Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum lactic dehydrogenase (S-LDH) was analysed at diagnosis in ninety-three patients with multiple myeloma. The patients were then followed up after a mean observation period of 39 months (SD 29). Serum lactic dehydrogenase was elevated in twenty-seven out of ninety-three patients and found to correlate with the serum concentrations of beta 2-microglobuline, creatinine, and thymidine kinase. In discriminant analysis of pretreatment S-LDH levels in relation to survival, the best discrimination level was 7.0 mukat 1(-1). Patients with values below 7 microkat 1(-1) ahd a median survival time of 45 months compared to 14 months for those with levels above 7 mukat 1(-1) (P less than 0.001). Serum lactic dehydrogenase at diagnosis, thus, has prognostic information in multiple myeloma.
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PMID:Prognostic value of serum lactic dehydrogenase (S-LDH) in multiple myeloma. 311 70

High doses of melphalan (HDM) and dexamethasone were administered to 43 patients with advanced multiple myeloma, 36 of whom were refractory to both standard melphalan-prednisone and vincristine-adriamycin-dexamethasone (VAD). Forty-four percent responded with greater than 75% reduction in calculated tumor mass, including three patients who achieved a complete remission. The response rate to HDM was 56% in 18 relapsing patients and 50% in 12 patients with less than 12 months of primary drug resistance, but it was only 23% among the remaining 13 unresponsive patients. A high early mortality rate of 30% was confined to 26 patients with either poor performance (Zubrod greater than 1) or impaired renal function (creatinine greater than 1.4 mg%). When this toxic treatment was given to the 21 patients with good performance (Zubrod less than 2) whose disease lacked high serum lactic dehydrogenase (less than or equal to 500 U/L) as a recently recognized feature of high-grade myeloma, a superior median survival of 18 months was obtained as opposed to only 3 months for the 22 remaining patients (P less than .001). Thus, when employed in a timely fashion, HDM overcomes resistance to standard chemotherapy and VAD and benefits selected patients with advanced myeloma.
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PMID:Prognostic factors with high-dose melphalan for refractory multiple myeloma. 275 59

The analysis of individual biochemical and clinical variables in 121 patients with multiple myeloma showed that serum beta 2-microglobulin (S-beta 2m) had the most significant relation to survival. Other variables such as serum thymidine kinase (S-TK), serum lactate dehydrogenase (S-LDH), S-creatinine, haemoglobin (Hb), ESR, S-albumin, age and clinical stage were also significant. No such relationship was found with M-component, presence of light chains in urine, type of secreted immunoglobulin or S-calcium. The exclusion of clinical stage in the first multivariate analysis resulted in a model consisting of S-beta 2m, age and S-TK, none of the other variables gave additional information. When in the second multivariate analysis the basic variables involved in staging procedure were excluded and clinical stage included, stage III, but not stage II, was found to give additional information to the model described above. Individual analysis of the variables showed that Hb had the most significant relation to effect of initial therapy. Other significant variables were S-TK, S-beta 2m and age. When using the multivariate approach, Hb alone was found to contain all the relevant information.
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PMID:Biochemical markers in multiple myeloma: a multivariate analysis. 328 7

Fresh leukaemia cells from the peripheral blood of 6 patients with B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) were cultured in the continuous presence of the phorbolester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) for in vitro induction of differentiation. Upon treatment with TPA the cells showed distinct morphological changes consisting of cytoplasmic and nuclear enlargement, vacuolisation and protrusion of cytoplasm, eccentric location of nuclei with perinuclear clear zones, and oval to elongated cell forms. Isoenzyme profiles of the enzymes carboxylic esterase, acid phosphatase, hexosaminidase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were analysed by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels. An increase in the number and in the staining intensity of isoenzymes were observed for all 4 enzymes in the TPA-exposed cells indicating a maturation along the B cell pathway. TPA triggered the new expression of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoenzyme, a marker of hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) cells, and of the hexosaminidase I isoenzyme, a marker of multiple myeloma cells. The induced phenotypic changes are suggestive of differentiation to stages corresponding to those of HCL cells or 'pre-plasma cells'.
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PMID:Morphological and isoenzymatic differentiation of B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells induced by phorbolester. 348 41

In a clinical case of cryoglobulinemia (type I), secondary to multiple myeloma, the authors found temperature-dependent changes in lactic dehydrogenase assay and automatic count of leukocytes and platelets.
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PMID:[Problems in the determination of lactate dehydrogenase and in the automatic blood cell count in a case of cryoglobulinemia]. 350 9

Spleen cells, from BALB/c mice that had been infected with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) for 6 days and that had or had not been previously immunized with glutaraldehyde-inactivated LDV, were fused with NS-1 myeloma cells. The fusion frequency was at least 10 times higher than with spleen cells of normal or chronically infected mice. Only 1 of 297 wells containing hybridomas prepared with spleens from unprimed 6-day-infected mice produced LDV-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb). In contrast, when mice were immunized with inactivated LDV before infection, 33 of 73 hybridoma-containing wells screened were LDV-specific. The mAbs produced were mainly of IgG2a, IgM, and IgG1 subclasses and exhibited an identical characteristic staining pattern of LDV-infected cultured macrophages. A single mAb of IgG2b isotype yielded a different staining pattern. Western blotting showed that all of 12 mAbs analyzed in more detail were specific for the LDV glycoprotein, VP-3, but none of these neutralized the infectivity of the homologous strain of LDV. They also did not significantly protect immunosuppressed 10-month-old C58 mice against LDV-induced paralytic poliomyelitis, as does passive immunization with polyclonal mouse anti-LDV IgG.
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PMID:Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies to the lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus. 361 May 72

The authors study the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in multiple myeloma patients in relation to survival, plasma cells bone marrow infiltration, and creatinine and paraprotein serum values. Twenty five patients seen between 1979 and 1983 were studied considering two groups, one with LDH values higher than 100 IU/1 and the other with LDH values lower than 100 IU/1. Patients having more than 100 IU/1 showed a more marked bone marrow infiltration. Paraprotein concentration was higher in patients having less than 100 IU/1. No correlation was observed for the other factors considered.
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PMID:[Serum LDH and myeloma. Correlation with the degree of bone marrow infiltration]. 384 55

The ability of human myeloma proteins of different classes and subclasses and of macroglobulins (all aggregated with bis-diazotized benzidine or heat) to aggregate washed human platelets and release [(3)H]-serotonin from the platelets was investigated and compared with the activity of normal IgG and tetanus-antitetanus IgG antigen-antibody complexes. Aggregated IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and normal IgG complexes all aggregated platelets and caused release of serotonin to similar extents. In contrast, IgA1, IgA2, IgD, and IgE myeloma proteins as well as IgM macroglobulins were completely inactive in this respect. Approximately 50% of the actvity remained in aggregated, mildly reduced and alkylated IgG myeloma proteins and their Fc fragments, whereas aggregated F(ab')(2) fragments were completely inactive. Addition of fresh serum inhibited the release of serotonin caused by aggregated IgG1 and IgG3 proteins and normal IgG antigen-antibody complexes by about 50% but had no effect upon the release of serotonin obtained with IgG2 and IgG4 proteins. This inhibition appeared to be mediated by complement. The release of serotonin was not accompanied by liberation of the cytoplasmic enzyme lactic dehydrogenase, indicating that no significant lysis of the platelets occurred. Addition of neutrophils did not enhance the serotonin release.
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PMID:Release of serotonin from human platelets induced by aggregated immunoglobulins of different classes and subclasses. 470 Apr 96

When tested in the in vitro T-cell proliferation assay, H-2a cells are nonresponders to lactate dehydrogenase B (LDH-B; L-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.27) and to IgG2a myeloma protein. However, the cells can be converted into responders either by the addition to the culture of monoclonal anti-Ia.m7 antibody or by the removal from the culture of Lyt-2+ [T-lymphocyte-associated alloantigen (Lyt)-2 positive] lymphocytes. In both instances, the responsiveness can be suppressed again by the addition to the culture of monoclonal antibodies to I region-associated (Ia) molecules controlled by the I-A subregion. These data suggest that, in some H-2 haplotypes, the response to LDH-B and IgG2a is the result of interaction between the I-A and I-E subregions. The H-2a haplotype carries a responder allele at the I-A subregion but the responsiveness of H-2a cells is normally suppressed by T cells recognizing the antigen in the context of the I-E molecules. When the recognition of I-E molecules is blocked by an antiserum or when the cells capable of this recognition are removed, the H-2a cells become responders. These experiments demonstrate a nonresponder turned responder by antibody inhibition. They also demonstrate that the postulate of the I-B subregion is no longer necessary and provide additional evidence that the Ia molecules are the products of the immune response (Ir) genes.
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PMID:A novel type of T-T cell interaction removes the requirement for I-B region in the H-2 complex. 679 Nov 62

Serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDG) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) were measured in 164 and 128 patients with multiple myeloma (MM), respectively. High levels of LDG were recordable in 15.4% of patients at diagnosis and 36.8% of terminal stage patients. The frequency of extraosseous foci in untreated patients with high LDG activity made up 36.8%, survival median 19 months. In normal LDG activity the above values were 6.8% and more than 36 months, respectively. The highest LDG level occurred in patients with terminal plasmic cell leukemia. MM with IgD secretion was characterized by a a more frequent rise in LDG concentrations. Normal LDG amounts in active MM were seen in 58 (54.2%) out of 107 patients. beta 2-MG levels exceeded 6 mg/l in 75 of 128 patients with normal creatinine. These patients had a short survival median 24 months. Those patients who had beta 2-MG levels under 6 mg/l have not reached survival median for 36 months of follow-up. The authors hold that beta 2-MG concentrations are of prognostic value in all myeloma secretions and in nonsecretory myeloma as well though their indications are not absolute as 14% had low beta 2-MG levels in high MM activity. Comparative results are presented for 40 high-risk MM patients. Group 1 (20 patients) have received standard chemotherapy. Group 2 (20 patients) have undergone intensive polychemotherapy. Survival median made up 12 and 26 months for group 1 and 2, respectively.
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PMID:[The significance of lactate dehydrogenase and beta 2-microglobulin levels for the assessment of the prognosis and choice of therapy in multiple myeloma]. 748 3


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