Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An ATPase was purified from mouse myeloma MOPC 70E the activity of which depends on the presence of single-stranded DNA and divalent cations such as Mg2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Ni2+ or Fe2+. The enzyme splits both ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates but preferentially ATP and dATP yielding nucleoside diphosphates and inorganic phosphate. The enzyme has an absolute requirement for single-stranded DNA. Alternating double-stranded polydeoxynucleotides are only slight effective, and native double-stranded DNA, single-stranded and double-stranded RNAs as well as DNA - RNA hybrids are ineffective in stimulating the ATPase. The enzyme has further characterized by sedimentation in a sucrose density gradient (s20, w = 5.5 S) and by isoelectric focussing in an ampholine pH gradient (pI = 6.5).
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PMID:An ATPase depending on the presence of single-stranded DNA from mouse myeloma. 12 26

Patients with multiple myeloma must be differentiated from those with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM). The plasma cell labeling index is helpful in differentiating MGUS or SMM from multiple myeloma (MM). No difference in survival was noted between patients given a single alkylating agent and those given a combination of alkylating agents. Alternating cycles of interferon alpha 2 and VBMCP (vincristine, BCNU, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, prednisone) produced a complete or near-complete response in 41% of patients. Allogeneic or syngeneic bone marrow transplantation has produced some benefit. Autologous bone marrow transplantation is potentially applicable to treat more patients. Major problems are eradication of myeloma cells from the bone marrow and removal of myeloma cells from autologous bone marrow. Purging of myeloma cells with monoclonal antibodies and chemotherapy may be helpful. Stem cells from autologous peripheral blood are being used for rescue after high-dose chemotherapy and total-body irradiation.
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PMID:Multiple myeloma. An update on diagnosis and management. 217 49

Clinical trials of myeloma treatment are reviewed. 7618 patients are described in nine Tables (some patients appear in more than one). Most randomized trials and trials of non-staged myeloma yield no statistically significant differences between the combinations of alkylators, vinca alkaloids, nitrosoureas, anthracyclines, epipodophyllotoxins, procarbazine and/or steroids used. Intensive combination treatment induces response in an average of 3 months and seems superior to monotherapy in stage III, in which the early mortality is reduced from 45% to 10%. No studies were found showing any evidence for superiority of intensive treatment in stage I. Alternating chemotherapy combinations do not delay refractoriness. No evidence was found that maintenance treatment prolongs survival in responding patients.
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PMID:Clinical trials of myeloma treatment: a review. 352 66

Hyaluronan (HA) is suggested to play a role in the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma. To further investigate the role of HA in this disease, we examined hyaluronan synthase (Has) gene expression and HA production in bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells (bmMPCs) derived from multiple myeloma patients. The relative abundance of mRNA for each HAS gene was determined using competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (cRT-PCR), whereas HA production was detected by fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE). We determined the basal expression of Has isoforms in myeloma bmMPCs and then compared this expression with expression in healthy donor bmMPCs. Of the 3 Has isoforms, Has1 mRNA was expressed predominantly in myeloma bmMPCs, with expression 7.6-fold greater than Has2. Compared with normal bmMPCs, Has1 mRNA expression was 20-fold greater in myeloma bmMPCs. Normal bmMPCs predominantly expressed Has2 mRNA (8.2-fold greater than myeloma bmMPCs). Upon coculture of myeloma bmMPCs with plasma cells, Has1 transcript was strongly attenuated. FACE results show that myeloma bmMPCs synthesize 5.7-fold more HA than those from healthy donors. These data suggest that myeloma bmMPCs could be an important component of the myeloma pathophysiology in vivo by their increased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components relevant to plasma cell growth and survival.
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PMID:Characterization of hyaluronan synthase expression and hyaluronan synthesis in bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells: predominant expression of HAS1 mRNA and up-regulated hyaluronan synthesis in bone marrow cells derived from multiple myeloma patients. 1223 72