Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anti-bilirubin-IX alpha monoclonal antibodies exclusively specific for unconjugated bilirubin-IX alpha are prepared and characterized. Using modified MBS (metamaleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester) method, bilirubin-IX alpha was covalently coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) retaining its intramolecular hydrogen bonds as well as three-dimensional structure. Somatic cell fusion was performed between murine spleen cells immunized with the bilirubin-IX alpha-BSA and murine myeloma P3-X63-Ag8-U1 cells. After screening assay, 58 clones were identified which were producing antibodies not to albumin nor MBS, but to haptenic bilirubin-IX alpha. In inhibition analysis, the antibodies in the culture supernatant reacted only with bilirubin-IX alpha to a varying degree, but did not react with conjugated bilirubin-IX alpha, including bilirubin-IX alpha monoglucuronide, bilirubin-IX alpha diglucuronide, and ditauronic bilirubin-IX alpha.
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PMID:Anti-bilirubin monoclonal antibody. III. Preparation and properties of monoclonal antibodies to unconjugated bilirubin-IX alpha. 201 77

Immunoglobulin light chains are low-molecular-weight proteins filtered at the renal glomerulus and catabolized within the proximal tubular epithelium. Excessive production and urinary excretion of light chains are associated with renal dysfunction. They also interfere with proximal renal tubule epithelial functions in vitro. We studied the binding of 125I-labeled kappa- and lambda-light chains, obtained from the urine of multiple myeloma patients, to rat and human renal proximal tubular brush-border membranes. Light-chain binding to brush borders was also demonstrated immunologically by flow cytometry. Computer analysis of binding data was consistent with presence of a single class of low-affinity, high-capacity, non-cooperative binding sites with relative selectivity for light chains on both rat and human kidney brush-border membranes. The dissociation constants of light chains ranged from 1.6 X 10(-5) to 1.2 X 10(-4) M, and maximum binding capacity ranged from 4.7 +/- 1.3 X 10(-8) to 8.0 +/- 0.9 X 10(-8) (SD) mol/mg protein at 25 degrees C. Kappa- and lambda-light chains competed with each other for binding with comparable affinity constants. Competition by albumin and beta-lactoglobulin, however, was much weaker, suggesting relative site selectivity for light chains. These binding sites probably function as endocytotic receptors for light chains and possibly other low-molecular-weight proteins.
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PMID:Light-chain binding sites on renal brush-border membranes. 211 Jul 77

We used lambda chain extracted from urine of patient with myeloma (IgD lambda) as antigen for immunizing BALB/C mice, and 86 hybridoma cell clones secreting monoclonal antibodies (McAb) were obtained after fusing twice and cloning 3-4 times. 15 of these clones secreted monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Id McAb). The results showed that 12 of 15 anti-Id antibodies reacted only with homologous lambda chain and IgD, not with lambda chain, kappa chain, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE, albumin and paraglobulin from normal subjects. Indirect immunofluorescent assay demonstrated that positive reaction rate between anti-Id McAbs and peripheral blood lymphocytes or bone marrow cells of the patient with myeloma was up to 23%. No reaction was observed between anti-Id McAb and peripheral blood lymphocytes or bone marrow cells from normal subjects. Some of these McAbs presented positive reaction with plasmacytoma cell lines cultured in our laboratory.
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PMID:Studies on monoclonal anti-isotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies against leukemia and myeloma: I. Study on monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies against lambda chain protein of myeloma. 212 43

Serum samples from 398 individuals (270 whites and 128 blacks) exhibiting quantitatively normal amounts of five typically seen fractions (albumin, alpha 1-globulin, alpha 2-globulin, beta-globulin, and gamma-globulin) in serum protein electrophoresis and showing no evidence of multiple myeloma, other immunoproliferative diseases, or any of the other diseases known to produce monoclonal proteins were tested for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) by immunofixation electrophoresis. No individual in the study had a serum protein electrophoresis pattern suggestive of monoclonal protein gammopathy. Except for one 37-year-old woman, all subjects were men. Subjects were divided into seven age groups: 20 to 29 years (I), 30 to 39 years (II), 40 to 49 years (III), 50 to 59 years (IV), 60 to 69 years (V), 70 to 79 years (VI), and all over 79 years (VII) of age. Considering all subjects in a given race, blacks had two times (14.8%) higher incidence of MGUS than whites (7.8%); this difference was statistically significant. An increased incidence of MGUS in blacks when compared with whites prevailed in each age group, and the difference was statistically significant in all age groups except group II. No MGUS was found in groups I and III in either race. Both races showed a threefold increase in incidence of MGUS from group II to group VII. No routine laboratory test such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate in subjects with MGUS was significantly different than that in age- and race-matched individuals without MGUS. These results show that the incidence of MGUS is higher in the group (blacks) also known to have a higher prevalence of multiple myeloma.
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PMID:Increased incidence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in blacks and its age-related differences with whites on the basis of a study of 397 men and one woman in a hospital setting. 224 54

Clinical data of 65 patients with myeloma were analyzed to identify factors associated with hypoalbuminemia. The serum albumin level was not affected by patient age and gender, type of myeloma, and the occurrence of Bence Jones protein, lytic bone lesions, or hypercalcemia, and it was not related to changes in body weight or in liver and renal function. The albumin level, lower in patients with proteinuria, was unrelated to severity of proteinuria. Albumin level correlated significantly with the monoclonal IgG levels, hemoglobin concentration, clinical stage of disease, and estimated body tumor burden. Further analysis indicated the disease stage or the tumor burden as the dominant factor in determining albumin level. An albumin level of 29.0 g/L or less identified unequivocally advanced disease. Practically all patients with stage III myeloma had a serum albumin level of 37.0 g/L or less. Thus, hypoalbuminemia is primarily related to the extent of myeloma proliferation and is therefore of diagnostic and prognostic importance.
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PMID:Hypoalbuminemia in patients with multiple myeloma. 200 Nov 48

A two-step screening of urine samples for Bence-Jones proteins is described. The proposed method is fast and fully mechanized; quantitative results are obtained within minutes. As a first step alpha 1-microglobulin, albumin, transferrin and IgG are measured immunonephelometrically. Then the cumulative concentration of the four markers is compared with that of total protein, which is determined by nephelometry during trichloroacetic acid protein precipitation. Bence-Jones proteinuria is indicated by large concentrational differences (greater than 31%) between the four markers and total protein. As a second step, Bence-Jones proteins are assessed directly if they are present. Immunoglobulin light-chains are measured immunonephelometrically and the kappa:lambda ratio is used to discriminate between monoclonal and polyclonal forms. Using this strategy, urine samples from 84 patients with monoclonal gammopathia or multiple myeloma were screened. Bence-Jones proteinuria was detected in 40 cases. In a reference collective (69 patients with different types of renal proteinuria) Bence-Jones proteinuria was not observed. Comparing the results with those obtained by immunofixation, the nephelometric method has a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97%, differing only in a single false-positive result. Additional information about renal forms of proteinuria is supplied by the first screening step. This permits an assessment of the renal involvement in Bence-Jones proteinuria, and the method can also be used for nephrological diagnosis.
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PMID:Identification and quantification of Bence-Jones proteinuria by automated nephelometric screening. 231 35

Six hundred twelve eligible, previously untreated patients with active multiple myeloma and at least some data available for analysis were entered into a randomized trial (Southwest Oncology Group [SWOG] Phase III myeloma study 8229/30), in which the prognostic significance of pretreatment serum beta 2 microglobulin levels was evaluated. Because there was no statistically significant survival difference between the alternating and syncopating VMCP/VBAP regimens, it was possible to evaluate serum beta 2 microglobulin for the total population all together. The serum beta 2 microglobulin measurements showed the highest significance of any prognostic factor, both in the bivariate and multivariate regression analyses. The median survival was 36 months for the 322 patients with pretreatment serum beta 2 microglobulin values of less than 6 micrograms/mL, as compared with a median survival of 23 months for the 225 patients with a beta 2 level of greater than or equal to 6 mcg/mL (P less than .0001). The stepwise multiple regression model first contained serum beta 2 microglobulin, followed by serum albumin, serum calcium, age, and serum creatinine. Serum beta 2 microglobulin was highly correlated with stage: median values ranged from 3.7 micrograms/mL for stage IA, to 10.1 for stage IIIB. It was possible to stratify myeloma patients based on combinations of serum beta 2 microglobulin with both albumin and age, producing excellent separation of patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk categories. It is concluded that serum beta 2 microglobulin is the most powerful prognostic factor currently available for multiple myeloma and that it can be used alone or in combination with other variables for pretreatment stratification.
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PMID:Prognostic value of pretreatment serum beta 2 microglobulin in myeloma: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. 220 35

Isolated purified rat mast cells release histamine when exposed to acetylcholine according to different patterns of sensitivity. The degree of histamine release is correlated with the levels of reaginic antibodies presumably bound to the mast cell membrane. In fact, mast cells passively sensitized with mouse myeloma IgE against egg albumin or DNP2-lysine, react to acetylcholine with a release of histamine, which is proportional to the IgE concentration in the incubation medium. The histamine release induced by acetylcholine is due to the stimulation of a muscarinic receptor. Accordingly, acetylthiocholine is unable to evoke histamine release and preincubation of sensitized cells with atropine fully inhibits the cholinergic histamine release. The histamine release evoked by acetylcholine is potentiated by the exposure of sensitized cells to the specific antigen. The present results suggest that sensitization of mast cells is a crucial factor in modulating their sensitivity to acetylcholine.
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PMID:Immunological modulation of cholinergic histamine release in isolated rat mast cells. 240 65

A large (60-100%) negative interference in serum creatinine value of some (3 of 18 myeloma patients, all with monoclonal gammopathy of IgG type, was observed on several instruments that determine creatinine by the Jaffe reaction. No interference was observed in an enzymatic method. Serum electrophoresis showed a monoclonal band in all three samples. The interferent could be removed by acid precipitation or dithiothreitol preincubation, and partially isolated in the high molecular weight dialyzate from the serum. It was demonstrated that the interferent is not albumin or normal gammaglobulin. Kinetic analysis of the Jaffe reaction showed large initial decreases in absorbance, in agreement with the corresponding creatinine results. It is suggested that some monoclonal IgGs may react with the Jaffe picrate reagent, resulting in a false lowering of serum creatinine values.
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PMID:Interference by IgG paraproteins in the Jaffe method for creatinine determination. 242 Jan 68

Sixty cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) with paired serum samples from a variety of patients with neurologic diseases were studied using rate nephelometry to measure IgG-albumin index, and also agarose gel electrophoresis (EP) with protein blotting technique to characterize discrete IgG bands. The patients included: A) 16 cases of multiple sclerosis (MS); B) 23 cases of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS); C) 21 cases of other non-inflammatory neurologic disorders. The average IgG-albumin index was 0.65 +/- 0.25 in Group A, 1.10 +/- 0.78 in B, and 0.50 +/- 0.12 in C. If 0.72 is taken as the upper normal limit, an increased index was found in 31%, 43% and 5% of Groups A, B and C, respectively. Discrete IgG bands were detected in 69%, 9% and 5% of Groups A, B and C, respectively. Gamma globulin bands were not always IgG, and true oligoclonal myeloma proteins were not encountered. It is concluded that both IgG-albumin index measurement and agarose gel EP are useful for diagnostic differentiation in neurologic diseases: the former, for inflammatory diseases of CNS; and the latter, for MS.
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PMID:Diagnostic values of IgG-albumin index and agarose gel electrophoresis in neurologic diseases. 243 86


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