZW mice. The plasma half-life of the autoantibody in both mouse strains was significantly shorter (T 1/2 = 10-15 min), compared with that of purified NZB myeloma proteins (T 1/2 greater than or equal to 180 min). DNA antigen and DNA-A52 IgG complexes in antibody excess were cleared very rapidly (T 1/2 = 4-8 min), while complexes formed in antigen excess persisted in the circulation much longer (T 1/2 = 60 min). Organ studies showed that the anti-DNA MoAb was transiently retained by the liver and the spleen but demonstrated a particular affinity for the kidney tissue. We suggest that tissue damage in SLE glomerulonephritis may be facilitated by direct interaction of anti-DNA antibodies with glomerular components.
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PMID:In vivo clearance and tissue uptake of an anti-DNA monoclonal antibody and its complexes with DNA. 387 13

Two cloned lambda 1-producing myelomas (HOPC-1, MOPC-104E) contain rearranged kappa genes and levels of mature-sized kappa RNA comparable to those found in kappa-producing myeloma cells. Another lambda 1-producing myeloma tumor line (HOPC-2020) and a lambda 1-containing B cell leukemia line (BCL1) also contain significant levels of kappa RNA. One lambda 11-producing line (MOPC-315) contains no detectable kappa RNA, but it also has no kappa genes in the embryonic configuration. kappa-related proteins are not detectable in the lambda 1-producing lines by standard procedures, but by sensitive methods at least two lines contain kappa protein fragments. The MOPC-104E line produces both a 14.5K kappa fragment that is not readily detectable because of its low rate of synthesis and short half-life (T 1/2 less than 5 min), and a major 16.5K protein that lacks kappa cross reactivity but is demonstrable by translation of purified MOPC-104E kappa RNA. The HOPC-1 kappa RNA also encodes a short-lived 14K kappa fragment. The MPC-11 line, which produces a mature kappa RNA and protein as well as an 800 base kappa fragment RNA and kappa protein fragment, has both kappa alleles rearranged, one apparently aberrantly between J and C kappa. Two different kappa RNA species, one the same size as the MPC-11 kappa fragment RNA, frequently are present in kappa RNA-containing Abelson murine leukemia virus-transformed lymphoid cells as well as in 18 and 19 day murine fetal liver. For light chains, neither allelic nor isotype exclusion is generally evident in myeloma and lymphoma cells; rather both produce only a single functional light chain. Models of light chain activation must explain restriction by considering the functional properties of the light chain rather than light chain gene expression.
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PMID:Activity of multiple light chain genes in murine myeloma cells producing a single, functional light chain. 677 66

The Fc gamma receptors of reticuloendothelial cells are presumed to play an important role in the clearance of circulating particles opsonized with IgG. In order to quantify these receptors and assess their contribution to the clearance phenomenon in man, Scatchard analysis has been applied to 125I-IgG1 myeloma protein binding by a model mononuclear phagocyte, the peripheral blood monocyte. Close compliance to the criteria for linear Scatchard plots has been obtained. The kinetics of binding at 37 degrees C were consistent with a simple, reversible, bimolecular reaction. A saturable, single class of high-affinity binding sites was discerned with a Ka of 2.61 +/- 0.13 x 10(8) M-1 and a mean of 35,500 +/- 1700 receptors per monocyte. These receptors expressed approximately equal affinities for IgG subclasses 1 and 3, with progressively lower affinities for IgG subclasses 4 and 2, respectively. Parameters of IgG1 binding to monocytes of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and normal individuals of HLA-B8/Drw3 haplotype were not significantly different from controls, despite the previous demonstration of retarded IgG-mediated clearance in one-half of such subjects. Receptor number and affinity failed to correlate with T 1/2 for sensitized erythrocyte clearance in vivo. Functional defects in in vivo clearance, even in the absence of circulating immune complexes, are not necessarily related to abnormal expression of Fc gamma receptors by phagocytes.
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PMID:Monocyte receptors for the Fc portion of IgG studies with monomeric human IgG1: normal in vitro expression of Fc gamma receptors in HLA-B8/Drw3 subjects with defective Fc gamma-mediated in vivo clearance. 698 Sep 15

Whether Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is associated with multiple myeloma (MM) remains controversial. We assayed for KSHV DNA sequences in long-term bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from 26 patients with MM and 4 normal donors. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers which amplify a KSHV gene sequence to yield a 233-bp fragment (KS330233 within open reading frame 26) was negative in all cases. Aliquots of these PCR products were used as templates in subsequent nested PCR, with primers that amplify a 186-bp product internal to KS330233. BMSCs from 24 of 26 (92%) patients with MM and 1 of 4 normal donors were KSHV PCR+. DNA sequence analyses showed interpatient specific mutations (2 to 3 bp). Both Southern blot and sequence analyses confirmed the specificity of PCR results. The presence of the KSHV gene sequences was further confirmed by amplifying T 1.1 (open reading frame [ORF] K7) and viral cyclin D (ORF 72), two other domains within the KSHV genome. Immunohistochemical studies of KSHV PCR+ MM BMSCs demonstrate expression of dendritic cell (DC) lineage markers (CD68, CD83, and fascin). Serological studies for the presence of KSHV lytic or latent antibodies were performed using sera from 53 MM patients, 12 normal donors, and 5 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/KSHV+ patients. No lytic or latent antibodies were present in sera from either MM patients or normal donors. Taken together, these findings show that KSHV DNA sequences are detectable in BMSCs from the majority of MM patients, but that serologic responses to KSHV are not present. Ongoing studies are defining whether the lack of antibody response is caused by the absence of ongoing infection, the presence of a novel viral strain associated with MM, or underlying immunodeficiency in these patients.
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PMID:Detection of Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus DNA sequences in multiple myeloma bone marrow stromal cells. 1002 74